{"id":261,"date":"2022-10-26T14:35:47","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T12:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=261"},"modified":"2025-12-11T16:39:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T15:39:51","slug":"tete-et-cou","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/chapter\/tete-et-cou\/","title":{"raw":"Section 1. Aper\u00e7u topographique de la t\u00eate et du cou","rendered":"Section 1. Aper\u00e7u topographique de la t\u00eate et du cou"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 class=\"import-Normal\">Introduction<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La r\u00e9gion \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eate et cou\u00a0\u00bb concentre une haute complexit\u00e9 anatomique concernant les vaisseaux, le syst\u00e8me nerveux (en particulier le SNC et les nerfs cr\u00e2niens), les organes des sens, les syst\u00e8mes digestif et respiratoire au sein et au pourtour d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments osseux constitu\u00e9s par la bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne, le massif facial et le rachis cervical.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette complexit\u00e9 anatomique est illustr\u00e9e par le nombre de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s dont cette r\u00e9gion constitue le terrain d\u2019expertise :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">neurochirurgie \/ neurologie \/ neuroradiologie ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">chirurgie vasculaire ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ophtalmologie ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">oto-rhino-laryngologie ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">dentisterie.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nCe chapitre regroupera les informations abord\u00e9es lors de l\u2019approche syst\u00e9mique et ne pourra refl\u00e9ter que tr\u00e8s partiellement la complexit\u00e9 du sujet.\r\n<h1 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\"> et massif facial<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne dessine une sph\u00e8re aplatie \u00e0 sa base (vo\u00fbte et base) (voir figures<\/span> 4-4, 4-5 et 5-14) qui dessine une marche d\u2019escalier en coupe sagittale. Ant\u00e9rieurement et inf\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 cette marche, on retrouve le massif facial compl\u00e9t\u00e9 au-devant de la colonne cervicale par le carrefour a\u00e9ro-digestif (pharynx) (figure 13-12).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image1-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-12<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes frontale (A) et sagittale (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\" style=\"height: 60px;\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; height: 60px; width: 1381.03px;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Sur les coupes simplifi\u00e9es, la base du cr\u00e2ne est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en pointill\u00e9s gras rouges.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1 = H\u00e9misph\u00e8res c\u00e9r\u00e9braux, 2 = dienc\u00e9phale, 3 = tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, 4 = cervelet, 5 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 6\u00a0=\u00a0voies a\u00e9riennes, 7 = voies digestives.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ext\u00e9rieurement<\/strong> (figure 13-13), on divise la r\u00e9gion c\u00e9phalique en plusieurs sous-r\u00e9gions. Les cavit\u00e9s sinusales se projettent de fa\u00e7on sp\u00e9cifique. En surface on localise aussi classiquement les glandes salivaires ainsi que les art\u00e8res faciales et temporales.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image2-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-13<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Face\u00a0: sous r\u00e9gions et projections principales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0: Vues de profil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong>\u00a0: Vues de face.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Labellis\u00e9es en noir, les r\u00e9gions de la face et de la t\u00eate : r\u00e9gions 1 = pari\u00e9tale, 2 = temporale, 3\u00a0=\u00a0frontale, 4 = orbitaire, 5 = nasale, 6 = orale, 7 = mentonni\u00e8re, 8 = suborbitaire, 9 = buccale, 10\u00a0=\u00a0parotido-mass\u00e9t\u00e9rine, 11 = zygomatique, 12 = infratemporale, 13 = occipitale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Labellis\u00e9es en rouge, la projection des trois paires de glandes salivaires principales : 14 = sublinguale, 15 = submandibulaire, 16 = parotide.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Labellis\u00e9es en vert, les projections des diff\u00e9rentes cavit\u00e9s sinusales a\u00e9riennes de la face\u00a0: 17 = cellules ethmo\u00efdales, 18 = sinus frontal, 19 = sinus maxillaire, 20 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Int\u00e9rieurement,<\/strong> la base pr\u00e9sente d\u2019avant en arri\u00e8re trois fosses :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ant\u00e9rieure, au-dessus du toit de l\u2019orbite ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">moyenne, s\u00e9par\u00e9e de l\u2019ant\u00e9rieure par la petite aile du sph\u00e9no\u00efde ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">post\u00e9rieure, s\u00e9par\u00e9e de la moyenne par le bord sup\u00e9rieure de la partie p\u00e9treuse du temporal et le dos de la selle turcique.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette division de la base est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par les enveloppes m\u00e9ning\u00e9es, en particulier la dure-m\u00e8re, via plusieurs replis comportant des sinus veineux :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">faux du cerveau ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">faux du cervelet ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">tente du cervelet.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les coupes propos\u00e9es par s\u00e9ries, doivent permettre d\u2019approcher les rapports respectifs :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des r\u00e9gions enc\u00e9phaliques avec l\u2019enveloppe osseuse et m\u00e9ning\u00e9e ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des syst\u00e8mes respiratoire et digestif au sein du massif facial ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des structures sensorielles avec les \u00e9l\u00e9ments cit\u00e9s ci-dessus.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La lecture en s\u00e9rie de ces coupes peut se d\u00e9composer,<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">par la recherche successive des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs suivants facilit\u00e9e par le regroupement en labels de couleurs distinctes :\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">osseux,<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">musculaires,<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">nerveux,<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">visc\u00e9raux.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">par une deuxi\u00e8me lecture faite en confrontant sur chaque coupe les rapports respectifs de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"break-inside: avoid;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image3-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-14<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales - S\u00e9rie 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong>\u00a0: coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = m\u00e9ninges, 3 = sinus sagittal \/ faux du cerveau, 4 = globe oculaire, 5 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 6 = noyaux gris de la base, 7 = chiasma optique, 8\u00a0=\u00a0corps calleux, 9 = lobe temporal.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges), muscles\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = temporal, 2 = orbiculaire des paupi\u00e8res, 3\u00a0=\u00a0oculomoteurs, 4 = buccinateur, 5 = lingual, 6 = mass\u00e9ter, 7 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien (lat\u00e9ral), 8 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien (m\u00e9dial), 9 = voile du palais, 10 = tenseur du voile du palais, 11 = stylo-glosse.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 =mandibule, 2 = maxillaire, 3 = zygomatique, 4 = arcade temporo-zygomatique, 5 = os frontal, 6 = os temporal, 7 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 8 = os pari\u00e9tal, 9\u00a0=\u00a0vomer, 10 = ethmo\u00efde, 11 = sinus maxillaire, 12 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales et vasculaires (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = glande sublinguale, 2 = sinus caverneux, 3\u00a0=\u00a0siphon carotidien, 4 = tige hypophysaire, 5 = glande submandibulaire, 6 = cavit\u00e9 buccale, 7\u00a0=\u00a0fosses nasales, 8 = nasopharynx.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table style=\"break-inside: avoid;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image4-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-15<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales - S\u00e9rie 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong> : Coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) : <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1 = noyaux gris de la base, 2 = lobe frontal, 3 = lobe insulaire, 4\u00a0=\u00a0lobe temporal, 5 = sinus sagittal et faux du cerveau, 6 = lobe pari\u00e9tal, 7 = corps calleux, 8 = hypophyse (tige pituitaire), 9 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 10 = III<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 11 = thalamus, 12 = pont (m\u00e9tenc\u00e9phale), 13 = p\u00e9doncule c\u00e9r\u00e9bral.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges), muscles\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">= temporal, 2 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdiens, 3 = mass\u00e9ter, 4\u00a0=\u00a0stylo-glosse (musculature linguale extrins\u00e8que), 5 = constricteur du pharynx, 6 = tenseur \/ \u00e9l\u00e9vateur du palais (sur la trompe d\u2019Eustache), 7 = stylo-pharyngien, 8 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 9\u00a0=\u00a0digastrique.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">1 =<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> mandibule, 2 = os temporal, 3 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 4 = pari\u00e9tal, 5 = condyle mandibulaire, 6 = os occipital, 7 = oreille interne au sein de l\u2019os temporal, 8\u00a0=\u00a0masto\u00efde (os temporal), 9 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 10 = vert\u00e8bre C2, 11 = apophyse stylo\u00efde de l\u2019os temporal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales et vasculaires (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1 = <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">carotide interne, 2 = polygone de Willis, 3\u00a0=\u00a0tronc basilaire, 4 = glande parotide, 5 = jugulaire interne, 6 = nasopharynx (abouchement des trompes d\u2019Eustache), 7 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2025\/10\/f13_16.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-16<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales - S\u00e9rie 3<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong> : coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = lobe pari\u00e9tal, 3 = lobe temporal, 4 = cervelet, 5 = lobe occipital, 6 = m\u00e9ninges, 7 = sinus sagittal et faux du cerveau, 8 = sinus transverse, 9 = tente du cervelet, 10 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 11 = IV<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 12 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 13 = sinus occipital.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = os pari\u00e9tal, 2 = os temporal, 3 = os occipital, 4 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 5 = vert\u00e8bre C2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image6-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-17<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales - S\u00e9rie 1<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong>: coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = lobe temporal, 3 = cervelet, 4 = m\u00e9tenc\u00e9phale (pont), 5 = IV<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 6 = chiasma optique, 7 = nerf auditif (NC VIII), 8 = nerf optique (NC II), 9 = hypophyse (tige pituitaire), 10 = globe oculaire, 11 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges) muscles\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = temporal, 2 = auriculaire ant\u00e9rieur, 3 = oculomoteurs et releveur de la paupi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = os occipital, 2 = os temporal, 3 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 4 = os frontal, 5 = os zygomatique, 6 = septum nasal (vomer et ethmo\u00efde), 7 = cellule ethmo\u00efdale, 8 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal, 9 = sinus frontal.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = sinus occipital, 2 = sinus sigmo\u00efde, 3 = carotide interne, 4\u00a0=\u00a0tronc basilaire.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image7-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-18<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales - S\u00e9rie 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong> : coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = my\u00e9lenc\u00e9phale, 2 = cervelet.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = orbiculaire des paupi\u00e8res, 2 = releveur de la l\u00e8vre sup\u00e9rieure, 3 = mass\u00e9ter, 4 = temporal, 5 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien, 6 = \u00e9leveur \/ tenseur du voile du palais, 7 = long de la t\u00eate, 8 = orbiculaire des l\u00e8vres, 9 = buccinateur, 10 = \u00e9l\u00e9vateur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 11 = zygomatique, 12 = palais mou, 13 = constricteur du pharynx, 14 = \u00e9recteur du rachis (portion cervicale), 15 = digastrique (ventre post\u00e9rieur).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = septum nasal (vomer et ethmo\u00efde), 2 = os zygomatique, 3 = maxillaire, 4 = canal lacrymo-nasal, 5 = mandibule, 6 = os temporal, 7 = occipital, 8 = apophyse stylo\u00efde du temporal, 9 = sinus maxillaire, 10 = vert\u00e8bre C1.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = nasopharynx, 2 = trompe d\u2019Eustache, 3 = carotide interne, 4\u00a0=\u00a0jugulaire interne, 5 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 6 = sinus sigmo\u00efde, 7 = glande parotide.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image1.jpeg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-19<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales - S\u00e9rie 3 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong>\u00a0: coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> 1 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 2 = nerf spinal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = trap\u00e8ze, 2 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 3\u00a0=\u00a0digastrique (ventre post\u00e9rieur), 4 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale), 5 = long du cou, 6\u00a0=\u00a0constricteur du pharynx, 7 = tenseur du voile du palais, 8 = stylo-glosse, 9 = stylo-pharyngien, 10\u00a0=\u00a0pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien, 11 = buccinateur, 12 = orbiculaire des l\u00e8vres, 13 = \u00e9l\u00e9vateur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 14 = abaisseur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 15 = mylo-hyo\u00efdien, 16 = g\u00e9nio-hyo\u00efdien, 17 = scal\u00e8nes, 18\u00a0=\u00a0sous-hyo\u00efdiens, 19 = lingual,\u00a0 20 = mass\u00e9ter, 21 = digastrique (ventre ant\u00e9rieur).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 2 = vert\u00e8bre C2 (apophyse odonto\u00efde), 3 = mandibule , 4 = maxillaire, 5 = os hyo\u00efde, 6 = vert\u00e8bre C3, 7 = cartilage \u00e9piglottique, 8 = cartilage thyro\u00efdien, 9 = vert\u00e8bre C5.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts) : <span style=\"color: #339966;\">1 = cavit\u00e9 buccale, 2 = nasopharynx, 3 = oropharynx, 4 = larynx, 5 = oropharynx, 6 = jugulaire interne, 7 = carotide interne, 8 = vert\u00e9brale, 9 = carotide commune, 11\u00a0=\u00a0jugulaire externe, 12 = glande parotide.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h1 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">R\u00e9gion cervicale<\/span><\/h1>\r\n<h2 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Anatomie de <\/strong><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">surface<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion cervicale se divise en <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">r\u00e9gions (figure 13-<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">20)\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">post\u00e9rieure (nuque) ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">lat\u00e9rale ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">ant\u00e9rieure.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image9-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-20<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Divisions de la r\u00e9gion cervicale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong> : Vue de profil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong> : Vue de face.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1 = R\u00e9gion cervicale ant\u00e9rieure, 2 = r\u00e9gion cervicale lat\u00e9rale, 3 = r\u00e9gion cervicale post\u00e9rieure, <\/span><span style=\"color: #996633;\">4\u00a0=\u00a0fosse subclaviculaire majeure, 5 = fosse subclaviculaire mineure.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion lat\u00e9rale d\u00e9bute au bord ant\u00e9rieur du muscle trap\u00e8ze et se compose d\u2019un triangle adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 la face externe du muscle sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion ant\u00e9rieure, ou triangle ant\u00e9rieur, s\u2019\u00e9tend entre les limites ant\u00e9rieures du muscle sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, sous le rebord de la mandibule. Le sommet inf\u00e9rieur de ce triangle atteint le rebord du manubrium sternal (fourchette sternale).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Les projections des principaux visc\u00e8res apparents au sein de ces r\u00e9gions sont reprises dans la figure 13-<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">21<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image10-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-21<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Projections et rep\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion cervicale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong> : Profil.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong> : Face.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1= Os hyo\u00efde, 2 = cartilage thyro\u00efde, 3 = glande thyro\u00efde, 4 = trach\u00e9e, 5 = art\u00e8re temporale, 6 = art\u00e8re faciale, 7 = sinus carotidien (\u00e9largissement de la carotide interne \u00e0 son \u00e9mergence de la carotide commune), 8 = jugulaire interne, 9 = jugulaire externe (croise la face externe du sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien), 10 = veine sous-clavi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; page-break-before: always;\"><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Constitution <\/strong><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">interne<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019enveloppe musculaire se compose,<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en arri\u00e8re, des \u00e9recteurs du rachis qui constituent, avec le rachis (long\u00e9 des art\u00e8res vert\u00e9brales), la moiti\u00e9 post\u00e9rieure du cou ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en profondeur et lat\u00e9ralement, des haubans musculaires constitu\u00e9s par les trois paires de muscles scal\u00e8nes ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en avant, des muscles sous-hyo\u00efdiens ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">lat\u00e9ralement, des muscles <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdiens<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue du rachis, on retrouve la m\u00eame disposition des muscles lat\u00e9raux par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de l\u2019innervation somatique (<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">branches ant\u00e9rieures des nerfs rachidiens) qui appara\u00eet entre :<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">la couche musculaire la plus interne ;<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">les couches musculaires moyennes et externes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La couche musculaire interne correspond :<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux scal\u00e8nes ant\u00e9rieurs au niveau cervical ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles intercostaux intimes au niveau thoracique ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles transverses au niveau lombaire.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les couches musculaire moyennes et externes correspondent respectivement,<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux scal\u00e8nes moyens et post\u00e9rieurs au niveau cervical ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles intercostaux internes et externes au niveau thoracique ;<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles obliques internes et externes au niveau lombaire.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au sein de cette enveloppe musculaire se logent d\u2019avant en arri\u00e8re la glande thyro\u00efde ainsi que la trach\u00e9e et l\u2019\u0153sophage, encadr\u00e9s par les axes vasculaires (jugulaires internes et carotides) (figure 13-22).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image11-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-22<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Constitution de la r\u00e9gion cervicale, repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0: Enveloppe musculaire\u00a0: 1 = muscles sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdiens, 2 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 3 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis, 4 = muscles trap\u00e8zes, 5 = muscle scal\u00e8ne moyen, 6 = muscle scal\u00e8ne ant\u00e9rieur, 7\u00a0=\u00a0muscle scal\u00e8ne post\u00e9rieur, 8 = muscles longs du cou, 9 = muscles sous-hyo\u00efdiens.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong>\u00a0: Composition du compartiment visc\u00e9ral : 10 = glande thyro\u00efde, 11 = jugulaire interne, 12 = carotide commune, 13 = \u0153sophage, 14 = trach\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>C<\/strong>\u00a0: Disposition de l\u2019innervation : visc\u00e9rale (nerf vague (NC X) = 15 et cha\u00eene ganglionnaire OS = 17) et 16 = somatique (nerfs spinaux).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019\u00e9tude de cette r\u00e9gion est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par deux coupes \u00e0 analyser suivant la m\u00e9thodologie propos\u00e9e plus haut.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image12-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-23<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes transversales du cou<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"-R\">\r\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong> : Coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = nerf spinal \/ plexus, 2 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = crico-thyro\u00efdien (musculature intrins\u00e8que du larynx), 2 = platysma (peaucier), 3 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 4 = trap\u00e8ze, 5 = sous-hyo\u00efdiens, 6\u00a0=\u00a0\u00e9l\u00e9vateur de la scapula, 7 = long du cou, 8 = scal\u00e8nes, 9 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = vert\u00e8bre C6, 2 = cartilage crico\u00efde, 3 = vert\u00e8bre T1, 4 = premi\u00e8re c\u00f4te.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = jugulaire interne, 2 = carotide commune, 3 = jugulaire externe, 4 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 5 = larynx, 6 = trach\u00e9e, 7 = \u0153sophage, 8 = thyro\u00efde.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"<h1 class=\"import-Normal\">Introduction<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La r\u00e9gion \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eate et cou\u00a0\u00bb concentre une haute complexit\u00e9 anatomique concernant les vaisseaux, le syst\u00e8me nerveux (en particulier le SNC et les nerfs cr\u00e2niens), les organes des sens, les syst\u00e8mes digestif et respiratoire au sein et au pourtour d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments osseux constitu\u00e9s par la bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne, le massif facial et le rachis cervical.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette complexit\u00e9 anatomique est illustr\u00e9e par le nombre de sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s dont cette r\u00e9gion constitue le terrain d\u2019expertise :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">neurochirurgie \/ neurologie \/ neuroradiologie ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">chirurgie vasculaire ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ophtalmologie ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">oto-rhino-laryngologie ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">dentisterie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ce chapitre regroupera les informations abord\u00e9es lors de l\u2019approche syst\u00e9mique et ne pourra refl\u00e9ter que tr\u00e8s partiellement la complexit\u00e9 du sujet.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\"> et massif facial<\/span><\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">bo\u00eete cr\u00e2nienne dessine une sph\u00e8re aplatie \u00e0 sa base (vo\u00fbte et base) (voir figures<\/span> 4-4, 4-5 et 5-14) qui dessine une marche d\u2019escalier en coupe sagittale. Ant\u00e9rieurement et inf\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 cette marche, on retrouve le massif facial compl\u00e9t\u00e9 au-devant de la colonne cervicale par le carrefour a\u00e9ro-digestif (pharynx) (figure 13-12).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image1-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes frontale (A) et sagittale (B)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\" style=\"height: 60px;\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; height: 60px; width: 1381.03px;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Sur les coupes simplifi\u00e9es, la base du cr\u00e2ne est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en pointill\u00e9s gras rouges.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1 = H\u00e9misph\u00e8res c\u00e9r\u00e9braux, 2 = dienc\u00e9phale, 3 = tronc c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, 4 = cervelet, 5 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 6\u00a0=\u00a0voies a\u00e9riennes, 7 = voies digestives.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ext\u00e9rieurement<\/strong> (figure 13-13), on divise la r\u00e9gion c\u00e9phalique en plusieurs sous-r\u00e9gions. Les cavit\u00e9s sinusales se projettent de fa\u00e7on sp\u00e9cifique. En surface on localise aussi classiquement les glandes salivaires ainsi que les art\u00e8res faciales et temporales.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image2-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Face\u00a0: sous r\u00e9gions et projections principales<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0: Vues de profil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong>\u00a0: Vues de face.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Labellis\u00e9es en noir, les r\u00e9gions de la face et de la t\u00eate : r\u00e9gions 1 = pari\u00e9tale, 2 = temporale, 3\u00a0=\u00a0frontale, 4 = orbitaire, 5 = nasale, 6 = orale, 7 = mentonni\u00e8re, 8 = suborbitaire, 9 = buccale, 10\u00a0=\u00a0parotido-mass\u00e9t\u00e9rine, 11 = zygomatique, 12 = infratemporale, 13 = occipitale.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Labellis\u00e9es en rouge, la projection des trois paires de glandes salivaires principales : 14 = sublinguale, 15 = submandibulaire, 16 = parotide.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Labellis\u00e9es en vert, les projections des diff\u00e9rentes cavit\u00e9s sinusales a\u00e9riennes de la face\u00a0: 17 = cellules ethmo\u00efdales, 18 = sinus frontal, 19 = sinus maxillaire, 20 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Int\u00e9rieurement,<\/strong> la base pr\u00e9sente d\u2019avant en arri\u00e8re trois fosses :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">ant\u00e9rieure, au-dessus du toit de l\u2019orbite ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">moyenne, s\u00e9par\u00e9e de l\u2019ant\u00e9rieure par la petite aile du sph\u00e9no\u00efde ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">post\u00e9rieure, s\u00e9par\u00e9e de la moyenne par le bord sup\u00e9rieure de la partie p\u00e9treuse du temporal et le dos de la selle turcique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette division de la base est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par les enveloppes m\u00e9ning\u00e9es, en particulier la dure-m\u00e8re, via plusieurs replis comportant des sinus veineux :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">faux du cerveau ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">faux du cervelet ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">tente du cervelet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les coupes propos\u00e9es par s\u00e9ries, doivent permettre d\u2019approcher les rapports respectifs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des r\u00e9gions enc\u00e9phaliques avec l\u2019enveloppe osseuse et m\u00e9ning\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des syst\u00e8mes respiratoire et digestif au sein du massif facial ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">des structures sensorielles avec les \u00e9l\u00e9ments cit\u00e9s ci-dessus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La lecture en s\u00e9rie de ces coupes peut se d\u00e9composer,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">par la recherche successive des \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs suivants facilit\u00e9e par le regroupement en labels de couleurs distinctes :\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">osseux,<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">musculaires,<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">nerveux,<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">visc\u00e9raux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">par une deuxi\u00e8me lecture faite en confrontant sur chaque coupe les rapports respectifs de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"break-inside: avoid;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image3-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong>\u00a0: coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = m\u00e9ninges, 3 = sinus sagittal \/ faux du cerveau, 4 = globe oculaire, 5 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 6 = noyaux gris de la base, 7 = chiasma optique, 8\u00a0=\u00a0corps calleux, 9 = lobe temporal.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges), muscles\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = temporal, 2 = orbiculaire des paupi\u00e8res, 3\u00a0=\u00a0oculomoteurs, 4 = buccinateur, 5 = lingual, 6 = mass\u00e9ter, 7 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien (lat\u00e9ral), 8 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien (m\u00e9dial), 9 = voile du palais, 10 = tenseur du voile du palais, 11 = stylo-glosse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 =mandibule, 2 = maxillaire, 3 = zygomatique, 4 = arcade temporo-zygomatique, 5 = os frontal, 6 = os temporal, 7 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 8 = os pari\u00e9tal, 9\u00a0=\u00a0vomer, 10 = ethmo\u00efde, 11 = sinus maxillaire, 12 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales et vasculaires (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = glande sublinguale, 2 = sinus caverneux, 3\u00a0=\u00a0siphon carotidien, 4 = tige hypophysaire, 5 = glande submandibulaire, 6 = cavit\u00e9 buccale, 7\u00a0=\u00a0fosses nasales, 8 = nasopharynx.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"break-inside: avoid;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image4-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong> : Coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) : <span style=\"color: #000000;\">1 = noyaux gris de la base, 2 = lobe frontal, 3 = lobe insulaire, 4\u00a0=\u00a0lobe temporal, 5 = sinus sagittal et faux du cerveau, 6 = lobe pari\u00e9tal, 7 = corps calleux, 8 = hypophyse (tige pituitaire), 9 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 10 = III<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 11 = thalamus, 12 = pont (m\u00e9tenc\u00e9phale), 13 = p\u00e9doncule c\u00e9r\u00e9bral.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges), muscles\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1 <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">= temporal, 2 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdiens, 3 = mass\u00e9ter, 4\u00a0=\u00a0stylo-glosse (musculature linguale extrins\u00e8que), 5 = constricteur du pharynx, 6 = tenseur \/ \u00e9l\u00e9vateur du palais (sur la trompe d\u2019Eustache), 7 = stylo-pharyngien, 8 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 9\u00a0=\u00a0digastrique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #800080;\">1 =<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> mandibule, 2 = os temporal, 3 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 4 = pari\u00e9tal, 5 = condyle mandibulaire, 6 = os occipital, 7 = oreille interne au sein de l\u2019os temporal, 8\u00a0=\u00a0masto\u00efde (os temporal), 9 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 10 = vert\u00e8bre C2, 11 = apophyse stylo\u00efde de l\u2019os temporal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales et vasculaires (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #008000;\">1 = <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">carotide interne, 2 = polygone de Willis, 3\u00a0=\u00a0tronc basilaire, 4 = glande parotide, 5 = jugulaire interne, 6 = nasopharynx (abouchement des trompes d\u2019Eustache), 7 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2025\/10\/f13_16.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes verticales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong> : coupes coronales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es d\u2019ant\u00e9rieur \u00e0 post\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = lobe pari\u00e9tal, 3 = lobe temporal, 4 = cervelet, 5 = lobe occipital, 6 = m\u00e9ninges, 7 = sinus sagittal et faux du cerveau, 8 = sinus transverse, 9 = tente du cervelet, 10 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral, 11 = IV<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 12 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 13 = sinus occipital.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = os pari\u00e9tal, 2 = os temporal, 3 = os occipital, 4 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 5 = vert\u00e8bre C2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image6-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong>: coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = lobe frontal, 2 = lobe temporal, 3 = cervelet, 4 = m\u00e9tenc\u00e9phale (pont), 5 = IV<sup>e<\/sup> ventricule, 6 = chiasma optique, 7 = nerf auditif (NC VIII), 8 = nerf optique (NC II), 9 = hypophyse (tige pituitaire), 10 = globe oculaire, 11 = ventricule lat\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges) muscles\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = temporal, 2 = auriculaire ant\u00e9rieur, 3 = oculomoteurs et releveur de la paupi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = os occipital, 2 = os temporal, 3 = sph\u00e9no\u00efde, 4 = os frontal, 5 = os zygomatique, 6 = septum nasal (vomer et ethmo\u00efde), 7 = cellule ethmo\u00efdale, 8 = sinus sph\u00e9no\u00efdal, 9 = sinus frontal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = sinus occipital, 2 = sinus sigmo\u00efde, 3 = carotide interne, 4\u00a0=\u00a0tronc basilaire.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image7-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong> : coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = my\u00e9lenc\u00e9phale, 2 = cervelet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = orbiculaire des paupi\u00e8res, 2 = releveur de la l\u00e8vre sup\u00e9rieure, 3 = mass\u00e9ter, 4 = temporal, 5 = pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien, 6 = \u00e9leveur \/ tenseur du voile du palais, 7 = long de la t\u00eate, 8 = orbiculaire des l\u00e8vres, 9 = buccinateur, 10 = \u00e9l\u00e9vateur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 11 = zygomatique, 12 = palais mou, 13 = constricteur du pharynx, 14 = \u00e9recteur du rachis (portion cervicale), 15 = digastrique (ventre post\u00e9rieur).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = septum nasal (vomer et ethmo\u00efde), 2 = os zygomatique, 3 = maxillaire, 4 = canal lacrymo-nasal, 5 = mandibule, 6 = os temporal, 7 = occipital, 8 = apophyse stylo\u00efde du temporal, 9 = sinus maxillaire, 10 = vert\u00e8bre C1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = nasopharynx, 2 = trompe d\u2019Eustache, 3 = carotide interne, 4\u00a0=\u00a0jugulaire interne, 5 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 6 = sinus sigmo\u00efde, 7 = glande parotide.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image1.jpeg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes horizontales &#8211; S\u00e9rie 3 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A, B et C<\/strong>\u00a0: coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> 1 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re, 2 = nerf spinal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = trap\u00e8ze, 2 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 3\u00a0=\u00a0digastrique (ventre post\u00e9rieur), 4 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale), 5 = long du cou, 6\u00a0=\u00a0constricteur du pharynx, 7 = tenseur du voile du palais, 8 = stylo-glosse, 9 = stylo-pharyngien, 10\u00a0=\u00a0pt\u00e9rygo\u00efdien, 11 = buccinateur, 12 = orbiculaire des l\u00e8vres, 13 = \u00e9l\u00e9vateur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 14 = abaisseur de l\u2019angle de la bouche, 15 = mylo-hyo\u00efdien, 16 = g\u00e9nio-hyo\u00efdien, 17 = scal\u00e8nes, 18\u00a0=\u00a0sous-hyo\u00efdiens, 19 = lingual,\u00a0 20 = mass\u00e9ter, 21 = digastrique (ventre ant\u00e9rieur).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = vert\u00e8bre C1, 2 = vert\u00e8bre C2 (apophyse odonto\u00efde), 3 = mandibule , 4 = maxillaire, 5 = os hyo\u00efde, 6 = vert\u00e8bre C3, 7 = cartilage \u00e9piglottique, 8 = cartilage thyro\u00efdien, 9 = vert\u00e8bre C5.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts) : <span style=\"color: #339966;\">1 = cavit\u00e9 buccale, 2 = nasopharynx, 3 = oropharynx, 4 = larynx, 5 = oropharynx, 6 = jugulaire interne, 7 = carotide interne, 8 = vert\u00e9brale, 9 = carotide commune, 11\u00a0=\u00a0jugulaire externe, 12 = glande parotide.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">R\u00e9gion cervicale<\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Anatomie de <\/strong><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">surface<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion cervicale se divise en <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">r\u00e9gions (figure 13-<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">20)\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">post\u00e9rieure (nuque) ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">lat\u00e9rale ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">ant\u00e9rieure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image9-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Divisions de la r\u00e9gion cervicale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong> : Vue de profil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong> : Vue de face.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1 = R\u00e9gion cervicale ant\u00e9rieure, 2 = r\u00e9gion cervicale lat\u00e9rale, 3 = r\u00e9gion cervicale post\u00e9rieure, <\/span><span style=\"color: #996633;\">4\u00a0=\u00a0fosse subclaviculaire majeure, 5 = fosse subclaviculaire mineure.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion lat\u00e9rale d\u00e9bute au bord ant\u00e9rieur du muscle trap\u00e8ze et se compose d\u2019un triangle adoss\u00e9 \u00e0 la face externe du muscle sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">La r\u00e9gion ant\u00e9rieure, ou triangle ant\u00e9rieur, s\u2019\u00e9tend entre les limites ant\u00e9rieures du muscle sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, sous le rebord de la mandibule. Le sommet inf\u00e9rieur de ce triangle atteint le rebord du manubrium sternal (fourchette sternale).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Les projections des principaux visc\u00e8res apparents au sein de ces r\u00e9gions sont reprises dans la figure 13-<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">21<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image10-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-21<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Projections et rep\u00e8res de la r\u00e9gion cervicale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong> : Profil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong> : Face.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">1= Os hyo\u00efde, 2 = cartilage thyro\u00efde, 3 = glande thyro\u00efde, 4 = trach\u00e9e, 5 = art\u00e8re temporale, 6 = art\u00e8re faciale, 7 = sinus carotidien (\u00e9largissement de la carotide interne \u00e0 son \u00e9mergence de la carotide commune), 8 = jugulaire interne, 9 = jugulaire externe (croise la face externe du sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien), 10 = veine sous-clavi\u00e8re.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify; page-break-before: always;\"><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Constitution <\/strong><strong lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">interne<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">L\u2019enveloppe musculaire se compose,<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en arri\u00e8re, des \u00e9recteurs du rachis qui constituent, avec le rachis (long\u00e9 des art\u00e8res vert\u00e9brales), la moiti\u00e9 post\u00e9rieure du cou ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en profondeur et lat\u00e9ralement, des haubans musculaires constitu\u00e9s par les trois paires de muscles scal\u00e8nes ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">en avant, des muscles sous-hyo\u00efdiens ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">lat\u00e9ralement, des muscles <\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdiens<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">Sur toute l\u2019\u00e9tendue du rachis, on retrouve la m\u00eame disposition des muscles lat\u00e9raux par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de l\u2019innervation somatique (<\/span><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">branches ant\u00e9rieures des nerfs rachidiens) qui appara\u00eet entre :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">la couche musculaire la plus interne ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"fr-FR\" xml:lang=\"fr-FR\">les couches musculaires moyennes et externes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La couche musculaire interne correspond :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux scal\u00e8nes ant\u00e9rieurs au niveau cervical ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles intercostaux intimes au niveau thoracique ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles transverses au niveau lombaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les couches musculaire moyennes et externes correspondent respectivement,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux scal\u00e8nes moyens et post\u00e9rieurs au niveau cervical ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles intercostaux internes et externes au niveau thoracique ;<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-Paragraphedeliste\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">aux muscles obliques internes et externes au niveau lombaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au sein de cette enveloppe musculaire se logent d\u2019avant en arri\u00e8re la glande thyro\u00efde ainsi que la trach\u00e9e et l\u2019\u0153sophage, encadr\u00e9s par les axes vasculaires (jugulaires internes et carotides) (figure 13-22).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image11-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-22<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Constitution de la r\u00e9gion cervicale, repr\u00e9sentation sch\u00e9matique<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A<\/strong>\u00a0: Enveloppe musculaire\u00a0: 1 = muscles sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdiens, 2 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 3 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis, 4 = muscles trap\u00e8zes, 5 = muscle scal\u00e8ne moyen, 6 = muscle scal\u00e8ne ant\u00e9rieur, 7\u00a0=\u00a0muscle scal\u00e8ne post\u00e9rieur, 8 = muscles longs du cou, 9 = muscles sous-hyo\u00efdiens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>B<\/strong>\u00a0: Composition du compartiment visc\u00e9ral : 10 = glande thyro\u00efde, 11 = jugulaire interne, 12 = carotide commune, 13 = \u0153sophage, 14 = trach\u00e9e.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>C<\/strong>\u00a0: Disposition de l\u2019innervation : visc\u00e9rale (nerf vague (NC X) = 15 et cha\u00eene ganglionnaire OS = 17) et 16 = somatique (nerfs spinaux).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019\u00e9tude de cette r\u00e9gion est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par deux coupes \u00e0 analyser suivant la m\u00e9thodologie propos\u00e9e plus haut.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2024\/08\/image12-1.jpg\" alt=\"image\" \/><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 16%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Figure 13-23<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent; width: 84%;\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>Coupes transversales du cou<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"-R\">\n<td class=\"-C\" style=\"background-color: transparent;\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\"><strong>A et B<\/strong> : Coupes horizontales simplifi\u00e9es pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es de sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 inf\u00e9rieur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures nerveuses (labels noirs) :<\/span> 1 = nerf spinal \/ plexus, 2 = moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures musculaires (labels rouges)\u00a0muscles :<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> 1 = crico-thyro\u00efdien (musculature intrins\u00e8que du larynx), 2 = platysma (peaucier), 3 = sterno-cl\u00e9ido-masto\u00efdien, 4 = trap\u00e8ze, 5 = sous-hyo\u00efdiens, 6\u00a0=\u00a0\u00e9l\u00e9vateur de la scapula, 7 = long du cou, 8 = scal\u00e8nes, 9 = \u00e9recteurs du rachis (portion cervicale).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures osseuses \/ cartilagineuses (labels violets)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #800080;\"> 1 = vert\u00e8bre C6, 2 = cartilage crico\u00efde, 3 = vert\u00e8bre T1, 4 = premi\u00e8re c\u00f4te.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #996633;\">Structures visc\u00e9rales (labels verts)\u00a0:<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> 1 = jugulaire interne, 2 = carotide commune, 3 = jugulaire externe, 4 = art\u00e8re vert\u00e9brale, 5 = larynx, 6 = trach\u00e9e, 7 = \u0153sophage, 8 = thyro\u00efde.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-261","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":259,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/261"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/261\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3450,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/261\/revisions\/3450"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/259"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/261\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=261"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=261"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/anatomie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}