Chapter 1: The Envelope
The ‘Envelope’ chapter records clauses that, while immaterial to the contents of the transaction, were deemed useful for evidentiary purposes. The first section, ‘witnessing’, studies clauses that give evidence of other persons besides the parties, who, by attending the act of contracting, offer security to its terms: these were initially the witnesses (martyres) (sect. I.1), one of whom, termed in Egypt syngraphophylax (sect. I.2), has received the document for safekeeping. Next, in chronological order, are the agoranomos (sect. I.3), nomographos—head of the grapheion (sect. I.4), the banker (sect. I.7), and finally, from the early fourth century onward, the tabellio (sect. I.11), all of whom heading a scribal office in which the terms of the contract were submitted into writing.
Not all contracts, however, record an attending person or office. In the case of the cheirographon, the terms of the contract were deemed binding because the document recording them was written by the obligor in person. Even in documents composed in the office of a notary (by an agoranomeion, a grapheion, a bank, and the tabelliones), the body of the document is followed by autograph confirmations of the terms of the contract by some persons-of-interest. No less than fourteen different types of confirmations are evidenced in documentary papyri. Some were drafted by obligees (sect. II.11–16, II.18), while others gave expression to the approval of the terms of the contracts by third parties (sect. II.9,10,19,20). By far the commonest, and oldest of these confirmations, however, was that by which the obligor personally acknowledged the act of contracting and pledged to discharge subsequent tasks, recapitulating the terms of the contract that have already been recorded in the body of the text. But the text was different: the hypographe was not routinely invoked before the mid-second century BCE, a century and a half after the text of the body of the document already reached its final shape. In the hypographe, scribes frequently depart from that older text, introducing a new vocabulary, a new syntax that would bring about the conceptual overhaul of the language of the contract before the Ptolemaic period will have come to an end.
In theory, the hypographe was meant to be drafted by the contracting party in person, a task that illiterates or semi-literates would not successfully accomplish. The identity of the contracting party could be verified through an account of their bodily features (sect. II.7). Yet such an account was not deemed a sufficient substitute for the hypographe. Rather, in case of illiteracy, the hypographe (or the entire document) was to be drafted by a literate bystander, termed, in the context of the early Roman grapheia, hypographeus (sect. II.1), who professed to have written the text because of the party’s illiteracy (sect. II.6).
Quite often, the contracting parties have already been involved in joint contractual activity, an activity that was also recorded in the presently composed document (sect. III.1.). Some scribes also gave evidence of the circumstances that brought about the execution of the contract (sect. III.2.), and finally, measures, the performance of which was required before the documented legal act could take effect. All related to sale: the confirmation of the vendor’s title by the bibliophylakes, the heads of the acquisition archive (sect. III.3), the payment of the conveyance tax (enkyklion) (sect. III.4), and the official scrutiny of the status of slaves (anakrisis) (sect. III.5).
The contract could also be followed by additional, future measures. Some were meant to corroborate the terms of the contract. Such were the composition of a new contract in an official notary office (sect. IV.1,2), the deposition of the present document in a public archive (sect. IV.6,7), or the official registration of rights ensuing from the creation of the new title (sect. IV.3,4,5). Finally, in documents recording bids (hypomnemata) for the acquisition of state land, the contract shall not be executed before the addressee has formally ratified the proposed terms (sect. IV.8,9).
Two of the most common clauses on papyrus and on other media are described in Section 5. The first is the kyria clause (sect. V.1), probably the best attested and potentially oldest clause in the Greek legal document, which affirms the applicability of the document in all courts of law. The clause records the person who may use the document and, later on, the number of copies. It is also the first clause to record the title of the document, thus yielding valuable information about the nomenclature of Greek contracts. The asphaleia is a subset of the same clause, denoting its delivery to the obligee on the occasion of the contracting act (sect. V.2). A clause attesting to the performance of the stipulatio comes next, with an analysis of the different versions of the clause from the second to the seventh century CE (sect. V.3). For the last clause in this section, the oath clause, I was able to identify several time- and genre-limited applications, but not a generally established clause (sect. V.4)
The sixth section is dedicated to the framework: clauses that served various administrative purposes without shedding new light on the nature of the contract itself: extracts (sect. VI.1), the title line (the name of the document, mostly recorded in copies or translations) (sect. VI.2), the expression ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ, primarily added to agoranomic instruments (sect. VI.3), and the ἀξιοῦμεν construction that ends the texts of Alexandrian synchoreseis, mainly from the Augustan period (sect. VI.4). Last but not least is the docket, an account of the terms of the contract that are presented on the verso of the papyrus sheet (sect. VI.5).
The last section of Chapter 1 focuses on the measures afforded to the obligee for the collection of his debt. Most important and best attested in all periods is the praxis clause (sect. VII.1). In Alexandrian context, the right of exercise is expanded by means of the agogimos clause (sect. VII.2) and the one prohibiting the debtor from seeking asylum (sect. VII.3). The final clause, the protopraxia, subordinates the creditor’s right of exercise to that of the fiscus (sect. VII.4).
Section I. Witnesses and Scribes
1. Witnesses
Category: Envelope
Chronological analysis of the evidence of the witness clause follows a parabolic curve, with peaks in the third century BCE and sixth century CE, yielding most of the evidence (98 and 189 documents, respectively, out of a total of 611 documents). The remaining Ptolemaic period yields just 44 documents and the Roman era, down to the end of the fourth century, shows 86. The reason for this distribution is that witnesses are well documented in third-century-BCE double documents and wills and are still formally needed in double documents down to the end of the Ptolemaic period. Once the double document falls into desuetude at the beginning of the Roman period, witnesses were still attested in hereditary dispositions and in documents from outside Egypt or in Latin, but they were no longer common, as a matter of course, in Greek legal documents from Egypt. In Greek documentation, witnesses gradually became common again in the last quarter of the fifth century. They were not, however, equally widespread throughout Egypt in this period. The best-documented nome is the Hermopolite and much material also originates in the Aphrodite and Antinoopolite nomes, Syene, and Upper Egypt in general. The Arsinoites, on the other hand, yields relatively few witness clauses.
In the Ptolemaic period, the key evidence about witnesses traces back to registers of the witnesses’ names at the end of the document and also, occasionally, to their seals on the verso of documents (cf., P.Eleph., pp. 9-17). In the Ptolemaic period, there are always six witnesses. They are reported using the same nomenclature as that used for the contracting parties: patronymic and deme for citizens; patronymic, patris, and genos for non-citizens; patris, rank, and position for soldiers. In some wills from Krokodilopolis, where testators are reported with a detailed account of their age and their bodily features, witnesses are subject to such a detailed description as well. Cf., e.g., BGU XIV 2395.84-89 (221 BCE, Takona): μάρτυρες· Τιμόλαος Θεσσαλὸς | 37 δεκανικός, Παρμενίων Πέρσης ἰδι[ώ]της ἀμφότεροι τῶν Φίλωνος | 38 ⟦ἀ̣ν̣γ̣α̣ρ̣η̣μ̣ο̣ι̣⟧, Περδίκκας Πολυάρχου Πέρσης, Φιλωνάδης | 39 Λυσανίου Κυρηναῖος, Δημήτριος Θεμίσωνος Κυρηναῖος, Νουμή|40νιος Καλλιξένου Χαλκιδεύς, οἱ τέσσαρες τῆς ἐπιγονῆς (‘Witnesses: Timolaos, Thessalian, dekanikos; Parmenion, Persian, private, both of the troops of Philon, Perdikkas son of Polyarchos, Persian, Philonades son of Lysanias, Cyrenaean, Demetrios son of Themison, Cyrenaean, Noumenios son of Kallixenos, Chalcidian, all four of the epigone’). In the Ptolemaic period, following the classical tradition, one of the witnesses functions as syngraphophylax, the keeper of the document. Only he, among the witnesses, affixes his hypographe in this period (see: syngraphophylax).
In the Roman period, scribes still occasionally employ the witness register format attested in the Ptolemaic period, including an account of the witnesses’ age and physical features, as a common practice vis-à-vis regular contracting parties. During this period, witnesses also regularly add their hypographai, in two versions. One is attested in Oxyrhynchos: P.Oxy. I 105.19-20 (118-138 CE, Oxyrhynchos): Διονύσιος Διον[υσ]ίου τ[ο]ῦ Διογένους ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆ[ς] πόλεως μαρτ[υ]ρῶ | 20 [τῇ τοῦ Πεκύσιος διαθήκῃ, καὶ εἰμὶ] ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα ἕξ, οὐλὴ παρὰ κρόταφον δεξιόν, καὶ ἔστι μου ἡ σφραγὶς Διονυσοπλάτωνος (‘I, Dionysios son of Dionysios, grandson of Diogenes, from the same city, bear testimony to the will of Pekysis, and I am forty-six years of age, I have a scar on the right side of the forehead and my seal bears the likeness of Dionysoplaton’). The second occurs in the Arsinoites: P.Kron. 50.24-25 (138 CE, Tebtynis): Ἀρ̣ητί̣ων Ἰσίων‹ος› μ[α]ρτυρῶ [κα]ὶ σφρακι[ῶ]ι (l. σφραγιῶ) γλύ|25μματι Σεραπάμμω̣νος (‘I, Aretion son of Ision, bear testimony and will seal the will with a signet of Serapammon’). In the Byzantine period, the following changes are evidenced: [1] witnesses become common in all types of documentation—sales, leases, and loans—for which witnesses had been scarcely attested before the Byzantine period. (Now they appear under the regional provisos reported above); [2] seals are no longer documented; and [3] a new and standard formulation is introduced. P.Berl.Frisk 5.14 (510 CE, Hermopolis): Α̣ὐ̣ρ̣(ήλιος) Ἀ̣μ̣μ̣ώνιος Γεροντίου ἀπὸ Ἑρ(μουπόλεως) μαρτυρῶ τῇ μισθώσει ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ θεμένου (‘I Aurelios Ammonios, son of Gerontios, from the city of Hermopolis, bear witness to the act of lease, having heard declaration from the person executing it’).
The recurrent expression ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ θεμένου is not merely an empty phrase. In the Byzantine period, witnesses to legal documents are variously recorded. In sales, payment of consideration is said to be conducted in their presence. P.Dubl. 32.9-10 (512 CE, Arsinoiton Polis): δοθέντας αὐτῷ παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ χειρὸς εἰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ παρο\υ/σίᾳ | 10 τῶν ἑξῆς ὑπογραφόντων μαρτύρων (‘… this was given to the vendor from the purchaser by hand, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses’) (transl.: P.Dubl., p. 171). Witnesses are also recorded in the kyria clause, with the declaring party reporting that he has attached his own hypographe as well as that of the witnesses. P.Cair.Masp. III 67314.41-44 (569/70 CE, Antinoopolis): ἧς τὸ γράμμα κύρι̣[ον ἔσται κ(αὶ) βέβαιον] | 42 πα[ν]ταχο(ῦ) π̣ρ̣οφερόμε(νον), μεθʼ ὑπογραφ(ῆς) τῶν ἐ[ξ] ἡ̣μῶν̣ [ὑπ(έρ) τε αὐτῶν] | 43 καὶ τ̣ῶ̣ν̣ [γράμμ(ατα) μ]ὴ εἰδότων ὑπογραψάντων, καὶ συνηθῶ(ν) | 44 μαρτύρων (‘The document of which (agreement) shall be valid and firm presented everywhere, with the hypographe of those of us who write for ourselves and of those composing it on behalf of illiterates, and of the customary witnesses’). Witnesses are also recorded in the stipulation clause, in which they are termed stipulatores. P.Cair.Masp. I 67097R.72-73 (571/2 CE?, Aphrodite): καὶ ἐφʼ ἅπα[σι] τ̣ο̣ῖς ἐν αὐ̣τ̣ῇ̣ π̣ρ̣ο̣γ̣ε̣[γρ]αμμέν̣οις ὁμολογ̣ήμασι | ἐπερευτηθεὶ̣ς̣ (l. ἐπερωτηθεὶς) παρὼν παρὰ παρ[ό]ν̣των μαρτ[ύ]ρ̣ων, ὡμολόγησα (‘In view of all the terms that were recorded in the documents, having been interrogated by attending witnesses, in attendance, I have acknowledged’). Cf. also NJ 73.1 and 73.8.
Bibl.: Taubenschlag (1955): 190-191; Wolff (1961): 126-134; (1978): 63-64; Kaser (1975): 74, 78; Vandorpe (1996): 233-234, 243-244; Nowak (2012): 573-580; Kovarik (2014): 319-334.
BGU I 86.25-32, 39-43 (155, SokN) [list and hypographe]; 312 (657/8, ArsN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 326.2.18-21 (189, Kar) [ἐσφράγισαν]; II 404.13-14 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [lease; hypog.: 1]; 483.7-9, 14-15 (II, ArsN) [list and hypographe]; 600.10-16 (c. 140, ArsN) [list]; 671v.1-6 (VII/VIII, ArsPol) [sale; hypog.: 1]; III 795.6-8 (VI, Path) [loan; hypog.: 3]; 796.4-6 (VI, Path) [loan; hypog.: 5]; 896.17 (161-169, ArsN) [σφραγιῶ]; 900.11-12, 30-31 (582/3, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 1,2]; 1002.16 (55A, Herm) [ἐπεγράφησαν ἐκ των (l. τοῦ) ὀπίσω μαρτυρω (l. μάρτυρες) δέκα ἕξ]; VI 1264.31 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1266.39-42v (203/2A, Takona) [list]; 1267.22 (before 266/5A or before 228/7A, OxN) [list, empty]; 1271.12 (180A-145A, Phil/Thead) [list]; 1272.20-23 (173A, Hephaistias) [list]; 1274.15-20 (218/7A, Takona) [list]; 1275.21-25 (215/4A, Sephtha) [list]; 1277.15 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1278.12,31-34 (215/4A, Tholt) [list]; 1280.23 (210A, UP) [list]; 1282.22-23 (IIA/IA, ArsN?) [hypog.]; X 1943.19 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1944.19 (214/3A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1946.14-16 (213/2A, Tholt) [list]; 1947.5 (213/2A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1949.9 (221A – 205A, Tholt) [list]; 1950.10 (221A-205A, OxN) [list, empty]; 1951.11 (221A-205A, OxN) [list, empty]; 1956.3-5 (200/199A, OxN) [list]; 1964.14 (221A-214A, Tholt) [list]; 1969.22 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 1973.7 (221A/205A, OxN) [list, empty]; XII 2151.21-25 (476, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2152.17-19 (512?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2155.16-18 (481?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2157.20-21 (485, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2158.8-11 (485?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2159.17-20 (485, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2172.23-25 (498?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2175.13-14 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2180.27-31 (504, Herm) [loan; hypog.: 3]; 2181.21-24 (509 ?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2182.17-20 (510, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2185.20-23 (512?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2186.15-17 (514?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2198.31 (545 or 560, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 1]; 2202.25-27 (c. 565, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2204.30-33 (574, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2206.33-35 (591-602, Herm) [loan; hypog.: 1]; 2208.35-39 (614, Herm) [commodity sale, hypog.: 2]; 2209.31-36 (614, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 1]; 2210.29-33 (617, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 2]; XIII 2244.7-11 (186, Alex) [will: ed. l. 7: σφρα[γίσαντες;]; XIV 2383.15 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 2384.19 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty?]; 2390.39-40 (160/59A, HerakN) [list]; 2393.18 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty?]; 2395.35-40, 84-89 (221A, Takona) [list, empty?]; 2396.12 (213/2A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 2398.15,43 (213/2A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 2399.6,10 (212/1A, Tholt) [list, empty]; XVII 2676.24-29 (500, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2682.31-34 (481, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2685.34-36 (585, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2687.4-7 (Vb, Herm) [loan; hypog.: 3]: 2693.10-15 (VI/VII, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 2]; 2694.40-43 (608, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 2]; 2695.28-33 (608, Herm) [commodity sale; hypog.: 2]; 2696.39-41 (616, Herm) [misthapoche; hypog.: 2]; 2697.5-8 (VII, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2698.36-46 (VII, Herm) [house sale; hypog.: 5]; XIX 2804.12-14 (488?, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2808.26-27 (528, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2812.13-15 (VI, Herm) [lease; hypog.: at least 2]; 2813.7-8 (V/VI, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2814.20-21? (VI/VII, Herm); 2816.19-20? (Vs, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2817.19-20 (500, Herm) [lease; hypog.: at least 2]; 2820.18-21 (Vs, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2822.32-37 (526/7, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 2823.25-27 (568/9?, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2824.7-10 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2825.8-10 (VI, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 2828.15-17 (VIIb, Herm) [misthapoche; hypog.: 2]; CPR VI 1.18-20 (125, PtolEu) [hypog.]; 72.17-23 (I, HermN) [list]; VII 40.27-32 (492, HermN) [loan, hypog.: 3]; 43.25-27 (513, Herm) [lease; hypog.: at least 1]; 45.20-24 (507?, HermN) [commodity sale; hypog.: 3]; 47.21-25 (c. 645, Herak) [prasis, hypog.: 3]; IX 2.4-6 (V/VI, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 7.11-15 (VI, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 8.12-15 (VI, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 10.4-5 (VI, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 1]; 22.3-4 (Vend/VIb, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 24.5-9 (VIm, HermN) [misthapoche; hypog.: 3]; 26.30-33 (545/6, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 3]; 30.16-18 (VIIe, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 38.3-5 (Vl, HermN) [lease; hypog.: 3]; X 110.15-16 (407, ArsPol) [loan; hypog.: at least]; Jur.Pap. 36.28-29, 60-62 (88A, Kopanis, Parthia) [list]; M.Chr. 361.22-24 (355, Eleph) [manumission; hypog.: 5]; P.Aberd. 59.c.8-10 (Vend/VIb, PanopN?) [apprenticeship; hypog.: 2]; P.Abinn. 64.26-29 (337-350, Alex/Phil) [slave sale; hypog.: 2]; P.Alex. 38.7-10 (VI/VII, ApolHept?) [sale, syngraphe; hypog.: 2]; P.Amh. II 43.16-17 (173A, SokN) [loan, grammation: hypog.,]; 151.22-24 (610-619/629-641, Herm) [loan, grammation; hypog.: 3]; P.Amst. I 41.84-126 l. 103 (8A, PtolEu) [list, empty]; P.Ant. I 42.31-35 (557, Lenaiou) [loan, grammation: hypog.: 2]; II 91.16-19 (VI, AntinN?) [labour, homologia; hypog.: 2]; P.Apoll. 57.12-13 (VIIl, Apol) [lease, epitreptike misthosis; hypog.: at least 1]; 58.3-5 (c. VII, UP) [loan; hypog.: 3]; P.Athen. I 31.7 (V/VI, ArsN?) [diatheke; hypog.: 1]; P.Athen.Xyla 8+13.15-20 ? (535, HermN) [loan; hypog.: 2]; 12.8-13 (VI, HermN) [loan, grammation; hypog.: 2]; 17.12-15 (548/9, HermN?) [loan, grammation; hypog.: 2]; P.Bad. II 2.32-39 (130A, Hermonthis) [list]; IV 91.1.8-12 (471, Herm?) [misthosis; hypog.: 4]; 91.2.32-33 (471, Herm?) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Bas. II 53.22-24 (VIm, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Berl.Frisk 5.14-16 (510, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Berl.Möller 3.25-28 (540, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 4.28 (3, Phil) [list, empty]; P.Bodl. I 32.12-14 (c. 240, Oasis Magna) [systatikon; hypog.: 2]; 53.10-12 (610-641, HerakN) [loan; hypog.: 6]; 73.11-13 (610-641, HerakN) [loan?; hypog.: 5]; P.Brook. 10.16-17 (VI, Thebes)?; P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.45-48 (514, Aphr) [homologia; hypog.: 3]; 67032.107-117 (551, Constantinople) [homologia; hypog.: 3]; 67097r.17-18 (571/2?, Aphr) ed.: π̣[αρόντων τῶν ἑξῆς] | ὑπογραφόντων μαρτύρων;]; 67109.48-49 (565, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 67110.49-51 (565, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 67112.27-29 (544/5, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 67114.b.5-6 (511/2 or 526/7, Aphr) [hypog.: 1]; II 67126.58-78 (541, Constantinople) [loan, grammation; hypog.: 3: παρήμην γινομένου τοῦ γραμματίου καὶ τῇ καταβολῇ τῶν νομισμάτων]; 67127.25-29 (544, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 2]; 67128.35-40 (547, Aphr) [syngraphe; hypog.: 3]; 67129.32-33 (549, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 1]; 67240.8-9 (VI, UP) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 67251.6-7 (549, Aphr) [debt; hypog.: 1: nomikos]; III 67302.20-21 (555, Antin) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 1]; 67303.23-25 (553, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 67324.18-20 (VI, Aphr) [diatheke; hypog.: 3]; P.Cair.Zen. I 59001.20-25, 47-53 (274/3A, Pitos) [list]; 59003.18-21 (259A, Birta ?) [list]; II 59173.16-17?, 38-40 (255A, Phil); 59182.10-12 (255A, Phil) [list]; III 59340.18-21, 34-36 (247A, Phil) [list]; P.Col. III 54.25-28 (250A, ArsN) [list]; VII 188.26-31 (320, Kar) [will; hypog.: 5: συνέστηκα καὶ μαρτυρῶ]; VIII 244.16-24 (VI, ArsPol) [prasis, land; hypog.: 5]; P.Coll.Youtie II 89.24-26 (485, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 90.26-29 (513, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 92.42-43 (569, Antin) [hypotheke; hypog.: 1]; P.Corn. 2.16 (250/49A?, Phil) [list, empty]; P.Diog. 11.22-27 (213, PtolEu) [διέταξα δὲ ταῦτα πάντα παρόντος]; P.Dion. 13.29-33 (112A, Akoris) [list]; 14.30-34 (110a, Akoris) [list]; 15.28-31 (109A, Akoris) [list]; 16.36-39 (109A, Akoris) [list]; 17.32-36 (108A, Akoris) [list]; 18.26-31 (107A, Akoris) [list]; 19.25-30 (105A, Akoris) [list]; 21.26-31 (113A, Akoris) [list]; 22.25-28 (111A, Akoris) [list]; P.Diosk. 18.42-45 (145A, HerakN); P.Dryton 2.24-32 (150A, Latopolis) [list]; 3.2.37-63 (126A, Path) [list]; P.Dubl. 32.17-22 (512, ArsPol) [prasis, dosis; hypog.: 5]; 33.20-24 (513, ArsPol) [prasis, dosis, monasterion; hypog.: 5]; P.Dura 16, B.5 (Il, Dura Europos); 17.10-11 (c. 180, Dura Europos) [list]; 18.9-12, 31-33 (87, Dura Europos) [list]; 19.18-19 (88/9, Dura Europos) [list]; 20.2-4 (121, Paliga) [list]; 21.12-13 (IIf, Dura-Europos) [list]; 22.15-19 (133/4, Dura Europos) [list]; 23.12-14 (133, Ossa, near Dura-Europos) [loan; hypog.: 3]; 24.20,45 (159/60, Dura-Europos) [list]; 25.12-13,34-35 (180, Dura Europos) [list]; 26v.1-10 (227, Sachare) [sale, land; hypog.: 6: mostly Latin]; 27.d.5-7 (225-240, Dura Europos) [sale; hypog.: 3]; 28v,r (243, Dura Europos) [bilingual]; P.Edfou I 2.13-14 (619, Apol) [asphaleion; hypog.: 2]; 3.22-25 (619, Apol) [asphaleion; hypog.: 2]; P.Eirene II 25.22-25 (VIIm, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Eleph. 1.16-18 (310A, Eleph) [list]; 2.17-18 (284A, Eleph) [list]; 3.7-8 (282A, Eleph) [list]; 4.8-9 (282A, Eleph) [list]; 7.26-33 et verso (249, Markopolis) [sale, 7, bilingual]; P.Flor. I 13.24-29 (VI/VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 70.16-18 (VII, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; III 280.26-28 (514, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 2]; 281.20-21 (517, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 299.13-19 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 323.21-22 (525, Herm) [parakletike homologia; hypog.: 3]; P.Fouad I 45.17-18 (153, Alex) [loan. Latin; hypog.: 2]; P.Frankf. 1.50,106 (213A, Tholt) [list, empty]; 2.35 (215/4A, Tholt) [list, empty]; P.Gen. IV 186.23-28 (473-490, Herm) [diairesis; hypog.: 3]; 190.23-28 (522/3, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; P.Genova I 35.8-12 (VI, Herm?) [grammation; hypog.: 3]; P.Giss. I 2 (173A, Krok) [list] ; 37.2.7, 2.19 (after 9/11/134A, Path) [lease, translation of demotic: μάρτυρες ιβ]; 39.15 (205A-180A, Thebes) [list]; 119 (VI/VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 1]; P.Grenf. I 27.2.7-9 (109A, KrokPat) [list]; 57.21-22 (561, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 58.20-24 (c. 561, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 60.58-61 (582?, Apol) [prasis; hypog.: 5]; II 90.23-27 (VI, Apol) [asphales; hypog.: 1]; P.Gron. 10.28-31 (VI?, UP) [endowment; hypog.: 6: παρήμην καὶ μαρτυρῶ]; P.Hamb. I 24 (223A, ArsN) [list]; 68.47-48 (549/50 or 564/5, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 73.17-19 (II, Phil?) [roman will; hypog.: 4: ἐσφράγισα]; III 232 (VIf, Aphr) [apoche; hypog.: 1]; IV 265 (VIs, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 266.19-22 (507, HermN) [indebtedness; hypog.: 1]; P.Heid. V 352.22-23 (558, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 355.21-24 (V/VI, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; 356.11-15 (V/VI, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 3]; P.Herm. 25.26-28 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [sale, house; hypog.: 3]; 34.36-40 (VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 59.7-8 (after 430?, AntaiN) [μάρτυς]; P.Hib. I 84a.13-15, 28-29 (285/4A, HerakN?) [list]; 90.21-23 (222A, Tholt) [list]; 91.14-17 (244/3A, OxN) [list]; II 208.13-14 (265A-250A, Hibeh) [list]; P.Horak 8.17-18 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2] P.Jena II 17.27-31 (515?, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; P.Kell. I 8.17-18 (362, Kellis) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; 30.25 (363, Kellis) [enkatallage; hypog.: 1]; 37.23-24 (320, Kellis) [sale; hypog.: 1: ἐμαρτύρησα]; 48.20-21 (355, Kellis) [apeleutherosis; hypog.: 1]; P.Köln II 100.29-33 (133, Pim[ ]) [diatheke; hypog.: 6 with an account of the sphragis]; 104.b.28-31 (VI, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; III 156.16-20 (582-602, Antin?) [hypotheke; hypog.: 3]; 157.39-44 (589, ApolHept) [eleutheria; hypog.: 4]; V 218.14-18 (215/4A, UP) [list]; X 421.64-76 (VI, Aphr) [diatheke; hypog.: 7]; XII 487.15-21 (117-138, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6]; XIV 589.8-9 (VI, Antin) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; XVI 642.19-23 (256A, HerakN?) [list]; P.Kramer 15.21-25 (629?, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Laur. I 7.13-14 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; II 29.12-16 (VI, Herm) [misthosis/misthotike homologia; hypog.: 2]; P.Lips. I 25.2-7 (VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; II 127.1-4 (20a, Teb) [list, damaged]; 128.24-26 (19A, Talithis) [list]; P.Lond. I 77.81-87 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [diatheke; hypog.: 5]; 113.3.15 (515, Herm); II 219vb (IIA, Itos) [list]; 229.26-29 (166, Seleukia Pieria) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 288.37-46 (90, SokN) [engye; hypog.: 2]; 483.99-103 (615/6, ApolHept) [emphyteusis; hypog.: 4]; III 991.26-29 (481, UP) [house sale; hypog.: 1]; 1001.30-33 (539, HermN) [commodity sale, grammation; hypog.: 2]; 1015.21-27 (VI, Herm) [ekchoretike homologia; hypog.: 5]; 1017.14-20 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 1023 (V, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 1030.7-8,11 (c. 527, Herm) [lease; hypog.: 3, 1]; 1050.12-15 (VIl/V, Herm) [lease (misthapoche); hypog.: 2]; 1164f.35-37 (212, Antin) [share of a house; hypog.: 4]; 1164i.24-26 (212, Antin) [loan; hypog.: 3]; V 1661.26-28 (553, Aphr); 1686.46-47 (565, Aphr) [land, prasis; hypog.: 1]; 1687.21-24 (523, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 2]; 1692a.22-23 (555, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 1692b.21-25 (556, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 1698.14 (VI, Aphr) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 1700.10 (VI, Aphr) [debt; hypog.: 1]; 1716.14-17 (570, Antin) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; 1722.52-59 (530, Sy) [sale, house; hypog.: 8]; 1723.25-28 (577, Sy) [loan, asphaleia; hypog.: 8]; 1724.82-87 (578, Sy) [prasis; hypog.: 6]; 1727.68-73 (583/4, Sy) [diairesis, homologia; hypog.: 6]; 1733.75-80 (594, Sy) [part of a symposion; hypog.: 7]; 1734.25-30 (578-582, Sy) [sale, house; hypog.: 6]; 1735.26-28 (VIl, Sy?) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; 1736.26-33 (611, Sy) [loan; hypog.: 3]; 1737.20-26 (613, Sy) [loan; hypog.: 3]; 1768.22-25 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 1770.23-26 (547/562, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 1771.13-15 (VI, HermN) [misthosis: hypog.: 3]; 1772.29-35 (VI, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 3]; 1844.23-28 (VIe, Aphr); VII 1986.4-7 (252a, Alex) [list]; P.Lund VI 6.13-19 (190/1, PtolEu) [diatheke; hypog. at least 1: μαρτυρῶ καὶ σφραγιῶ]; P.Mert. I 6.30-32 (77A, Nestou Epoikion) [list]; P.Mich. I 66.10-16, 33-37 (245A, Phil) [list]; XIII 662.72-79 (615, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 4]; 663.42-51 (VI, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 5]; 664.43-49 (584/5 or 600/1, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 2]; 666.39-40 (615/631/646, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 670.18-21 (527, Tanyaithis) [syngraphe; hypog.: 2]; 671.24-27 (VIm, Aphr) [asphaleia; hypog.: 3]; 672.14 (557?, Aphr) [asphaleia; hypog.: 1]; P.Michael. 40.70-80 (544/559, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 5]; 42A.43-48 (566, Aphr) [hypotheke; hypog.: 5]; 43.22-24 (526, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 4]; 44.22-23 (527, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 2?]; 45.67-78 (540, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 5]; 46.25-26 (559, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 48.32-34 (572, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 52.g.47-61, 66 (VI/VII, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 7]; 54 .17-20 (VI, Aphr) [homologia; hypog.: 3]; 55.16-23 (582-602, Aphr) [diairesis; hypog.: 7]; 57.1-4 (VI, Aphr) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; 59.10-11 (VI, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.16-18, 45-48 (148A, Hephaistias) [list]; P.Münch. I 3.32-35 (580, Sy) [debt; hypog.: 3]; 4.2.53-57 (581, Sy) [prasis; hypog.: 6]; 8.43-49 (c. 540, Sy) [will; hypog.: 7]; 9.103-110 (585, Sy) [half a symposion; hypog.: 7]; 10.26-28 (586, Sy) [cession of rights; hypog.: 3]; 11.74-81 (586, Sy) [prasis; hypog.: 5]; 12.56-58 (590/1?, Sy) [house; hypog.: 3]; 13.78-83 (594, Sy) [prasis; hypog.: 5]; 15.19-25 (493, Sy) [prasis; hypog.: 7]; 16.45-51 (Vl, Sy) [asphaleia; hypog.: 7]; III 93.1.5-7 (V/VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 93.2.17-23 (V/VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Naqlun II 23.13-16 (c. 590-596, Naqlun) [commodity sale; hypog.: 1]; P.Nekr. 5.25-26 (241, Kysis) [lease; hypog.: 2]; 10.2.24 (244, Hibis) [systasis; hypog.: 2]; 11.21-22 (274, Kysis) [charis; hypog.: 2]; P.NYU II 14.4-10 (IIA, AphrN) [list]; P.Oxf. 16.18-21 (VI/VII, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Oxy. I 105.13-20 (118-138, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; II 368.10-16 (43/4, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6]; III 489.21-30 (117, Ox) [diatheke; hypog., 6: σφραγίς]; 490.14-22 (124, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 491.18-25 (126, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 492.18-24 (130, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 493.12-15 (99, Ox) [list]; 634.21-27 (126, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 646.21-31 (117-126?, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 647.10-16 (IIf, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; 649.15-24 (Is/II, Ox) [will; hypog.: 6]; XVI 1901.74-87 (VI, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 7]; ΧΙΧ 2237.23 (498, Ox) [grammation; hypog.: 1]; LXIII 4394.238-247 (494, Alex) [grammation; hypog.: 4]; 4395.120-122 (499, Alex); LXVI 4533.15-22 (Il/IIe, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; P.Par. 20.40-42 (600, Panop) [dialysis]; 21.56 (616, This) [prasis; hypog.: 1]; 21 bis.31-33 (592, This) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; P.Paramone 18.8-20 (620, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Petr. II 47.27-33 (209A, ArsN) [list]; III 55a.20-23 (234/3A, Krok) [list]; P.Petr.2 I 1.1-32, ll. 18-32 (238/7A, Krok?) [list]; 1.33-68, ll. 62-68 (238/7A, Krok) [list]; 1. 69-86, ll. 74-86 (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 2.1-21 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 2.22-28 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 3.1-7 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 3.38-63, ll. 52-63 (238/7A, Krok) [list]; 3.64-95, ll. 85-95 (238/7A, Krok) [list]; 3.8-38, ll. 26-38 (238/7A, Krok) [list]; 5 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 6.1-26, ll. 17-26 (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 6.27-47, ll. 37-47 (238/7A, Meris of Polemon) [list]; 8.4-12 (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 9.1-7 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 12 passim (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 14.20-27 (238/7A, Krok) [list]; 15.8-11 (238/7A, ArsN) [list]; 16.1-11 passim (236/5A, ArsN) [list]; 16.12-40, ll. 28-40 (236/5A, Krok) [list]; 16.41-66, ll. 55-66 (236/5A, Krok) [list]; 16.67-94, ll. 83-94 (236/5A, Krok) [list]; 16.95-122, ll. 111-122 (236/5A, Krok) [list]; 17.1-14, ll. 4-14 (236/5A, ArsN) [list]; 17.15-40, ll. 29-40 (236/5A, Krok) [list]; 18.14-23 (236/5A, Theog) [list]; 23.6-17 (235/4A, ArsN) [list]; 24.1-14, ll. 2-14 (226/5A, ArsN) [list]; 24.15-38, ll. 30-38 (226/5A, Krok) [list]; 24.39-58, ll. 56-58 (226/5A, Krok?) [list]; 26.1-7 passim (226/5A, ArsN) [list]; 27.3-15 (226/5A, ArsN) [list]; 28.4-7 (226/5A, ArsN) [list]; 29 passim (226/5A, ArsN) [list]; P.Prag. I 46.23-31 (522, Antin) [grammation; hypog.: 3] ; II 156.14-16 (V, HermN?) [prasis; hypog.: 3]; 158.16-21 (V/VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 160.15-19 (VIm, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.]; P.Rein. II 107.6-7 (573 or 588 or 603, Koptites) [asphaleia; hypog.: 1]; P.Ross.Georg. III 44.9-12 (VI, Antai/Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 53.16-18 (674/5, ArsPol) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; V 37.13-15 (VIm, Aphr) [homologia, opheile; hypog.: 2]; 42.25-26 (602, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Ryl. II 153.45-50 (169, Herm) [list]; IV 582.21-23 (42A, OxN) [list]; 587.22-24 (87A, Teb) [list]; P.Scholl 8.23-27 (515, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Select. 16.20-22 (V/VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Sorb. I 15.15-20 (c. 266A, HerakN) [list]; III 71.11-12 (268/7A, Takona) [list] ; 74.9-10 (270-266, Mouchonapis) [list]; P.Stras. I 4.24-26 (551, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; IV 247.22-25 (550/1/2, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; V 338 (550, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 348.5-7 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 398.5-13 (553, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 472.26-29 (533/4?, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 475.17-20 (507/8 or 522/3, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 482.4-11 (542, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 483.6-17 (512, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 1]; 486.22-24 (504/5, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 488.8-11 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 490.8-10 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 493.14-18 (c. 525, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 540.11-12 (VI, UP) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 1]; VI 546.3-23 (c. 155, UP) [will; μαρτυρῶ καὶ σφραγιῶ]; 597.17-20 (541, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 600.35-38 (609/624/659, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; VII 658.10-12 (VI, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; 677.12-16 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 678.22-25 (568/9, Herm) [labour; hypog.: 4]; 696.21-25 (VI, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; VIII 720.12-13 (VI, UP) [hypotheke; hypog.: 2]; 740.13-15 (VI, Herm) [hypotheke; hypog.: 2]; 755.22-25 (VIIe, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 756.17-20 (VIIe, HermN) [bebaiosis; hypog.: 1]; 757.20-22 (VIIe, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 758.20-23 (VIIe, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 779.6-9 (VIIe, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; P.Tebt. I 104.35-37 (92A, Kerkeosiris) [list]; 105.52-53 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [list]; 106.34-35 (101A, PtolEu) [list]; III.1 815.5r.10-27 (223/2A, Teb); 815.6r.2.6-12, l. 11 (223/2A, Teb); 818.23-27 (174A, Trikomia) [list]; 819.13-15, 42-45 (171A, Oxyrhyncha) [list]; 820v.14-15, 34-36 (201A, Samaria) [list]; P.Thomas 28.26-29 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [antikatallage; hypog.: 3]; P.Trier I 12.62-65 (179A, Herak) [list]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 1.45 (598?, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 3.b.5-7 (VI, Aphr) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 4.17-32 (VIs, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 6]; 5.c.25-32 (VI, Aphr) [prasis; hypog.: 5?]; 7.30-37 (546/547, Aphr) [diatheke; hypog.: 7]; 9.22-27 (VIf, Aphr) [opheile; hypog.: 3]; P.Vind.Tand. 28 (576/7, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; P.Vindob. G 13458.9-11 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 15300.19-21 (575-599, Herm) [dorea; hypog.: 3]; P.Wisc. I 13.14-22 (IIe, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 7]; P.Worp 30.11-14 (V/VI, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; P.Yadin 11.33-37 (124, En Gedi) [loan; hypog.: 7]; 17v (128, Maoza) [list of witnesses, Aramaic]; 19v (128, Maoza) [list of witnesses, Aramaic]; PSI III 188.13-15 (540, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; IV 296.25-28 (520, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 389.9-10 (243A, Phil) [list]; VIII 799.8-11 (VI, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 3]; X 1098.39-42 (51A, Teb) [list]; XII 1228.34-36 (188, OxN?) [sale; hypog.: 3: ἐμαρτύρησα]; 1239.27-28 (430, Antin) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; 1263.27-38 (166/7, Ox) [diatheke; hypog.: 6: σφραγίς]; XIII 1311.38-40 (136A, Berenikis Thesmophorou) [list]; 1341.23-24 (Vb, Antin) [antikatallage; hypog.: 3]; SB I 4489.16-17 (584, ArsN) [labour; hypog.: 1]; 4503.34-35 (605/7, This) [homologia; hypog.: 1]; 4505.32-34 (606, This) [cheirographon; hypog.: 1]; 4652.15-17 (304, Oasis Magna) [loan; hypog.: 1]; 4661.19-22 (VI/VII, ArsN) [prasis; hypog.: 5, a single hypographe]; 4662.14-15 (632, ArsPol) [division; hypog.: 2]; 4683.18-19 (VI/VII, HermN) [conveyance of oil; hypog.: 1]; 4772.3,8-9 (IV-VII, ArsN) [hypothekemaion; hypog.: 2?]; 4833.2 (VI/VII, ArsN) [misthotikon; hypog.: 1]; 5112.75-80 (618, Apol) [prasis; hypog.: 5]; 5114.51-58 (630-640, Apol) [prasis; hypog.: 6]; III 6709.7-10, 18-21 (259A, Birta?) [list]; IV 7369.29-30 (512, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; V 7532.23-26 (74A, Nilopolis) [list]; 7559.27-30 (118, Teb) [meriteia; hypog.: 6]; 7758.36-39 (497, MagdBouk) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; VI 8974.42-45 (IbA, Bousiris) [list]; 8986.38-42 (641, Apol) [proikimaia asphaleia; hypog.: 3]; 8987.44-50 (644/5, Ox) [prasis, symposion; hypog.: 5]; 9085 inv. 16048.24-26 (565, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 9085 inv. 16055.35-38 (589, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; 9151.10-15 (c. 600, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 9219.24-25 (319, Herm) [sale; hypog.: 1]; 9377.18-25 (138, Teb) [meriteia; hypog.: 6: μαρτυρῶ καὶ σφραγιῶ]; 9588.14 (VII, ArsN) [labour; hypog.: 1]; 9590.26-27 (VI/VII, Herak) [antikatallage; hypog.: 2]; VIII 9642.1.17-20, 25-29 (c. 112, Teb) [meriteia; hypog.: 6]; 9642.4.18-23 (117-137, Teb) [meriteia: 6: μαρτυρῶ καὶ σφραγιῶ]; 9642.5.27-33 (139-161, Teb) [meriteia; hypog.: 6]; 9642.6.27-30 (c. 133, Teb) [meriteia: at least 4 hypographai: ἐσφράγισα]; 9772.20-22 (VI, ArsN ?) [loan; hypog.: 1]; 9873.17-18 (244, Oasis Magna) [sale of necrotaphic rights; hypog.: 2?]; 9932.15-18 (544-599, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 4]; XII 11059.12-15 (244A, Ox) [list]; 11060.3-5 (246A/223A, OxN) [list]; 11061.22-25 (218A, Tholt) [list]; XIV 11373.16-19 (513, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 11376.19 (239A, Tholt) [list]; 11659.26-30 (c. 256A, Phil) [list]; 12050.31-34 (498, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 12132.18-21 (VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; XVI 12469.19 (20A, SokN) [list, empty]; 12486.29 (470, HermN) [gramma; hypog.: 1?]; 12491.20-22 (VI/VII, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 1?]; 12492.33-37 (638, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; 12569.1-7 l. 7 (66-58A or 55-51A, Kerkesoucha Orous) [list, empty]; 12784.6-7 (IIIend, OxyN/HerakN) [list]; 12812.13-16 (255A, Phil) [list]; 12864.18-21 (506, Herm) [homologia; hypog.: 3]; 13017.25 (24A, SokN) [list, empty]; 13037.23-28 (522/3, HermN) [grammation, dosis; hypog.: 2]; XVIII 13168.25-32 (123A, Path) [list]; 13173.108-120 (629/644, Herm) [prasis, dosis, katapoche; hypog.: 5]; 13255.7 (231A, Tholt) [list]; 13308.44-46 (82-96. ArsN) [hypographe]; 13255.6 (231A, Tholt) [list]; 13320.72-79 (613-641, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: 5]; 13584.23-24 (VIm, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 13585.8-10 (VI/VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 13586.17 (VI/VII, Herm)?; 13620.14-17 (473, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 13999.4-6 (VI/VII, ArsN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; XX 14379.32-37 (320, Kar) [will; hypog.: 5: συνέστηκα καὶ μαρτυρῶ]; 14969.11-14 (VI/VII, Herm) [homologia; hypog.: 3]; 15043.12-14 (VI/VII, Herm) [grammation; hypog.: 2]; XX 15202.22-27 (VIf, Aphr) [opheile; hypog., 3]; XXII 15322.15-19 (535, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 3: single hypographe]; 15345.12-16, 21-25 (116, Teb) [list, hypographe]; 15537 FrF+Gr ll 13-17 (124A, Diospolis Parva) [list]; 15595.12-13 (VI/VII, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 2: single hypographe]; XXIV 15923.12-15 (VIl/VIIe, HermN?) [homologia, lease; hypog.: 3]; 15620.17-20 (424, Alabastrine) [lease, grammation; hypog.: 1, gnoster]; XXIV 16054.12-13 (145A, Teb) [list]; 16109.4-5 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; 16112.5-8 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2?]; 16125.3-6 (VI/VII, Aphr) [prasis, katabole; hypog.: at least 2]; 16189.7-10 (VI/VII, ArsN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 16190.11-13 (VI/VII, ArsN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; 16191.8-10 (VI/VII, AntinN) [misthosis; hypog.: 2]; XXVI 16486.9-10 (V/VI, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: at least 2]; 16487.6-8 (VI, HermN) [misthosis; hypog.: 3]; XXVIII 16858.19-22.b (507?, Herm) [debt; hypog.: 1]; 17201.18-20 (VI/VII, Herm) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; XXX 17364.10-11 (113/2A, PathN); 17458.28.2-24 (122/3, Kar) [list]; SPP I p. 6f., ll. 32-39 (c. 460, Antin) [diatheke, at least 1]; III 200.5-6 (VII, HerakN) [grammation; hypog.: 1]; 324.5-6 (672/687, ArsPol) [misthapoche; hypog.: 2]; 417.7 (VII, ArsN) [misthosis; hypog.: 1]; XX 35.17-22 (235, HerakN) [diatheke; hypog.: at least 4]; 110.32-35 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [prasis, dosis; hypog.: 3: παρήμην καὶ μαρτυρῶ]; 114.24-25 (421, Alex) [loan; hypog.: 1]; 121.40-43 (439, Herm) [prasis; hypog.: 3: παρήμην καὶ μαρτυρῶ]; 139.21-24 (531, ArsPol) [grammation; hypog.: 4]; 145.11-13 (VIl, ArsPol) [prasis; hypog.: 2]; 261.16-17 (570, HermN) [grammation; hypog.: 1]; 269.21-22 (VI/VII, UP) [homologia; hypog.: 1]; XXII 53.10-11 (149, SokN) [loan; hypog.: 2]; UPZ I 125.28-30 (89A, Memphis) [list]; II 175a.29-36 (145A, Thebes ?) [list].
2. Syngraphophylax
Category: Envelope
This entry concerns the deposition of the double document with a syngraphophylax, who is responsible for safekeeping the document and presenting it in court. The syngraphophylax is recorded among the other witnesses. From the early second century BCE onward, he also autographically confirms his receipt of the document. Cf., e.g., P.Dion. 16.36-39 (109 BCE, Akoris): μάρτυρες· Πτολεμαῖος Ἀναξαγόρο̣[υ Μιλήσιος, Ἀγήνωρ Βαρκαίου] | 37 Λακεδαιμόνιος, Ἀρίμμας Διονυσίου Χα̣ρι̣[στήριος, Ἡρώιδης Ἡρακλείδου] | 38 Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Εὐμένης Πολυκράτου Π̣[έρ]σ̣[ης, Ἀπολλώνιος ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ Πέρσης] | 39 [τῶ]ν̣ φ̣ε̣ρ̣ομένων ἐν Κλεοπάτραι. [συγγραφοφύλαξ· Πτολεμαῖος]. and l. 48: (hand 3) Πτολεμαῖος̣ ἔχω κυρίαν (‘Witnesses: Ptolemaios son of Anaxagoras, Milesian; Agenor son of Barkaios, Lacedaemonian; Arimmas son of Dionysios, Charistean; Herodes son of Herakleides, Alexandrian; Eumenes son of Polykrates, Persian, Apollonios son of … Persian, from those recruited in Cleopatra. Syngraphophylax. Ptolemaios. I, Ptolemaios, hold the document as binding’). In abstracts of double documents, scribes provide only the syngraphophylax and include a detailed account of his bodily traits. Cf., e.g., CPR XVIII 2.11-13 (231 or 206 BCE, Theogonis): συγγραφοφύλαξ̣ | 12 Πολεμοκράτη̣ς̣ ̣ ̣δ ̣ ̣[ ̣] τῶν Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Να̣υ̣τ̣ᾶ | 13 τ̣ῆ̣ς ε ἱπ(παρχίας) ̣(-άρουρος) (‘Syngraphophylax Polemokrates … of those under the command of Ptolemaios son of Nautas of the 5th hipparchy, holder of – – arouras’), and ll. 18-19: Πολεμοκράτης ὡς (ἐτῶν) μ̣ε μέσος μελίχρως στρογγυ|19λοπρ(όσωπος) κ̣α̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ρ̣ι̣ν̣ φ̣α̣κ̣ὸ̣ς̣ ̣ ̣φ̣ ̣ (‘Polemokrates, age approximately 45, of medium size, with a honey-coloured complexion, a round face, – – nose, a scar…’).
Bibl.: Kastner (1962): 22-24; Wolff (1978): 58-59; Yiftach (2008b): 203-204; Kramer – Sánchez-Moreno Ellart (2017): 86-88.
D: Details; H: Hypographe; L: List
BGU XIV 2395.89 (221A, Takona) [D]; CPR XVIII 1.12-13 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 2.36-38 (231?A, Theog) [D]; 4.81-83 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 5.100-101 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 7.141-142 (232A/207A, Theog); 8.163-164 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 11.224-225 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 12.248-249 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha) [D]; 13.269-270 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 14.287-288 (232A/206A, Theog) [D]; 15.318-320 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 16.336-337 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 18.281-283 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 20.421-422 (231A/206A, Dikaiou Neos) [D]; 24.35-37 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 25.53-54 (232A/206A, Theog) [D]; 27.86-88 (206A, Theog) [D]; 28.105a-108 (231A/206A, Theog) [D]; 32.5-6 (232/1A/207/6A, Theogonis) [D]; P.Amh. II 43.16-17 (173A, SokN) [D]; 44.12, 35 (136A, Philopator alias Theogenous) [D]; P.Amst. I 41.84-126 l. 102 (8A, PtolEu) [D]; P.Bad. II 2.42 (130A, Hermonthis) [H]; P.Cair.Zenon I 59001.54 (274/3A, Pitos) [H]; P.Col. III 54.29 (250A, ArsN) [D]; P.Dion. 13.37 (112A, Akoris) [H]; 14.38 (110A, Akoris) [H]; 15.36 (109A, Akoris) [H]; 16.48 (109A, Akoris) [H]; 17.40 (108A, Akoris) [H]; 18.35 (107A, Akoris) [H]; 19.34 (105A, Akoris) [H]; 21.35 (113A, Akoris) [H]; 22.32 (111A, Akoris) [H]; P.Eleph. 2.16-17 (284A, Eleph) [D]; P.Hamb. I 58.7 (83A, UP) [H]; P.Hib. II 208.15 (265A-250A, Hibeh) [D]; P.Köln V 218.19 (215/4A, UP) [H]; P.Lips. II 127.4 (20A, Teb) [D]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.18, 48 (148A, Hephaistias) [L]; P.NYU II 14.14 (IIA?, AphrN) [H]; P.Oslo III 140.6 (112A, Teb) [H]; P.Ryl. IV 587.25 (87A, Teb) [H: ed.: συγγραφοφύλαξ Ἡρακλείδ̣η̣ς κ̣ε̣χ̣ρ̣[η(μάτικα)];]; P.Tebt. I 104.42 (92A, Kerkeosiris) [H]; 105.63 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [H]; II 386.24-25 (12A, Hiera Nesos) [L]; III.1 815.ar.2.25-35 l. 35 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.ar.2.35-46 l. 45 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.br. 2.1-8 l. 7-8 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.br.2.9-15 l. 15 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.br.2.17-24 l. 21 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.br.31-36 l. 36 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.br.2.48-51 l. 51 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.bv.2.30-40 ll. 39-40 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.cv.1.25-32 l. 31-32 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.cv.1.36-41 l. 40 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.dr.1.1-10 l. 10 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.dr.1.23-29 l. 29 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.dr.1.30-37 l. 36 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.dr.1.38-44 ll. 43-44 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.dr.1.46-55, ll. 54-55 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.er.2-9 l. 8 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.er.10-29, l. 27 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.fr.2.6-12, ll. 11-12 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.gr.28-33, l. 33 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.gr.34-40, ll. 39-40 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.gr.41-45, l. 45 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.hr.2.1-14, l. 14 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.i.2.26-36, l. 34 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 815.i.2.37-41, l. 40 (223/2A, Teb) [L]; 818.29-31 (174A, Trikomia) [L]; 819.49-50 (171A, Oxyrhyncha) [H]; 820.16, 37 (201A, Samaria) [D]; P.Trier I 12.65-66 (179A, Herak) [D]; PSI XIII 1311.41 (136A, Berenikis Thesmophorou) [D]; SB I 5244.13 (8A, SokN) [H: συνγρ(αφο)φ(ύλ)α(ξ) τετελ(είωκα)]; VIII 9679.6 (after 146A, Euh?) [H]; UPZ I 125.35 (89A, Memphis) [H].
3. Agoranomos
Category: Envelope
In the Ptolemaic and possibly also in the Roman period, the agoranomos, whose office was typically located in the capitals of the nomes, originally monitored sales but was later entrusted with composing other types of contracts as well. The agoranomos clause is recorded in 110 documents. Eighty-seven of them are Ptolemaic, 82 of which stem from Upper Egypt, in particular from Pathyris and Crocodilopolis, both in the Pathyrite nome, and date from the second half of the second century up to the destruction of Pathyris in 87 BCE. The 23 Roman counterparts also originate in nome capitals: those of Oxyrhynchos, Ptolemais Euergetis, and Hermopolis. In the Ptolemaic evidence, the agoranomos appears twice: he is first mentioned in the date and place clause, where a detailed account of the regnal year, the acting eponymic priests, and the precise date and place of composition is followed by identification of the agoranomos before whom the document was composed, e.g., ἐπὶ Σώσου ἀγορανόμου (‘Before Sosos the Agoranomos’). The clause also records, occasionally, the geographical span of the agoranomos’ authority, e.g., P.Adler 5.5 (108 BCE, Krokodilopolis): ἐπὶ Σώσου ἀγορανόμου τῆς ἄνω τοπαρχίας τοῦ Παθυρίτου (‘Before Sosos the agoranomos of the upper toparchy of the Pathyrite nome’); P.Stras. II 81.16 (115 BCE, Diospolis Magna): ἐπʼ Ἀπολλωνίου ἀγορανόμου τοῦ Περιθήβας (‘Before Apollonios, the agoranomos of the Peritheban nome’). Quite frequently, the person before whom the act of contracting was performed was not the head of the agoranomeion but one of his employees. Thus, the date and place clause may report the employee’s identity, e.g., BGU III 997.4 (103 BCE, Pathyris: ἐφ᾽ Ἑρμίου τοῦ παρὰ Πανίσκου ἀγορανόμου (‘… before Hermias, subordinate of Paniskos, agoranomos’). Typically, the person before whom the act was performed also serves as scribe: κεχρημάτικα (‘have transacted the business’). Cf., e.g., P.Adler 6 (106 BCE, Pathyris), where in the date and place clause the document is said to be composed in the presence of Hermias, acting under the agoranomos Paniskos, and the same Hermias composes the document. In exceptional cases, the agoranomos is named in the date and place clause, while the clause using κεχρημάτικα refers to one of his subordinates. Cf., e.g., P.Lond. III 881.17 (108 BCE, Pathyris): ἐπὶ Σώσου ἀγορανόμου and l. 30: Ἑρμί(ας) ὁ παρὰ Σώ(σου) κεχρη(μάτικα). In the Roman period, the agoranomos is no longer recorded in the date and place clause, but the document may still be identified as agoranomic because it invokes various unique specifications of the place of composition. E.g., P.Mert. I 18 (161 CE, Oxyrhynchos): ἐν Ὀξυρύ(γχων) πόλ(ει) τῆς Θηβαΐδος (‘In the city of the Oxyrhynchi of the Thebaid’); BGU III 937.2-3 (250 CE, Herakleopolis): ἐν [Ἡ]|ρακλέους πόλει τῇ ὑπὲρ Μέ[μ]φ[ι]ν (‘… in the city of Herakles above Memphis’). The agoranomos still records his confirmation of composition using the verb χρηματίζω, as in the Ptolemaic period. However, unlike earlier practice, the medio-passive voice of the perfect tense is now used, with the scribe’s name in the genitive, introduced by the preposition διά. Cf., e.g., P.Mich. III 191.27-32 (60, Oxyrhynchos): ἔτους ἕκτου Νέρωνος Κλαυδίου | 28 Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ | 29 Αὐτοκράτορος Φαρμοῦθι τρίτηι | 30 καὶ εἰκάδι διὰ Ἀνδρομάχου | 31 τοῦ σὺν Χαιρήμονι καὶ Σωτάδηι | 32 ἀγο(ρανόμοις) κεχρη(μάτισται) (‘In the sixth year of Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Imperator (the legal act) has been administered on the twenty-third day of the month Pharmouthi through Andromachos acting with Chairemon and Sotades, the agoranomoi’).
Bibl.: Wolff (1948): 55-57, (1978): 81-91; Raschke (1974): 349-356; Pestman (1978): 203-210, (1985) 33; Messeri Savorelli (1980): passim; Vierros (2012): 76-77, 78-79.
[Type1]: κεχρημάτικα; [Type2]: κεχρημάτισται Ass.D.: The assistant in the clause, the agoranomos in the date and place clause; Ass.Dl.: The assistant in the clause, the date and place clause is lost; Ass.: The assistant in both the date and place formula and in the agoranomos clause; Agor.: The agoranomos in the agoranomos clause.
BGU III 993.1 (127A, Hermonthis) [1: Agor.2]; 994.3.9 (113A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 996.3.12 (112A, Path) [1: Agor.]; 998.1.14, 2.14 (101A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 999.1.12 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 1000.1.10 (98A, Path) [1: Ass.]; VI 1259.12 (100A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 1260.22 (101A, Path) [1: Ass.]; P.Adler 3.3.4 (112A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 5.2.11-12 (108A, KrokPat) [1: Ass.D.]; 6.22 (106A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 7.16 (104A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 8.12 (104A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 9.2.14 (104A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 10.19 (101A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 11.2.15 (98A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 12.12 (101A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 13.3.7 (100A, KrokPat) [1: Agor.]; 15.25 (100A, Path?) [1: Ass.]; 16.14 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 17.11 (99A, KrokPat) [1: Agor.]; 18.12 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 19.22 (98A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 21.2.12 (98A, Path?) [1:Ass.]; P.Amh. II 47.18 (113A, Path?) [1:Agor.]; 48.17 (106A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 49.10-11 (108A, UP) [1]; 51.2.30 (88A, Path) [1: Agor.]; P.Bagnall 34.32 (I/II, Memphis?) [1: Ass]; P.Batav. 3.35 (109A, Ta Memnoneia) [1: Agor.]; 6.3.28 (110A, Latopolis/Path) [1: Ass.D.]; P.Brem. 68.15 (99, Herm?) [2: grammateus]; P.Dryton 2.33 (150A, Latopolis); P.Flor. I 1.a (153, Herm) [2]; P.Fouad I 35.15-17 (48, Ox) [2, appointed by his colleges]; P.Freib. II 10.14 (196, PtolEu) [1: Agor]; III 36.16 (179/8A?, Phil) [1: Ass.]; P.Giss. I 28.15 (142/3, Herm) [1: Ass.]; P.Grenf. I 10.20 (174A, Diospolis Magna); 12.33 (150A, Latopolis) [1: Agor.]; 18.30 (131A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 20.21 (127A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 23a.24 (117A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 28.13-14 (108A, Krok) [1: Ass.]; 29.16 (105A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 31.19 (101/0A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 36.2.9 (106A, Path) [1: Ass.]; II 15.2.13 (139A, Latopolis) [1: Agor]; 18.28 (127A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 21.26 (113A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 23a.3.3 (107A, KrokPat) [1: Agor.]; 24.27 (105A, Krokodilopolis) [1: Agor.]; 25.26 (103A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 27.27 (103A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 28.22 (103A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 29.32 (102A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 32.11 (101A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 33.15 (100A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 35.12 (98A, Path) [1: Ass.]; P.Hamb. III 217.15-18 (If, Ox?) [2: quarter]; P.Köln I 50.2.30 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 51.10 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; XII 487.22 (117-138, Ox); P.Lips. I 2.11 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; P.Lond. II 218.14 (111A, Path) [1: Agor.]; 225.22-23 (118A, UP) [1: 2 persons]; 294.33-60, ll. 57-64 (109, PtolEu) [1]; III 881.30 (108A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 882.2.19-20 (101A, Diospolis Parva) [1: Ass.D.]; 1168.21-32 (44, Herm) [1]; 1203.13 (113A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 1204.25 (113A, Path) [1:Ass.?. D.]; 1206.2.25 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 1207.2.25 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 1208.2.18 (97A, Path) [1: Agor.]; 1209.2.18 (89A, Path) [Agor.]; P.Mich. III 191.27-32 (60, Ox) [2]; P.Mil. I 2.12 (104A, Path) [1: Ass.]; P.Oxy. I 99.11-12 (55, Ox) [2: two agoranomoi]; III 496.16 (127, Ox): γραμμ[ατεὺς ἀπ]ὸ τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως ἐν̣ [ἀγυιᾷ τῇ αὐτῇ]; 646.32 (117-126?, Ox) [ed.: [μνημονείου Ὀ]ξ̣υ̣ρ̣ύ̣γ̣[χ(ων)] πόλ(εως);]; IX 1208.32 (291, Ox) [1: agor.]; L 3593.2.54-55, 56-57 (238-244, Rhodos) [1]; P.Ryl. IV 581.12 (121A, Path) [1]; P.Stras. I 52.17 (151, Herm) [2: agoranomos and associates]; II 81.32 (115A, Diospolis Magna (Theb.)) [1: Agor.]; 84.30 (114A, Path) [1: Agor.]; 85.29 (113A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 86.25 (111A, Path) [1: Ass.D]; 88.3.34 (105A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 89.13 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; 90.2.23 (99A, Path) [1: Ass.]; P.Turner 19.9-11 (101, Ox) [2: one of the members of a college of six]; P.Wisc. II 59.23-24 (298, PtolEu) [1]; PSI III 203.13 (87, Ox) [1: Agor.]; IX 1018.15 (107A, PathN) [1: Agor]; 1020.16 (110A, PathN) [1: Agor]; 1024.9 (104A, Hermοnthis) [1: Agor.]; 1025.19 (104A, Hermonthis) [1: Agor.]; XII 1228.43 (188, OxN?) [1: [ -ca.?- συ]ναλλαγματογ̣ρα ̣ ̣[ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣] κεχρημάτικα;]; SB I 428.13 (99A, KrokPath) [1: Agor.]; III 6645.12 (105A, Path) [1: Ass.]; XIV 11491.25-26 (59, Ox) [2: ed.: τοῦ συνεσταμένου ὑπὸ τῶν μετόχων ἀγο(ρανόμων)]; XVI 12716.28 (129A, Path) [1: Ass.D.]; 12986.15 (c. 131A-113A, PathN) [1: Ass.A.]; XVIII 13168.32 (123A, Path) [1: Ass.A.]; 13847.1-4 (114A-97A, Path) [1]; XX 14393.12 (100A, Path) [1: Ass.]; XXVIII 16852.24-25 (132A, Antaiopolis) [1: two agoranomoi with independent confirmations]; XXX 17364.9 (113/2A?, PathN) [1: Ass.Dl.]; UPZ II 181.2.14 (105A, Hermonthis) [1: Agor.]; 190.21 (98A, Thebes) [Ass.D.].
4. Concluding Line (wills)
Category: Envelope, Testamentary
The clause here concludes diathekai (Greek wills) with an affirmation by the testator himself or, as is the case in the city of Oxyrhynchos, by the agoranomos. Only the latter usage qualifies as a fixed clause, pending further attestations of the former. P.Oxy. III 491.26-28 (126 CE, Oxyrhynchos): μνημονείο(υ) Ὀξυρ(ύγχων) πόλ(εως). | 27 [(ἔτους) ι Αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος Τραιανοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ Σεβαστο]ῦ Κ̣α̣ι̣σ̣α̣ρ̣ε̣ί̣ο̣υ̣ ἐπαγο(μένων) ε. | 28 [διαθήκη Εὐδαίμονος Θωνασύχιος τοῦ Θώνιος μητρὸς Θα]ήσιος ἀπὸ Ὀξ[υρ(ύγχων) πό]λ(εως). (‘In the mnemoneion of the city of Oxyrhynchos, in the 10th year of Imperator Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus, on the 5th day of the epagomenai of the month of Kaisareios. A will of Eudaimon, son of Thonasychis, grandson of Thonis, whose mother is Thaesis from the city of Oxyrhynchos’).
Bibl.: Kreller (1919): 319; Wolff (1978): 25-28.
P.Dryton 3.1.35 (126A, Path); P.Köln II 100.33-34 (133, Pim[ ]); XII 487.22-25 (117-138, Ox); P.Lond. I 77.70-71 (c. 610, Hermonthis); P.Oxy. I 105.20-22 (118-138, Ox); III 489.31-33 (117, Ox); 491.26-28 (126, Ox); 492.25 (130, Ox); 646.32 (117-126?, Ox); 649.25-28 (IIe, Ox).
5. Anagraphe
Category: Envelope
The practice of depositing privately composed documents in a state archive is attested as early as the third century BCE. The oldest scheme that reports this is found in SB XXIV 16151 (232 BCE, Haueris): ἔτους ιε Παῦνι ιε. πέπτωκεν εἰς κιβωτὸν ἐν Αὑήρει τοῦ Ἀρσινοίτου | 2 του (l. τὸ) συνάλλαγμα διὰ Φιλήμωνος τοῦ παρὰ Ἁρμοδίου (‘The contract was dropped into a case in Haueris of the Arsinoite nome by Philemon, acting under Harmodios’). SB XVI 13017.26-27 (24 BCE, Soknopaiou Nesos) exhibits the same structure: the date clause followed by a report of the act of deposition and the name of the scribe, introduced by the preposition διά. However, some changes occur: εἰς κιβωτόν is substituted by ἐπὶ ἀναγραφήν (‘for registration’) and the location of the scribal office appears after the scribe’s name: [ἔτους ἕκτου] Καίσαρο(ς) Ἐπεὶφ ια πέπτω(κεν) ἐπ(ὶ) ἀναγρα(φὴν) δι(ὰ) Πτολεμαίου | 27 [βοηθοῦ π]ρὸς τῷ γρα(φείῳ) Σοκνο(παίου) Νήσου (‘In the 6th year of Caesar, Epeiph 11th, (the present document) was submitted for registration through Ptolemaios, an assistant at the grapheion of Soknopaiou Nesos’). In SB XXIV 16162.1-2 (83 BCE, Haueris) we witness yet another development: the clause does not record the name of the scribe and the formulation πέπτωκεν ἐπὶ ἀναγραφήν is replaced with the medio-passive perfect of ἀναγράφω: ἔτους λδ Φαμενὼθ κθ. ἀναγέγρα(πται) διὰ τοῦ ἐν Πτ(ολεμαίδι) Ε(ὐεργέτιδι) γρα(φείου) πρ(άσεως) καὶ ἀποσ(τασίου) γ´ ιε´ μέ(ρους) γέρως νεκρῶν ταριχευτῶν τῶν περὶ τὸν Λαβύρινθον καὶ τὸν δη(λούμενον) Περσέ(αν) τόπ(ον), ἣν πο(ιεῖται) Μαρεφαυῆς Μάρωνι τῶι ἀδελ(φῶι) διὰ γρ(αμματέως) (or γρ(αμματοδιδασκάλου)) Σεσ̣ο̣ώ̣σ̣ιος. | 2 ἔτους λδ Φαμενὼθ κθ. ἀναγέγρ(απται) ἐν τῆι βυθη (l. βιβλιοθήκηι) (‘Year 34, Phamenoth 19. A deed of sale and relinquishment of 1/3 and 1/15 share of prerequisite of the mummifiers near the Labyrinth and the place known as Persea, which Marephaues has made for Maron his brother through the scribe Sesoosis, has been registered through the grapheion in Ptolemais Euergetis. Year 34, Pamenoth 29. The document has been registered in the archive.’)
After the Roman conquest, documents continue to record the name of the head of the grapheion. This is the case in P.Corn. 6.31-32 (17 CE, Oxyrhyncha): ἔτους τρίτου Τιβερίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ | 32 Μεχεὶρ δεκάτηι διὰ Ἑρμίου νομογρ(άφου) Ὀξυρύγχων Ἀρσινο̣είτου (‘The 3rd year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus, on the 10th of Mecheir through Hermias, the nomographos of Oxyrhyncha in the Arsinoite nome’) and P.Fam.Tebt. 23.20 (123 CE, Tebtynis): [ἀναγέγραπται διὰ Λουρίου] τοῦ καὶ Ἀπολλωνίου τοῦ πρὸς τῶι γραφείωι κώμης Τεπτύνεως καὶ Κερκεσούχων Ὄρους (ἔτους) ἑβδόμου Ἁδριανοῦ Καίσαρος τοῦ κυρίου Φαμενὼθ κζ (‘Registered through Lourios alias Apollonios, acting at the grapheion of the village of Tebtynis and Kekesoucha Orous, 7th year of Hadrianus Caesar our lord, Phamenoth 27). In the late first century CE, another verb becomes current: ἐντάσσω. Both verbs are used concurrently in the second century. In the same period, the abbreviated dating formulation becomes dispensable. Cf., e.g., P.Lond. II 308.26 (145 CE, Herakleia): ἐντέτακ(ται) διὰ τοῦ ἐν Ἡρακ(λείᾳ) γρ(αφείου) (‘Registered through the grapheion in Herakleia’).
Bibl.: Woeß (1924): 1-52 ; Préaux (1939): 317-325; Kraus (1967): 63-66; Wolff (1978): 36-40; Pestman (1985): 145-188; Rupprecht (1995b): 43-45; Muhs (2005): 96, 98-99; Claytor (2013): 78-81.
anag.: ἀναγέγραπται; egr.: ἐγράφη; ent.: ἐντέτακται; kech.: κεχρημάτισται; pept.: πέπτωκεν εἰς ἀναγραφήν
BGU I 87.33 (144, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 153.43-45 (152, Dionysias) [date, anag., διά, place]; 350.25 (103-115, Nilopolis) [ent., διά, place]; II 446.27 (169-177, Nilopolis) [ent., διά, place]; 472.2.1 (139, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 538.39 (100, Nilopolis) [ent., διά, place]; 580.13 (2, ArsN) [date, egr., διά, name]; III 719.17 (81, SokN) [anag., διά, name]; 901.13 (II/III, ArsN) [ent.]; 987.26 (19/45, ArsN) [date, anag., διά]; IV 1045.2.23-24 (154, Alabanthis?) [ent., διά, place]; VI 1258.9, 13, 14, 15. 17, 21 (154/3A or 143/2A, Herm ?) [ἀνη(νέχθη)]; VII 1643.24 (II, Phil) [anag., διά, place, date]; XI 2044.b.2.6 (46, SokN) [anag., διά, place]; 2046.9 (II, Herakleia) [ent., διά, place]; 2049.20 (II, Herakleia) [ent., διά, place]; 2116.23-25 (25/6, ArsN?) [ed.: [ἀ]ναγέγραμμα̣[ι], date]; XV 2481.31 (138-161, Themistos Meris) [ent., διά]; CPR I 4 margin (52, Herakleia) [date, anag., διά, place]; 11.40 (108, SokN) [ent., date]; XV 1.23 (3A, SokN) [date, anag.*, nomographos and synallagmatographos, place]; 47.7 (46/7, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Aberd. I 53.21-22 (10/1, UP) [date, anag., ἐν, place]; P.Alex. 7.31-32 (113, Dionysias) [date] ?; P.Amst. I 41.1-44 l. 35 (10A, PtolEu) [ed.: ἀνεγρ(άφη) δια . . .πολε γρα̣φε̣ί̣ου;]; P.Bon. 25.3 (185, Phys) [ed.: σε̣σ̣(ημείωμαι);]; P.Athen. 14.51-53 (22, Phil) [date, ent., διά, place]; 15.13 (83-96, Alex) [date, διά, place]; 21.31 (131, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 25.24-25 (61, Kar) [ed.: ἐντέτακ(ται) εἰς ἀναγρα(φὴν), διά, place, date]; P.Berl.Möller 4.42-44 (3, Phil) [anag.]?; P.Bingen 60.20 (46, PtolEu) [date]; P.Corn. 6.30-31 (17, Oxyrhyncha) [date, no verb, διά, nomographos, place]; P.Dime III 8GH.16 (23, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 14GH.13 (29, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 16GH.16 (34?, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 21GH.10-11 (45, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 27GH.22, 42, GH (54, Nilopolis or SokN) [ent., date, διά, place]; 28GH.18-19 (55, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 31GD.47-48 (70, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 37GH.11 (20/1, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 38GH.11 (42, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 40GH.14-15 (28?, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Dion. 3.22-23 (108A, Tenis, HermN) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 6.22-23 (106A, Tachomtomou) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 7.18-19 (106A, Ammonopolis, HermN) [διά, name]; 13.38 (112A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 14.39 (110A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 17.41 (108A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 18.36-37 (107A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 19.35-36 (105A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 21.36 (113A, Akoris) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; 22.33 (111A, Akoris) [place, anag., διά, name]; 32.21-22 (107A, HermN) [place, anag., διά, name]; 34.17-18 (116A, HermN) [date, place, anag., διά, name]; P.Fam.Tebt. 23.20 (123A, Teb) [anag., διά, name, place, date]; 27.28-29 (132A, Tet) [anag., διά, place, name]; P.Fay. 89.6-7 (9, Pelousion) [date, anag., ἐν]; 91.46-47 (99, Euh) [ent., date, διά, name, place]; 92.31 (126, Thead) [ent., διά, place]; P.Gen. II 89 upper margin (5A, Thead) [anag., διά, name, place]; P.Hamb. I 58.8-9 (83A, UP) [date, ed.: κα̣τεχώρισεν εἰς ἀναγρα(φήν)]; III 218.23-24 (29/30, Oxyrhyncha) [date, διά, nomographos, place]; P.Harrauer 32.6-9 (8A, SokN) [date, πέπτωκεν εἰς ἀναγραφήν, διά, title of contract]; P.Ifao I 13.30-33 (23A, Ox) [date, διά, name, place, bis]; P.Köln XV 611.17-19 (before 8, UP) [date, διά, name, kech.*]; 614.28 (138-160, Stratonos) [anag., διά, place]; P.Kron. 9.32 (111, Teb) [ent., διά, place]; 22.25 (II, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; 23.17 (II, Teb) [anag., διά, name]; 24.7 (II, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; P.Leid.Inst. 25.16 (95/6, ArsN) [date, anag.*]; P.Lips. II 127.18-19 (20A, Teb) [date, kech., διά, nomographos, place]; 128.27-28 (19A, Talithis) [date, kech., διά, nomographos, place]; 129.18-19 (8, Kerkeesis) [date, kech., διά, nomographos, place]; P.Lond. II 154.27-28 (68, Kar) [date, anag., διά, place]; 262.1-2 (11, SokN) [date, anag., ἐν, place, prasis + apospasiou]; 277.21-23 (23, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 289.38-39 (91, Euh) [date, anag., διά, place]; 293.33 (114, Dionysias) [date, anag., διά, place]; 308.26 (145, Herakleia) [ent., διά, place]; 311.25 (149, Herakleia) [ent., διά, place]; P.Louvre I 10.15 (Il?, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 11.34-36 (26-33, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 13.29-30 (29, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 14.29-34 (44, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Mert. I 10.46-47 (21, Phil) [date, anag., διά, place]; III 120.11 (I/II, ArsN?) [anag., διά, place]; P.Meyer 13.26 (141, Apias) [anag., διά, place]; P.Mich. III 186.42-43 (72, Bac) [date, anag., διά, place]; 187.45-46 (75, Bac) [date, anag., διά, place]; 188.27 (120, Bac) [date, ent., διά, place]; 189.38 (123, Bac) [date, ent., διά, place]; V 251.22-25 (19, Talithis) [date, anag., διά, name, place]; 287.2 (I, ArsN) [place]; 311.44-45 (34, Talei) [date, anag., διά, name, place]; 312.52-54 (34, Talei) [date, ἀνεγρ(άφη), διά, name, place]; 322a.48-49 (46, Teb) [date, anag., διά, place]; 348.36-37 (26, Teb) [ent., antigraphon metoches, date]; VI 428.19 (154, Kar) [date, anag., διά]; IX 551.33 (103, Kerkes) [ent., διά, place]; 554.64 (before 93, PtolEu) [date, anag.*]; 555.41 (107, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 559.20-21 (IIe, Kar) [date, anag., διά, place]; 563 (128/9, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 566.34-36 (86, Hiera Nesos) [date, anag., διά, place]; X 583.36-37 (78, Bac) [anag., διά, place]; 584.52-53 (84, Bac) [date, anag., διά, place]; XI 605.28 (117, Bac) [ent., διά, place]; XVIII 785 a+b.21 (46/61, PtolEu) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Mich. inv. 931 + P.Col. X 249 (10, Philagris) [date, ἐν, place, anag., διά, name?]; P.Mich. inv. 4346+4446f l. 9 (15/17, Thead?) [date, place, anag., διά]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 78.32-33 (138/9, Teb) [ent., διά, place]; 99.24 (119, Teb) [anag., διά, name, place, date]; 145.25-29 (142, Teb) [date, ἐγράφη κατεικονισθ(έν), διά, place, name]; III 186.21 (99, Teb) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Oslo III 140.7 (112A, Teb) [date, ed.: πέπ(τωκεν) εἰς ἀναγρα(φήν), διά, name]; P.Oxf. 10.46 (98-117, Thead) [ent., διά, place]; P.Oxy. X 1279.31 (139, Ox) [διά, nomographos]; XLIX 3485.34-37 (38, Ox) [kechrem., διά, name + associates]; P.Prag. I 31.23 (148, Herakleia) [ent., διά, place]; P.Ryl. II 88.26 (156, ArsN) [egr., διά, nomographos]; 160a.17 (15-36, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 160b.12 (37, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 160c1.22 (32, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 160c2.45-46 (32, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 160d1.9 (42, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 160d2.37-40 (42, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 161.32 (81, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 162.38 (159, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 173a.29-30 (99, Teb) [date, anag., διά, place]; 179.1 (127, Nilopolis) [ent., διά, place]; 312.31 (82-96, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 313.31 (82-96, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; IV 601.18 (26A, PtolEu) [date, anag., διὰ τῶν ἀπὸ γρ(αφείου)]; P.Soter. 2.48-49 (71, Thead) [ent., antigraphon misthoseos, date]; 5.48-51 (94, Thead) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Stras. VII 603.33 (103-116, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; VIII 746.18 (II, ArsN) [ent., διά, place]; IX 824.18 (II, ArsN) [ent., διά, place]; P.Tebt. I 104.44 (92A, Kerkeosiris) [date, pept.]; 105.64 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [date, ed.: τέ(τακται) εἰς ἀναγρ(αφήν)]; II 311.45 (134, Theog) [ent., διά, place]; 312.25 (123/4, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; 373.24 [ent., διά, place]; 383.59-62 (46, Teb) [date, anag., διά, name, place]; 384.14 (10, Teb) [date, διά, nomographos]; 386.12-13 (12A, Teb) [date, kech., διά, synallagmatographos]; 388.38 (98, Teb) [ent., διά, place, date]; 390.43 (167, Teb) [anag., διά, place, date]; P.Tebt.Pad. I 16.1-2 (9A-1A, Teb) [date, kech., διά, nomographos]; 19.15 (IIb, Teb) [ent., διά, place]; P.Tebt.Tait. 49.c.10 (89, PtolEu) ; P.Tebt.Wall. 12.36-37 (101, Teb) [date, anag.]; P.Vind.Sijp. 12.30 (184, PtolEu) ?; P.Vind.Tand. 22.23-25 (64, Nilopolis) [date, anag., διά, place]; 24.13,18-19 (45, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 25.13-14 (51, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; P.Worp. 18.33 (139?, Theog) [διά, name]; PSI VIII 879.23 (99, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 909.25-26 (44, Teb) [date, anag., nomographos, place]; 929.39 (111, ArsN) ?; X 1131.38-39 (41, PtolEu) [ent., date]; 1143.33, 34 (164, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; XIII 1320.24-25 (82-88, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; SB I 4414.22 (143, Kar) [anag., διά, place]; 4460 subscr (97A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4464 below (98A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4465 below (98A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4466 below (100A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4467 below (100/99A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4476 below (173/2A, ArsN) [date, pept.]; 4479 below [date, pept.]; 5117.13-14 (55/6, SokN) [date, anag.*]; 5247.35-37 (47, SokN); IV 7466.27 (147, Thead) [ent., διά]; V 7532.28 (74A, Nilopolis) [ed.: ἔτους ζ, Ἐπεὶφ ε̣. π̣έ̣π̣[τ]ωκεν εἰς ἀναγ(ραφὴν) δι̣(ὰ) Θετε( );]; 7559.31 (118, Teb) [anag., διά, name, place] ; VI 9110.36-39 (26, Teb) [date, anag., διά, name, place]; 9377.25-26 (138, Teb) [data, anag., διά, place]; VIII 9642.1.29 (c. 112, Teb) [anag., name, place]; 9764.1-2 (hyp.) (49A, Bac) ?; 9831.19 (Il, ArsN) [ent.*, διά]; X 10538.31 (130, Teb) [nomographos, δι(ὰ) Ἀρείου σεση(μείωμαι)]; 11041.14-15 [date, anag., διά, nomographos, place]; XIV 11408.12 (71A, Haueris) [ed.: ἀναγέγρ(απται) ἐν τῇ β(ιβλιο)θή(κῃ);]; 11843.33-34 (95, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; 11895.11 (45, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; 11933.42 (27A, Teb) [date, ed.: ἀ̣ν̣ε̣γράφη̣;]; 12017.29 (156, Teb) [ent., διά, place]; 12023.22 (II, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; XVI 12469.20-21 (26A, SokN) [pept., διά, name, place]; 13017.26-27 (24A, SokN) [pept., διά, name, place]; XVIII 13897.25 (111, Teb) [ent., διά, place]; XXII 15613.31-32 (111, Teb) [anag., διά, place]; 15637.25 (after 10.12.130, Thead) [anag., διά, place]; XXIV 16157.1-3 (92A, PtolEu) [date, anag., διά, place, meriteia]; 16158.1-4, 4-5 (92A, PtolEu) [date, anag., διά, place, meriteia, ἐν τῇ βιβλιοθήκῃ]; 16161 passim (85a, Haueris) [πέπτωκεν εἰς ἀναγρα(φήν), place, prasis and apostasiou]; 16162 passim (83A, PtolEu) [date, anag., διά, place, prasis and apostasiou]; XXVIII 16904.31 (90, SokN) [ent., διά, place]; 16905.31 [ent., διά, place]; 17081.21-22 (75, SokN) [date, anag., διά, place]; SPP IV pp. 116-117 ll. 41-42 (109/10, Euh) [anag., διά, place]; XX 1.38 (83/4, PtolEu) [anag., διά, place]; XXII 22.21 (142, Philopator alias Theogenous) [ent., διά, place]; 78.12 (after 140/1, SokN) [κατακεχ(ώρισται), διά]; UPZ I 125.36-37 (89A, Memphis) [date, anag., ἐπὶ τῆι ὑποκάτω Μέμφεως φυλακῆι, διά, name].
6. Charagmos
Category: Envelope
Of the twelve documents that employ either the verb χαράττω (‘to impress a seal’) or the noun χαραγμός (‘stamped document’), ten originate from the village of Soknopaiou Nesos and date to the early first century CE. The stem χαραγ- appears in three contexts: [1] as the title of an official νομογράφος καὶ πρὸς τῷ χαραγμῷ κώμης Σούχου τῆς Σοκνοπαίου Νήσου (‘A nomographos and the one in charge of stamping documents in the village of Souchos, Soknopaiou Nesos’) (CPR XV 1.17: 3 BCE, Soknopaiou Nesos); [2] in a clause [Type1] in which each witness is asked to prepare a copy of the text, which the grapheion official is then asked to χαράξαντι ἀποδοῦναι (‘to impress a seal and return the document’), i.e., to add his χαραγμός and hand the document back: επιτέταχα τοῖς μάρτυσι γράφειν καὶ τῷ πρὸς τῶι γραφείῳ χαράξαντι ἀποδοῦναι (‘I instructed the witnesses to compose a document and the grapheion official to impress a seal and return it’). The clause shows strong terminological and geographical ties to the epitetacha clause but seems functionally different. [3] The term also appears twice [Type2] as the title of a section of the document. If we were to draw on the context of CPR XV 2.10-12—ἀντίγραφον χαραγμοῦ καὶ ὑπογραφῆς Ἑλληνικοῖς γράμμασι ὡς ὑπόκειται (‘A copy of a stamped document and a hypographe in Greek letters as stated below’)—we would define the charagmos as denoting a stamped instrument that records an Egyptian sale with security. The evidence, however, is not conclusive.
Bibl.: Messeri Savorelli (1990): 17; Jördens (1998): 73; Muhs (2005): 96; Lippert – Scheuntuleit (2010): 44-45.
CPR XV 1.23 (3A, SokN) [1: without witnesses]; 2.10-12 (11, SokN) [with no. 14] [2]; P.Coll.Youtie I 19.30-31 (44, PtolEu) [2]; P.Dime III 8GH.7-8 (23, SokN) [1]; 13GH.6 (23, SokN) [1 (restored)]; 37GH.7-8 (20/1, SokN) [1]; P.Freib. II 10.1 (196, PtolEu) [ed.: κε̣χά̣ρακ̣(ται) Παῦ(νι) ιθ;]; P.Louvre I 9.33-34 (47/8, SokN) [1]; P.Vind.Tand. 25a.25-26 (II, SokN) [1]; SB I 5247.22-23 (47, SokN) [1]; XIV 11895.4-6 (45, SokN) [1]; XVIII 13579.4-5 (23, SokN) [1].
7. Diagraphe
Category: Envelope
A clause inserted at the beginning of the document—following the date and place clause—records that the document was composed by a named banker at a specific bank and location. The clause—best attested in texts of the second century CE—varies in formulation depending on period and provenance. The expression διαγραφὴ διὰ τῆς τραπέζης (‘A certificate of payment through the bank’) is employed in documents from Hermopolis. Cf., e.g., BGU III 982.1-2 (107 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos): διὰ τῆ[ς] | 2 Ἡρᾶ τ[οῦ] Ἀκουσιλάου τραπέζης Λυκίων (‘through the bank of Heras son of Akousilaos, located in Lykion amphodon’) and is also routine in the Arsinoite Soknopaiou Nesos, Karanis, Ptolemais Euergetis, and Haueris. In documentation from Dionysias, the clause is introduced by ἀπό: ἀπὸ τὴς Παλαμή|δους καὶ μετόχ(ων) τραπέζης Δ[ιο]νυσιάδος (‘from the bank of Palamedes and his associates in Dionysias’) (BGU II 468.3-4, composed in that village in 150 CE). The same formulation appears in SB III 6016.1-3, from contemporary (154 CE) Alexandria: ἀ]πὸ τῆς Θέωνος τ̣ο̣ῦ̣ Ἱ̣έ̣ρ̣ακος | 2 [το]ῦ̣ καὶ Ἀρίο̣υ κολλυβισ̣τικῆς | 3 τ̣[ρα]π̣έζης (‘from the exchange bank of Theon son of Hierax alias Areios’). Finally, one document from Tebtynis, P.Tebt. II 389.3-4 = MChr 173 (141 CE), exhibits the formulation κατὰ διεγβολὴν | 4 τῆς Σα[β]είνου τραπ(έζης) Ταμείων (‘by a draft of the bank of Sabinus in the Treasuries’ quarter’). The clause is not attested in the Oxyrhynchite documentation, where the role of the bank in the transaction is reported in the context of cheirographa.
Bibl.: Preisigke (1910): 213-220, 234-236; Drewes (1974): 5, 32-34; Wolff (1978): 97-99.
BGU I 70.1-3 (131, Dionysias); 88.3 (146, SokN); II 468.3-4 (150, Dionysias); 645.1–12 l. 1 (139/40, ArsN); III 702 + P.Bodl. I 61a.a.4-5 (151, ArsN); 982.1-2 (107, SokN); 986.4-5 (117-138, ArsN); XIII 2342.3-5 (129, ArsN): P.Bas. II 19.4-6 (141, PtolEu); P.Coll.Youtie I 25.4-5 (147, Teb); P.Dubl. 10.5-6 (139-161, PtolEu); P.Fam.Tebt. 8.1-4 (103-114, ArsN); P.Fay. 155.3-4 (136, Bac); P.Flor. I 28.2, 7 (9, Herm); 44.5-6 (158, PtolEu); P.Genov. I 32.1-2 (155, Antin); II 61.1-2 (If, ArsN); P.Grenf. II 51.3-4 (143, SokN); P.Laur. II 28.4 (138-160, HermN); P.Lips. I 3.5-6 (256, Herm); P.Lond. II 333.5-6 (166, SokN); 336.5-6 (167, PtolEu); III 1158.1 (226, Herm); 1298.1,5 (231, Herm); P.Louvre I 18.3-4 (141, SokN); P.Mert. II 67.4-5 (130, PtolEu); P.Mich. IX 572.3-5 (131, Kar); P.Münch. III 96.5-6 (158, PtolEu); P.Oxy.Hels. 30.1-3 (77, ArsN); P.Ryl. II 165.4 (266, HermN); P.Stras. IV 204.6-8 (161-169, PtolEu); 209.3-5 (152, Dionysias); P.Tebt. II 389.3-4 (141, Teb); P.Tebt.Wall. 5.2-3 (94, Teb); P.Vind.Bosw. 6.1,6 (250, Herm); P.Worp. 20.1-2 (155, Antin); SB III 6016.1-9 (154, Alex); X 10565.5-6 (155, ArsN); XII 11262.1-2 (139?, Ankyron Polis); XVIII 13228.2 (148-161, Haueris); 13228.10-12 (148-161, Haueris); SPP XX 74.1,6 (after 23/6/276?, Herm).
8. Diagraphe (Extensive)
Category: Envelope
Documents from Roman Hermopolis [but see also Wolff (1978): 96, n. 72] exhibit the practice of appending to documents recording the conveyance of title to land or slaves (by mortgage or sale) the complete text of the act of cash transfer (diagraphe), as issued through the local bank. The transfer is presented as derived from the main document, the details of which are introduced through the preposition ἀκολούθως with dative and the object of the contract in the genitive case. The account is followed by the account holder’s epakolouthesis. The text reports all the details of the transaction and, as such, may effectively serve as an independent document. Cf., e.g., P.Lond. III 1168.21-32 (44 CE, Hermopolis): ἀντίγραφον διαγραφῆς διὰ τῆς Σύρου ἰδιωτικῆ(ς) τραπέζης. ἔτους δ Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου | 22 Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος Τῦβι εἰκοστῆι. Χιχόις Διοσκουρίδου | 23 Στοτοήτιος (l. Στοτοήτει) Διοσκό(ρου) μετὰ κυρίου τοῦ ἑαυτῆ(ς) ἀδελ(φοῦ) Πεκύσιο(ς) τοῦ Διοσκό(ρου) ἀκο{λ}λούθως | 24 τῆι ἀνενηνεγμένηι διὰ τοῦ ἐν Ἑρμουπόλει ἀγορανομίου μισθώσ‹ε›ι ἕκτου μέρους | 25 οἰκίας καὶ αὐλῆς ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς διακοσίας εἴκοσι (γίνονται) (δραχμαὶ) σκ (‘A copy of a certificate of payment through the private bank of Syros. Year 4 of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Imperator, on the 20th of Tybi. Chichois son of Dioskourides (has paid) to Stotoetis daughter of Dioskoros with her brother Pekysis son of Dioskoros acting as her kyrios, in accordance with the lease contract that was registered through the agoranomeion in the city of Hermopolis, of a one-sixth share of a house and a yard, the amount of two hundred twenty silver drachms, 220 silver drachmas’).
Bibl.: Drewes (1974): 68-71; Wolff (1978): 96.
CPR XVIIb 21.14-19 (217/8, Panop); P.Amh. II 95.15-21 (109, Herm); P.Brem. 68.2.16-35 (99, Herm?); P.Flor. I 1.b (153, Herm); P.Lips. I 4.2.1-16 (153, Herm); P.Lond. III 1168.21-32 (44, Herm); P.Stras. I 52.18-27 (151, Herm); VI 585.20-29 (153, Herm); SB XXII 15472.46-69 (134, PtolEu).
9. Bank (Abridged Wording)
Category: Envelope
In first-century Oxyrhynchite cheirographa that record sales and loans, the bank through which the consideration was transferred is reported at the end of the document in a short date clause followed by the account of the cash transfer. Cf., e.g., SB X 10246.34-36 (35 CE, Oxyrhynchos): ἔτους δευτέρου Νέρωνος Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος | 35 Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος, Μεχ(εὶρ) α. δ̣ι̣ὰ̣ τῆς | 36 Ἀμμω(νίου) καὶ Ἐπιμά[χ(ου) τ]ρ(απέζης) γέγ(ονεν) ἡ δ̣[ιαγ]ραφή (‘Second year of Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus Imperator, Mecheir 1st. The money transfer was discharged through the bank of Ammonios and Epimachos’). The hand is often distinct from that of the main text and may be that of a bank scribe.
Bibl.: Wolff (1978): 97; Yiftach (2008b): 330-339.
P.Oxy. II 264.22-26 (54, Ox); 267.1-34 ll. 32-34 (37, Ox); 269.1.20-22 (57, Ox); XIV 1639.30-31 (73, Ox); LVIII 3915.30-31 (30, Ox); P.Vars. 10.1.31 (155, Ptolemais Drymou)?; SB X 10222.30-33 (20, Ox); 10234.10-11 (35, Ox); 10238.25-26 (37, Ox); XVI 12700.b.4-5 (30A-14, Ox).
10. Epakolouthesis
Category: Envelope, Subscription
The epakolouthesis is an autographically written clause that follows the text of a diagraphe. The obligor, who has already recorded his duties in the diagraphe, reports them again using the formulation ἐπηκολούθηκα τῇδε τῇ διαγραφῇ (‘I have assented to this diagraphe’). The epakolouthesis appears chiefly after documents recording the sale of landed property and slaves, as well as after documents reccording mortgaged loans. The clause is exclusively Hermopolite, and dates to the period between the late first and early fourth century CE. Fairly typical is P.Lips. I 4.2.4-8 (293 CE, Hermopolis): ἐπηκολούθη[κ]α τῇδε τῇ δι[αγρα]φῇ καὶ ἀ̣νείρ̣ημαι (l. ἀνῄρημαι) παρά (name of the purchaser) ὑπὲρ τιμῆς ἧς ἀπεδόμην αὐτῇ κτητικῆς δούλ[ης ὀνόματι Στε]φ[άν]ης | 7 ἐπικεκλημένης Σ[τ]εφανοῦ[τος] ἢ καὶ τίν[ι] ὀνό[μα]τι κ[α]λεῖται ἢ κληθήσεται γένει Κρητικῆς, ὡς (ἐτῶν) κ εὐθυρίνου οὐ[λ]ὴν [ἐ]χούσης ἀ̣ν̣ω̣[τ]έρω ἀστρα|8γάλου δεξιοῦ π[ο]δός (‘I have assented to the present diagraphe and have received from (name of the purchaser) as the payment for a female slave, acquired by purchase, whom I have sold to her, the name of the slave being Stephane nicknamed Stephanous, or by whatever other name she is, or will in the future be called, of Cretan extraction, approximately 20 years of age, with a straight nose and a scar above the right ankle’).
Bibl.: Drewes (1974): 6, 49, 60; Wolff (1978): 102-103.
P.Amh. II 96.1-11 (213, Herm) [loan with hypotheke]; P.Brem. II 68.2.27-35 (99, Herm?) [loan with hypotheke]; 69.8-12 (98, Herm) [loan with hypotheke]; P.Flor. I 1.b.27-36 (153, Herm) [loan with hypotheke]; 28.8-21 (177/8/9, Herm) [loan with hypallagma]; 46.2-23 (186?, Herm) [loan]; III 380.8-19 (203/4, Herm) [sale: land]; P.Gen. I 22.2.2-6 (38, Herm) [sale: house]; P.Lips. I 3.7-15 (256, Herm) [sale: house]; 4.2.1-16 (293, Herm) [sale: slave]; P.Lond. III 1158.6-15 (226, Herm) [sale: house]; 1168.26-31 (44, Herm) [lease]; P.Ryl. II 173.7-13 (134, UP) [loan]; P.Stras. I 19.11-19 (105, Herm) [sale, receipt of the remainder of the price]; 52.28-36 (151, Herm) [loan, hypotheke]; VI 575.9-16 (III, UP) [loan]; P.Vind.Bosw. 6.7-20 (250, Herm) [sale: land]; SB XXX 17622.2-10 (293, Herm) [sale: slave]; 17624.2-11 (293/4, Herm) [sale: slave]; 17625.9-16 (293/4, Herm) [sale: slave]; SPP XX 74.7-19 (276, HermN) [sale: land].
11. Tabellio
Category: Envelope
A special clause, in which the scribe autographically records his activity, is incorporated into early Roman documents composed outside Egypt. P.Yadin. 22.39 (130 CE, Maoza): ἐγράφη διὰ Γερμανοῦ λιβλαρίου. P.Euphr. 6.40: ἐγρά(φη) παρὰ Βαλεσῳ νο(μικῷ). In Egypt it is first attested in P.Oxy. I 102.26 (306 CE, Oxyrhynchos) and becomes increasingly common in the fifth (69), sixth (250), and seventh (88) centuries. By the fourth-century, the clause already exhibits its core structure, as in PSI I 34.23 (397 CE, Hermopolis): διʼ ἐμοῦ Ἑρμογένους ἐγράφη. By then, the specification of occupation is sometimes used. Cf., e.g., P.Cair.Isid. 88.17 (308 CE, Karanis?): ἐπράχ̣(θη) δ̣ιʼ ἐμοῦ Ἀνίνου νο(μικοῦ). Such titles become especially common from the sixth century onward: γραμματεύς (best attested in the Arsinoite and Oxyrhynchite source material), νομικός (primarily in documents from Aphrodite and the Arsinoite nome), νοτάριος (VII, all regions), συμβολαιογράφος (VI/VII CE, all regions), and ταβελλίων (VIl/VIIe CE, Aphrodite). Also appearing on occasion is the specification of a clerical position: πρεσβύτερος and διάκονος, sometimes in combination with notarial labeling [cf. Kovarik (2014) 34-35]. Cf., e.g., SPP III (2.1) 115 (VII/VIII CE, Arsinoiton Polis): † δ(ι’) ἐμοῦ Κοσμᾶ σὺν θ(εῷ) διακόνου συμβολ(αιογράφου). That being said, neither professional nor clerical titles are indispensable. In some cases, the actual composition of the document was undertaken by an assistant, as is evident from SB XVIII 13620.18 (473 CE, Hermopolis) in the formulation διʼ ἐμοῦ Ἀφοῦτος ἐγράφ(η) διὰ Φοιβάμμωνος βοηθ(οῦ). As shown in the texts cited above, a verb is commonly added: ἐπράχθη in the fourth century; ἐγράφη at all times, routinely in the Byzantine period and primarily in the Hermopolite nome; and ἐτελείωθη in the Arsinoites and Oxyrhynchites. However, the verb may also be omitted altogether as seems to be the case primarily in documents from the Arsinoite nome. Apart from the Greek text [1], the clause appears also in Latin transliteration [2], which may be used exclusively or alongside the Greek text [3].
Bibl.: Sachers (1932): 1857-1858; Wolff (1961): 123; Kaser (1975): 78-80; Diethart – Worp (1986): 9-20; Kovarik (2014): 156-158, 195-202, 432-449; Apostolakou (2020): 28-30 et passim.
[1] Greek Text; [2] Latin Text; [3] Greek and Latin Text. esem.: esemiote; nomik.: νομικός; symbol.: συμβολαιογράφος; egen.: ἐγένετο; egr.: ἐγράφη; eprach.: ἐπράχθη; etel.: ἐτελιώθη.
BGU I 304.26-27 (641, Herak) [3; symbol.: nomik.]; 307.15 (VI/VII, ArsN) [2]; 310.26 (425-450, HermN) [2; esem.]; II 364.21-22 (553, ArsPol) [3; eprach.]; 366.23-24 (645 or 660, ArsPol) [3]; 404.15 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [1]; III 725.27-28 (618, ArsPol) [3]; 751.13 (IV/V, ArsN) [1; eprach.]; 795.4-5 (VI, Path) [1]; 796.7 (VI, Path) [1]; 797.6-7 (VI, Path) [1; egr.]; 840.13 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3; esem.]; 841.10 (672/687, ArsN) [3]; 900.13 (VI, Apol) [1; egr.]; XII 2139.19 (432, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2140.21 (432, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2147.20 (464, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2149.27 (470, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2151.26 (476, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2152.20 (512 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2153.24 (493 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2155.19 (481 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2157.22 (485, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2158.12 (485 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2159.21 (485, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2175.15 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2180.33 (504, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2181.25 (509 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2185.24 (512?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2186.18 (514 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2202.28 (c. 565, Herm); 2204.34 (574, Herm) [1]; 2206.36 (591-602, Herm); 2208.40 (614, Herm) [1]; 2209.37 (614, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 2210.34 (617, Herm) [1; symbol.]; XVII 2676.30 (500, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2682.35 (481, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 2685.37 (585, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2686.6 (V, Ox) [1; egr.]; 2687.8 (Vb, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2689.19 (VI, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2691 (VI, Herm) [1]; 2693 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2694.44 (608, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2695.34 (608, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2696.42 (616, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2697.9 (VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2698.47-48 (VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; XIX 2804.15 (488 ?, HermN) [1; egr.]; 2806.6 (Vs, Herm) [1; δι’ ἐμοῦ ἐγράφη τὸ σωμάτιον]; 2808.28 (528, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 2813.9 (V/VI, Herm) [1]; 2814.22 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 2816.21 (Vs, Herm) [1]; 2822.38 (526/7, Herm) [1; egr.]; 2823.28 (568/9?, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 2824.11 (VI/VII, Herm) [1]; 2828.18 (VIIb, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 2830.18 (309/10, Herm)?; 2838.8 (V/VI, Herm) [1; egr.]; CPR VII 39.12 (405/6, Ox) [1; egr.]; 40.33 (492, HermN) [1; egr.]; 45.29 (507?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 47.25 (c. 645, HerakN) [3; symbol.]; VIII 62.38-39 (575, Herak) [3]; IX 2.7 (V/VI, HermN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 7.16 (VI, HermN) [1; egr.]; 8.16 (VI, HermN) [1; egr.]; 10.6 (VI, HermN) [1]; 22.5 (Ve/VIb, HermN) [1]; 24.10 (VIm, HermN) [1]; 25.18 (Vm, HermN) [1; egr.]; 26.34 (545/6, HermN) [1; egr.*]; 38.6 (Vl, HermN) [1; egr.]; X 23.17-18 (520/1?, ArsPol) [3]; 24.10-11 (522/3, ArsPol) [3]; 26.14-15 (before 532, ArsPol) [3]; 27.15 (533, ArsPol) [3]; 28.11 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; XIV 2.23 (VIl/VIIe, ArsN) [2; esem.]; 12.29 (450, Herak) [1; egr.]; XIX 33.27 (591, ArsPol) [2]; 38.23 (560/575, ArsN) [3]; O.Bodl. II 2139.12-13 (V/VI, Thebes) [1]; P.Aberd. 59.c.11 (V/VII, ApolHep?) [1; grapheus]; P.Alex. 38.11 (VI/VII, ApolHept?) [1; grapheus: egr.]; P.Amh. II 149.25 (VI, Ox) [2; etel.]; 150.43 (592, Ox) [2; etel.]; P.Ant. I 42.36 (557 Lenaiou) [1; egr.]; II 91.20 (VI, AntinN ?) [1; symbol.: egr.]; P.Apoll. 58.6 (c. VII, UP) [2]; P.Athen.Xyla 12.14 (VI, HermN) [1; egr.]; 17.16 (548/9, HermN ?) [1; egr.]; P.Bad. IV 55.29-30 (VI/VII, Hipponon/Sephtha/Sento) [1; etel.]; 91.1.13 (471, Herm?) [1; egr.]; 91.2.34 (471, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Bas. II 53.25 (VIm, Herm) [1; symbol.]; P.Berl.Cohen 19.18 (VI, Terythis) [1]; P.Berl.Frisk 5.16 (510, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Berl.Zill. 5.24 (417, Herm) [1; egr., unique]; P.Bingen 130.38 (526-548, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 132.27 (541, Aphrod) [1; egr.]; P.Bodl. I 36.26 (543/558, ArsPol) [2]; 53.13 (610-641, HerakN) [1]; 73.13 (610-641, HerakN) [1]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.19 (341, Herm) [1; synallagmatographos]; P.Cair.Isid. 88.17 (308, Kar?) [1; nomikos: eprachthe]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.49 (514, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67100.27 (506, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 67104.20 (530, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 67109.50 (565, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67110.52 (565, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67112.30 (544/5, Aphr) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 67114.b.7 (511/2 or 526/7, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67116.10 (548, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; II 67127.30 (544, Aphr) [1; egr.] ; 67128.41-42 (457, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67129.34 (549, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67163.37 (569, Antin) [σῆμα]; III 67300.22 (527, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67301.38 (530, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67303.26 (553, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 67308 .5-6 (526, Aphr) [1; egr.];P.Col. VIII 244.26-27 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; P.Coll.Youtie II 89.27 (485, Herm) [1; egr.]; 90.30 (513, Herm) [1; etel.]; P.Corn.Inv. I 132-133.19 (Vl/VIe, Ox?) [2]: P.David 10.22 (522/3, Ox) [2; etel.]; P.Dubl. 32.22 (512, ArsPol) [3; eprachthe]; 33.25 (513, ArsPol) [3; eprachthe]; P.Edfou I 2.14 (619, Apol) [1; egr.]; 3.25 (619, Apol) [1; diakon., symbol.: egen.]; P.Eirene II 28.30 (577, ArsN) [2]; P.Erl. 68.4 (VII, Herak) [1]; 74.16 (VI, UP) [1; egr.]; P.Euphrates 6.40 (249 Markopolis) [1; ἐγρά(φη) παρὰ Βαλεσῳ νο(μικῷ)]; 9.33 (252, Beth Phuraia) [1; λ(ι)β(ραρίου)]; P.Flor. I 13.30 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 65.26 (570/1, OxN) [2; etel.]; 70.19 (VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; III 279.25 (514, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 281.22 (517, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 286.36 (552, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 299.20 (VI, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 310.21 (420-425, HermN) [1]; III 313.21 (449, Epoikion Iliou) [1; egraph.]; 323.23 (525, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Freer 5.15 (VIl/VIIe, UP) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 6.12 (VIl/VIIe, UP) [1; presbyteros: etel.]; P.Gen. I 15.5 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; symbol.: etel.]; IV 186.37 (473-490, Herm) [1; egr.]; 190.29 (522/3, HermN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 192.26 (532, HerakN) [3; esem.]; 194.27 (556, ArsPol) [2; eprachthe]; P.Grenf. I 57.23 (561, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 58.25 (c. 561, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 60.62 (582?, Apol) [1; egr.]; II 90.28 (VI, Apol) [1; egr.]; P.Hamb. I 68.50 (549/50 or 564/5, Aphr) [1; nomikos, egr.]; III 232.11 (VIf, Aphr) [1; egr.]; IV 265.13 (VIf, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 266.15 (507, HermN) [1; egr.]; P.Harr. I 81.11 (VI, UP) [1; etel.]; P.Heid. IV 330.10 (VI/VII, Ox) [2; etel.]; V 345.18 (VIe, OxN) [2]; 350.42 (612, ArsPol) [2]; 351.28 (534/5, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 352.24 (558, HermN) [1; egr.]; 355.25 (V/VI, HermN) [1]; 356.16 (V/VI, HermN) [1; boethos, egr.]; 357.35 (507, HermN) [1; egr.]; 361.38 (613, ArsPol) [2]; P.Herm. 22.24 (394, Herm) [1; egr.]; 30.27 (552 OxN ?) [1; egr.]; 34.42 (VII, Herm) [1; symbol., egr.]; 57.14 (IV, UP) [1; egr.]; 60.9 (Vl/VIe, UP) [1]; P.Iand. III 44.13 (VI/VII, UP) [1; etel.]; 48.28 (582, Ox) [2; etel.]; 48a.8 (c. 582, Ox) [2; etel.]; P.Jena II 2.24 (477, Herm) [1; egr.]; 17.31 (515?, Herm); P.Köln III 152.26 (477?, ArsN) [2]; 156.21 (582-602, Antin?) [2; egrafe]; X 421.77 (VI Aphr) [1; egr.]; XIV 583.26 (Vf, OxN) [2]; 584.6 (Vf, Ox) [2]; 587.9 (Vf, Ox) [2]; 589.10 (VI, Antin) [1; symbol.]; P.Kramer 15.26-27 (629?, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; P.Laur. I 7.15 (VI, HermN) ?; II 29.17 (VI, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; III 75.37 (574, Ox) [1]; P.Leid.Inst. 66.16 (427, Ox) [2]; P.Lips. I 13.25 (364, Herm) [1; egr.]; 17.32 (377, Herm) [1; egr.]; 25.8 (VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 26.15 (IVb, Herm?) [1; egr.]; 28.28 (381, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Lond. I 77.88 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [1; egen.]; 113.4.28 (595, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; 113.6a.27 (612 or 627, ArsPol) [2]; 113.6b.43 (633, ArsPol) [3]; 113.6c.41 (620 or 635, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; II 483.104 (615/6 ApolHept) [1; egr.]; III 1001.33 (539, HermN) [1; egr.]; 1017.21 (VI, Herm) [1]; 1030.12 (c. 527, Herm) [1; egr.]; 1050.15 (VIl/V, Herm) [1; egr.]; V 1661.29 (553, Aphr); 1689.25 (527, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 1692a.24 (555, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 1692b.26 (556, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 1695.25 (530/1?, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 1696.a.29 (VI, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 1696.b.18 (VIe, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 1722.60 (530, Sy) [1; κεντυρ(ίων) λεγ(εῶνος) Συήνης ἐσ̣ω̣μάτισα]; 1723.29 (577, Sy) [1; ed.: διʼ ἐμοῦ Μάρ]κ̣ου Ἄπ[α] Δ̣ί̣ο̣(υ) στρ(ατιώτου) ἀ[ρ]ιθμοῦ Συήνης ἐ̣[σ]ω̣ματίσθη;]; 1724.88 (578, Sy) [1; diakon: egen.]; 1733.81 (594, Sy) [1; ἀδιούτ(ορος) ἀριθμοῦ Συήνης: egen.]; 1734.31 (578-582, Sy) [1; egr.]; 1735.29 (VIl, Sy?) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 1736.34 (611, Sy) [1]; 1737.27 (613, Sy) [1]; 1764.12 (VI/VII, OxN) [2; etel.]; 1770.27 (547/562, HermN) [1; symbol.]; 1771.16 (VI, HermN) [1; egr.]; 1844.29 (VIe, Aphr) [1]; P.Mert. I 37.18 (373, PtolEu) [1; eprachthe]; P.Mich. XI 611.25 (412, Ox) [2]; XIII 662.80 (615, Aphr) [1; nomikos: σωματίζομαι]; 663.52 (VI, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 664.50 (584/5 or 600/1, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 666.40-41 (615/631/646, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 669.17-18 (529/544, Aphr) [1]?; 670.22 (527, Tanyaithis) [1; egr.]; 671.28 (VIm, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 672.15 (557?, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; XX 813.23 (373, Ox) [1]; 814.20 (373, Ox) [1]; P.Michael. 35.c.4-5 (VI/VII, Ox) [2; etel.]; 40.81 (544/559, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 42A.49 (566, Aphr) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 43.25 (526, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 45.76 (540, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 46.27 (559, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 48.35 (572, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; 52.67 (VI/VII, Aphr) [1]; 54.21 (VI, Aphr) [1]; 55.c.24 (582-602, Aphr) [1]; 57v (VI/VII, Aphr) [1]; 59.12 (VI, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; P.Monts.Roca IV 85.9 (Vm, Ox) [2]; 86.4 (VIII, Herak) [1; symbol.]; P.Münch. I 3.36 (580, Sy) [1; ἐσωματίσθη]; 4.2.58 (581, Sy) [1; ἐσωμάτισα]; 8.50 (c. 540, Sy) [1; ἀδιούτ(ωρ) λεγ(εῶνος) Συήνης ἐσωμάτισα]; 9.111 (585, Sy) [1; ἀπὸ βικ(αρίων): egr.]; 10.29 (586, Sy) [1; egr.]; 11.82 (586, Sy) [1; egr.]; 12.59 (590/1?, Sy) [1; etel.]; 13.84 (594, Sy) [3; stratiotes: egen.]; 15.26 (493, Sy) [1; presbyteros: egr.]; 16.52 (Vl, Sy) [1; presbyteros: egr.]; III 92.11 (V, HermN) [1]; 93.1.8, 2. 24 (V/VI, HermN) [1]; 98.36 (593/4, Ox) [2; etel.]; 100.20 (574, ArsPol) [2]; P.Naqlun II 21.21 (585, Naqlun/Alexandrou Nesos) [1]; 22.20 (623, Eleusine/Naqlun) [1]; 23.19 (c. 590-596, Naqlun) [2; eprachthe]; P.Oxf. 16.21 (VI/VII, HermN) [1; etel.]; P.Oxy. I 102.26 (306, Ox) [2; symbol.: etel.]; 136.49-50 (583, Ox) [3; symbol.: etel.]; 138.47-48 (610/1, Ox) [3; symbol.]; 140.32 (550, Ox) [2; etel.]; VI 913.26 (443, Ox) [2; etel.]; VII 1038.37 (568, Ox) [2; etel.]; 1042.34 (578, Ox/Justinopolis) [2; etel.]; VIII 1129.20 (449, Ox) [2]; 1130.31 (484, Senokomis) [1; egraph]; X 1280.20 (IVl, Ox) [1]; XVI 1890.23 (508, Ox) [1; etel.]; 1891.26 (495, Ox) [2; egr.]; 1892.45 (581, Ox) [2]; 1957.23 (430, Ox) [2]; 1959.23 (499, Ox) [1]; 1961.29 (487, Ox) [2; etel.]; 1968.14 (VI, Ox) [2]; 1970.33 (554, Ox) [2; etel.]; 1973.23 (420, Ox) [2]; 1976.25 (582, Ox) [2; etel.]; 1983.28 (535, Ox) [3; etel.]; XIX 2237.24 (498, Ox) [2; egr.]; XX 2270.21 (V/VI?, Ox) [3; symbol.: etel.]; XLIII 3146.26 (347, Ox) [1; egr.]; XLIX 3512.28 (492, Ox) [1]; L 3599.29 (460, OxN) [2]; LI 3641.26 (544, Ox) [2; diacon]; LVIII 3942.37 (606, Ox) [2]; 3952.59-60 (610, Ox) [3; symbol.: etel.]; 3958.40 (614, Ox) [1; symbol.: etel.]; LXI 4125.37 (322, Ox) [1; egr.]; LXII 4350.20 (576, Ox); LXIII 4394.246-247 (494, Alex) [1; symbol.]; LXVI 4535.41 (600, Ox) [2]; LXXII 4930.27 (614, Ox) [2; etel.]; LXXIII 4967.19 (VIl/VIIe, Ox) [2; etel.]; LXXVII 5123.22 (555, Ox) [2; etel.]; 5124.30 (579-595, Ox) [2; etel.]; LXXXIII 5370.10 (VI, Ox) [2; etel.]; 5380.c.5 (580, Ox) [1]; LXXXIV 5473.b.11-12 (561, Ox) [3; etel.]; 5474.57-58 (617/8, Ox) [3; etel.]; P.Panop. 8.16 (338, PanopN) [1; egr.]; 10.12 (341, PanopN) [1; egr.]; P.Par. 20.43 (600, Panop) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 21.57 (616, This) [1; egr.]; 21 bis.1,34 (592, This) [1; symbol.: egr.]; P.Prag. I 34.b.10 (VI, ArsPol) [1]; 46.31 (522, Antin) [1]; II 156.17 (V, HermN?) [1]; 158.22 (V/VI, Herm) [1; boethos]; 160.20 (VIm, Herm) [1]; 161.15 (Vl/VIe, ArsN?) [2]; 165.11 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; 166.4 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [1; symbol.]; 167.18 (580/595, ArsN) [2]; 168.8 (VI, HermN) [1; symbol., egr.]; 169.12-13 (VI, ArsN?) [2]; III 218.15 (c. 610/1?, ArsN) [2]; P.Rain.Cent. 123.25 (478,. Phebichis) [1; egr.]; 129.5 (630/645, ArsN) [1]; 131.7 (630-645, ArsN) [3]; P.Rein. II 105.16 (432, Ox) [2; etel]; 108.20 (VI, Ox) [2]; P.Ross.Georg. III 33.26 (522, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 36.26 (537, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 51.28-29 (630, ArsPol) [2]; 53.19 (674/5, ArsPol) [2; esem.]; V 37.16 (VIm, Aphr) [1; nomikos: egr.]; P.Sakaon 64.22 (307, Thead) [1; symbol.: ἐ̣π̣ράχ̣θ̣η]; P.Scholl 8.28 (515, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Select. 7.21 (314, Ox) [1; egr.]; 16.22 (V/VI, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Stras. I 1.17 (435, Herm) [1; egr.]; 4.27 (551, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; IV 247.26 (550/1/2, Herm) [1; egr.]; V 338.29 (550, Herm) [1; egr.]; 348.7 (VI, Herm) [1]; 398.28 (553, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 475.21 (507/8 or 522/3, Herm) [1; egr.]; 488.12 (VI, HermN) [1; egr.]; 489.15 (VI, HermN) [1]; 493.19 (c. 525, HermN) [1; boethos: egr.]; VI 600.39 (609/624/654, Herm) [1; symbol.]; VII 658.13 (613-641, Aphr) [1; symbol.]; 659.7 (VI, ArsPol) [1; symbol.]; 696.26 (VI, Herm) [1]; VIII 740.15-16 (VI, Herm) [1]; 757.23 (VIIe, HermN) [1]; 776.13 (IV, HermN?) [1; egr.]; 779.10 (VI, HermN) [1; egraph]; P.Thomas 28.30 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [1; egr.]; P.Upsala 94.21 (408, Ox) [1]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 1.46 (598?, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 4.33 (VIs, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; 5.c.33 (VI, Aphr) [1; tabellio: egr.]; P.Vind.Sijp. 10.24 (V/VI, ArsN) [1; nomikos]; 11.27 (453, Herm) [1; egr.]; P.Vind.Tand. 28.31 (576/7, Herm) [1]; P.Warr. 10.35 (591/2, Ox) [2; etel.]; P.Wisc. I 10.22 (468, Ox) [1]; 11.33-34 (646, Ox) [2; etel.]; P.Worp 30.15 (V/VI, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; P.Yadin 11.32 (scr.ext.) (124, En Gedi) [1; egr.]; 17.43 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza) [1; Θεενας Σίμωνος λιβλάριος ἔγραψα]; 18.73 (128, Maoza) [1; liblarius: egr.]; 21.34 (130, Maoza) [1; liblarius: egr.]; 22.39 (130, Maoza) [1; liblarius: egr.]; P.Yale I 71.22 (456, Ox) [2; etel.]; PSI I 34.23 (VII, Herm) [1; egr.]; 77.38 (551, Ox) [2; egr.]; III 188.16 (540, HermN) [1; egr.]; IV 287.31 (377, Ox) [1]; VI 709.32 (566, Ox) [2; etel.]; VIII 881.14 (VI, OxN) [1]; 882.14 (337, OxN?) [1; egr.]; 934.17 (VI, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 963.33 (579, Ox) [2; etel.]; 964.31 (520/1, 535/6, or 550/1, OxN) [2; etel.]; IX 1056.23-24 (VII, ArsN) [3]; X 1122.35 (VI, OxN) [2; etel.]; XII 1239.29 (430, Antin) [1; egr.]; XIII 1340.25 (420, Petne) [1]; SB I 4489.18-19 (584, ArsN) [3]; 4490.32-33 (641/656, ArsPol) [3; esem.: notarius]; 4491.15-16 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3; esem.]: 4493.13-14 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 4498.27 (VI, ArsPol) [2]; 4504.30 (613, This) [1]; 4505.35 (606, This) [1; egr.]; 4661.23 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; egr.]; 4670.11 (VI, ArsN) [1]; 4675.15 (VI/VII, ArsN) [2; esem.]; 4681.10 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 4683.20 (VI/VII, HermN) [1; egr.]; 4687.11 (VI, ArsN) [1]; 4726.5 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; symbol.]; 4733.9 (VII, ArsN) [1; nomikos]; 4753.16 (523, ArsPol) [2; eprach.]; 4771v.1-5? (IV-VII, ArsN) [2]; 4786.14 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 4822.8-9 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 4833.3 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; symbol.]; 5112.81 (618, Apol) [1; egr.]; 5114.59 (630-640, Apol) [1; diakon., symbol.: egen.]; 5285.43 (607, PanopN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 5286.36 (607, Panop) [1; symbol.,: egr.]; 5690.7-9 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [1; diakon., symbol.: egr.]; IV 7369.30 (512, Herm) [1; egr.]; V 7666.12 (330 PanopN) [1; egr.]; 7758.40 (497 MagdBouk) [1; boeth.: egr.]; VI 8987.51 (644/5, Ox) [3; symbol.: etel.]; 9151.16 (c. 600, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 9154.19 (VII/VIII Herak) [1; symbol.]; 9219.25 (319, Herm) [1; nomik.: etel.]; 9270.24 (337, UP) [1; didaskalos]; 9280.27 (VIs, ArsPol) [1]; 9282.16 (c. 500 HerakN) [1; egr.]; 9294.26 (VI/VII, ArsN) [2; esem.]; 9311.21 (374, Kar) [1]; 9459.20 (VI Ars) [3; etel.]; 9461.30 (632 Boubastos) [3]; 9462.23 (c. 657, HerakN) [1; symbol.]; 9561.34 (590, Ox) [2; etel.]; 9587.42 (405, Herm) [2; etel.]; 9588 (VII, ArsnN) [3]; 9589.20 (VIl, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; 9590.28 (VII, Herak) [symbol.]; 9593.27 (VI/VII, Herak) [1; etel.]; VIII 9769.29 (VII, ArsPol) [1; grammateus]; 9770.15 (511, ArsN) [3; egr.]; 9771.21-22 (VI, Arsinoe) [1; grammateus]; 9772.23 (VI, ArsN?) [1]; 9773.20-21 (540 Herak) [1; etel.]; 9778.20 (VI, ArsN) [1; etel.]; 9876.23 (534 Herak) [3; etel.]; 9931.25 (405, Herm) [1; egr.]; X 10553.12 (VIe, Path) [1; egr.]; XIV 11373.20 (513, Herm) [1; egr.]; 11855.39 (547?, Aphr) [1; nomikos]; 12050.36 (498, Herm) [1; egr.]; 12088.35 (346, Ox) [1]; 12132.22 (VI, Herm) [1; egr.]; XVI 12489.18 (Vm, HermN) [1]; 12492.39 (638, HermN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 12583.30 (500, Ox) [2; etel.]; 12639.29 (VI, ArsN) [1; egr.]; 12864.22 (506, Herm) [1; egr.]; 13037.29 (522/3, HermN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; XVII 13173.121 (629/644, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 13320.116 (613-641, Aphr) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 13584.25 (VIm, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 13585.11 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 13620.18-19 (473, Herm) [1; boethos: egr.]; 13885.29 (547 or 562, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; 13947.23 (507, OxN) [2; etel.]; 13961.5 (630-645, ArsN) [3]; 13962.13 (630-645, ArsN) [1; notarius]; 13964.10 (VIIe, ArsN) [2]; 13997.14 (VIIe, ArsN) [2]; 13999.7 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1]; 14001.28 (486, ArsN) [2]; XX 14969.15 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 15008.29-30 (578, Herak) [3]; 15043 (VI/VII, Herm) [1; symbol.]; 15202.28 (VIf, Aphr) [1; egr.]; XXII 15245.11 (VI, ArsN) [2]; 15729.42 (639, ArsPol) [1; etel.]; XXIV 15959.14 (VIf, Aphr) [1; egr.]; 16189.11 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1]; 16191.11 (VI/VII, Antinoites) [1]; XXVI 16487.9 (VI, HermN) [1]; 16584.8 (VII, Qurnat Mar‘y) [1; egr.]; XXVIII 16857.7-11 (VI, HermN) [1; symbol.: egr.]; 16858.28 (507 ?, Herm) [1; egr.]; 16865.11 (VII, ArsN) [3]; 16909.22 (420, Ox) [2]; 17004.9 (Vm, Ox) [2]; 17014.10 (528/9?, Herak) [2; etel.]; XXX 17338.23-24 (621, ArsPol) [3; notarius]; 17339.33 (630, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; SPP III 96.6 (640/655, ArsPol) [1; symbol.]; 135.8-10 (VI, Tin) [1; symbol.]; 163.7 (VI, Touroubestis/ArsPol) [1; symbol.]; 239.6 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [1; symbol.]; 324.6 (672/687, ArsPol) [1; symbol., egr.]; 422.7-8 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; symbol.]; 443v.7 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1; symbol.]; XX 110.36 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [1; egr.]; 112.5 (VI, ArsN) [1; egr.]; 139.25 (531, ArsPol) [1; eprach.]; 142.25 (543, ArsPol) [2]; 145.14-15 (VIs, ArsPol) [3; esem.]; 148.24 (VI, HerakN) [2]; 219.40-41 (604, ArsPol) [3]; 220.35-36 (618, ArsPol) [3]; 261.18 (570, HermN) [1; symbol.]; 269.23 (VI/VII, UP) [2].
12. Scribal activity
Category: Envelope
The scribe’s activity is systematically recorded in four types of documents: the agoranomic instrument, which records the name of the scribe; the grapheion document, which registers the grapheion where the instrument was subjected to anagraphe; the bank for which the diagraphe is recorded; and finally, in Late Antiquity, the tabellio document. The reader will find a separate entry for each of these clauses in this catalogue.
This entry, therefore, serves as a residual category, referencing all forms of scribal activity not covered by the headings above. Two texts are early Ptolemaic. In a papyrus roll that records abstracts of double documents, published as P.Tebt. III.1 815 (223/2 BCE, Tebtynis), the abstract ends with an account of the scribal fee (misthos). In another early Ptolemaic group, abstracts of double documents from late third-century BCE Theogonis (CPR XVIII), the text is followed by the formulation of ἐγράφη with an account of the month and the regnal year. Cf., e.g., CPR XVIII 1.25 (231 or 206 BCE, Theogonis): ἐγράφη (ἔτους) ιϛ Ὑπερβερεταίου (‘Drafted in the 16th year, month Hyperberetaios’). A simmilar formulation recurs nearly a century later in P.Giss. I 37.2.4-7, 15-19 (after 134 BCE, Pathyris). The verb καταχωρίζω occurs in 12 texts, 5 of which stem from Ptolemais Euergetis and date primarily to the late second and third centuries CE. The clause is usually placed at the end of the document and the verb takes the aorist or perfect tense. Cf., e.g., SB X 10571.31 (194 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): κατ̣ε̣χω(ρίσθη) β (ἔτους) Μεσορ̣ὴ ιε (‘Entered in the records in the 2nd year, Mesore 15’). Following this group are 8 documents in which the verb denoting scribal activity is χρηματίζω. The data are chronologically and regionally diverse.
The verb σεσημείωμαι is attested in twelve texts, most of which were drawn up in the nome capitals. Cf., in particular, CPR I 140.12 (after ca. 221 CE, Arsinoites): Αὐρήλιος Ὡριγένης συσταθ(εὶς) σεση(μείωμαι) χρόν(ου) το(ῦ) α(ὐτοῦ) (‘Ι, Aurelios Horigenes, having been authorized, I have signed at the same time’).
BGU I 183.47 (85, SokN); II 453.18-21 (154, SokN); III 813.1 (II, UP) [διά]; CPR I 27.32 (189, PtolEu) [κατεχω(ρίσθη)]; 29.33 (184, PtolEu) [σεσημείωμαι]; 139.15 ? (II, HerakN or ArsN); 140.12 (c. after 221, ArsN) [σεσημείωμαι]; 203.7-8 (III, ArsN); 204.17 (II, ArsN) [τελειόω]; 225.5-6 (231/2, Herak) [σεσημείωμαι]; XVIII 1.25 (231A/206A, Theogonis) [ἐγράφη]; 4.90 (231A/206A, Theogonis) [ἐγράφη]; 7.151 (232A/207A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 8.173 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 11.236 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 12.258 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha) [ἐγράφη]; 13.278 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 14.297 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 16.347 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 18.390 (231A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 20.432 (231A/206A, Dikaiou Nesos) [ἐγράφη]; 24.45 (232A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 25.60 (after 232A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; 27.96 (after 232A/206A, Theog) [ἐγράφη]; P.Bad. II 22.15-16 (126, Alex) [καταχωρίζω]; IV 86.43 (99, Hibeh) [καταχωρίζω]; P.Bodl. I 32.15-16 (c. 240, Oasis Magna) [χρηματιστὴς κεχρημάτικα[; P.Corn. 12.42? (283, Antin); P.Dura 30v.5 (232, Qatna) [signavi[; P.Euphrates 6.29-31 (249, Markopolis) [καταχωρίζω[; 10.25-26 (250, Karrhai) [ἐγράφη[; P.Flor. III 380.7 (203/4, Herm) [σεσημείωμαι[; P.Freib. II 8.31 (144, UP) [καταχωρίζω[; III 12b.18 ? (172A-162A, UP) [διά]; P.Giss. I 37.2.4-7, 15-19 (after 134A, Path) ]ἐγράφη[; P.Hamb. I 15.22 (209, PtolEu) ]καταχωρίζω[; III 220.17 (223/4, PtolEu?) ]καταχωρίζω[; P.Louvre I 17.20 (II SokN) ]γέγραφεν[; II 113b.7.b.7 (159, ArsN) ]ἐγράφη[; P.Mich. III 191.27-32 [with no. 192] (60, Ox) ]χρηματίζω[; V 333.1 (52, Teb) ]καταχωρίζω[; XII 636.1 (302, PtolEu) ]καταχωρίζω[; P.Oslo II 41.30 (331, Ox) ]σεσημείωμαι[; P.Oxy. III 494.44 (156, Ox) [ed.: [παρ]ετέθη;]; 501.52 (186, Ox) [σεσημείωμαι]; IX 1205.13-14 (291, Ox) [ἐπράχθη]; X 1279.31 (139, Ox) [διά]; 1281.15 (21, Sinary) [χρηματίζω]; XVII 2137.1 (226, Episemou Epoikion) [χρηματίζω]; XLI 2973.33 (103, Ox) [καταχωρίζω]; L 3597.40 (260, Ox) [σεσημείωμαι]; P.Palau Rib. 10.7 (II, Ox) [ed.: διὰ λαογρ(άφου) δ̣ι̣α̣ς̣[ ̣ ̣] ̣ ̣ ̣;]; P.Princ. III 142.15 (I/II, Teb?); P.Ryl. II 153.4 (169, Herm) [ed.: Ἀρτεμίδωρος β̣[οη(θὸς)] καὶ ὑπ(ηρέτης) βιβλ(ιοθήκης) Ἑρμοπ(ολίτου);]; IV 582.24-26 (42a, OxN) [διά]; P.Sakaon 59.1,19 (305, PtolEu) [καταχωρίζω]; P.Stras. V 382.13 (94, HermN); VII 670.8 (III Alex) [σεσημείωμαι]; P.Tebt. III.1 815.ar.2.35-46 l. 46 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; br.2.1.1-8 l. 7 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; br.2.17-24 ll. 22 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; br.2.31-36 l. 36 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; br.2.48-51 l. 51 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; cv.1.25-34 l. 32 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; cv.1.36-41 l. 41 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.dr.1.23-29 l. 29 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.dr.1.30-37 l. 37 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.dr.38-45 l. 43 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.dr.1.46-54 l. 54 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.er.2-9 l. 9 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.er.10-27 l. 27 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.fr.6-12 l. 12 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.gr.28-33 l. 33 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.gr.34-40 l. 40 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.gr.41-45 l. 45 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.hr.2.1-14 l. 14 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.i.2.26-36 ll. 35-36 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; 815.i.2.37-41 l. 41 (223/2A, Teb) [misthos]; P.Wisc. II 58.22 (298, PtolEu) [χρηματίζω]; PSI IX 1019.15 (110a, PathN); XIII 1319.1.36 (76, SokN); XV 1546.1-27 l. 27 (222, HerakN) [σεσημείωμαι]; SB III 6304.10-11 (151, Ravenna); VI 8974.46 (IbA, Bousiris) [χρηματίζω]; 9216.6 (285, Herm) [σεσημείωμαι]; 9618.28-29 (192, PtolEu) [χρηματίζω]; X 10571.31 (194, PtolEu) [καταχωρίζω]; 10728.26 (318, Ox) [διά]; XIV 11407 recto (98a, ArsN) [χρηματίζω]; XXII 15472.28-29 (134, PtolEu) [σεσημείωμαι]; XXIV 16002.1 (186-190, Kar) [σεσημείωμαι]; XXX 17488.15-17 (154, Mesobe) [ed.: ἐ̣[πι]τ̣η̣ρητ( ) τέλο(υς) συναλ(λαγμάτων);]; SPP XX 10.25 (168, ArsN) [καταχωρίζω].
Section II. Subscriptions
1. Hypographeus
Category: Envelope
The hypographeus is a literate bystander, attested with that name exclusively in documents from the Arsinoite grapheia of the Roman period (see, however, P.Oxy. VI 911.6-9: 233 or 265, CE Oxyrhynchos), who writes the hypographe for an illiterate or slow-writing party. The hypographeus is reccorded twice in the document: at the end of the body of the document, where the scribe records his name, along with key identifying details—typically age, scars, and moles—in the Arsinoite grapheia of the Roman period. The hypographeus then composes the hypographe, which concludes with the egrapsen clause. The hypographeus clause may also indicate the reason for engaging the hypographeus, viz., illiteracy or semi-literacy of the contracting parties. Cf., e.g., CPR I 29.20-24 (184 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): ὑπογρα|21φεῖς το[ῦ μ]ὲν Ἁρποκρατίωνος φαμένου μὴ εἰδέναι | 22 γράμματα Δίδυμος Ἥρωνος ὡς ἐτῶν τριά[κον]τα | 23 ἓξ ἄσημος, τῆς δὲ Ἰσιδώρας καὶ τοῦ κυρίου ὁμ[ο]ίως | 24 ἀγραμμάτου Πτολλᾶς Διδᾶ ὡς (ἐτῶν) μβ ἄσημος (‘Hypographeis, on the one hand of Harpokration, who claimed that he does not know letters, Didymos son of Heron, age approximately thirty-six, with no distinguishing marks, and of Isidora and her kyrios, equally illiterate, Ptolas son of Didas, age approximately 42, with no distinguishing marks’). The term hypographeus may be followed by the genitive of the name of the party assisted, or by his contractual role (viz. ὑπογραφεὺς τῶν δεδανεισμένων etc.). The use of the dative (ὑπογραφεὺς τῇ ὁμολουγίᾳ) is rarer.
Bibl.: Woeß (1924): 299-300; Youtie (1975a): 101-108; (1975b): 209-212; Wolff (1978): 164; Yiftach (2016): 269-281.
BGU I 77.18-19 (169-175, Kar); 86.32 (155, SokN); 183.10-26 ll. 27-28 (85, SokN); 339.25? (128, Kar); 350.17-18 (103-115, Nilopolis); II 446.19 (169-177, Herakleia?) [βραδέα γραφούσης]; 526.23-26 (86, SokN); 538.24-27 (100, Nilopolis); 636.23-26 (20, Kar); 667.19-20 (222, PtolEu); III 713.28-29 (42, SokN); 834.25 (125, Boubastos); 856.23-24 (106, Psenyris); 906.11 (34/5, ArsN); 910.2.27-29 (70, SokN); 912.31-34 (33, SokN); 916.34-38 (69-79, Herakleides Meris); 987.17-18 (19/45, ArsN); IV 1013.21-22 (41-68, ArsN); 1014.20 (138, Teb); 1045.2.3-6 (154, Alabanthis?); XI 2042.21? (105, SokN); 2044.a.28-29 (46, SokN); 2045.21- (215, Thead); 2046.5-8 (II, Herakleia); 2051.22 (126-128/147-149, ArsN); 2054.19 (184-192, PtolEu); 2055.23 (II, Nilopolis); XIII 2330.19-21 (89, SokN); XV 2477.4-6 (I, ArsN); 2478.18 (90-96, Kar); 2481.22 (138-161, Themistos Meris); CPR I 4.29-30 (52, Herakleia); 11.30-32 (108, PtolEu); 29.20-24 (184, PtolEu) [φαμένου μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα]; 154.3 (179, ArsN) ?; 187.16 (145, PtolEu); 188.27-28 (106/7, ArsN); 240.36-37 (126, SokN); P.Alex. 7.19 (113, Dionysias); 9.7-8 (I, ArsN?) [ὁ ὑπογράφων]; P.Athen. 14.32-33 (22, Phil); 21.22 (131, Kar); 22.32 (103/122, ArsN); 23.24-25 (82, Thead); 25.14-15 (61, Kar); 27.23 (150, Kar); P.Bas. 7.25 (117-138, ArsN) [kyrios]; II 28.10-11 (II, ArsN); P.Batav. 10.29 (136, Bac); P.Bingen 59.22-24 (33, Teb); 60.16 (46, PtolEu); P.Bour. 14.28-29 (126, ArsN); P.Brook. 7.18-19 (152, SokN); P.Dime III 8GH.14-15 (23, SokN); 14GH.12 (29, SokN); 28GH.16-17 (55, SokN); 35GH.7-8 (41, SokN); 38GH.9-10 (42, SokN); P.Fam.Tebt. 2.20-21 (92, Teb); 4.22-24 (94, Teb); P.Fay. 91.33-34 (99, Euh); P.Flor. I 22.24-25 (177, PtolEu); 51.10-14, l. 14 (138-161, ArsN); P.Freib. II 10.10-11 (196, PtolEu) [φαμένων μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα]; P.FuadUniv. 19.2? (145/6, UP); P.Grenf. II 46.17-19 (137, KerkArs); P.Hamb. I 15.16-21 (209, PtolEu); 38.20-37 (182, Letopolites); 71.24-26 (149, Phil); III 218.14-15 (29/30, Ox); P.Ifao I 1.29-30 (27, Teb); 22; P.Kell. I 36.13-16 (308, Kellis); P.Köln XV 614.20-22 (138-160, Stratonos); P.Kron. 9.21 (111, Teb); 10.24 (116, Teb); 15.8 (116/7 or 135/6, Teb); 16.34 (138, Teb); 17.27-28 (140, Teb); 20.26-27 (146, Teb); 23.8-9 (II, Teb); 38.21-22 (137, Teb); 48.25-27 (35, Teb); P.Leid.Inst. 25.12-14 (95/6, ArsN); P.Lips. II 130.22-24 (16, Teb); P.Lond. II 140.26 (69-79, ArsN); 154.27 (68, Kar); 282.20-24? (69, ArsN); 298.22-24 (124, PtolEu); 311.18 (149, Herakleia); 466.20-21 (143, KerkArs); P.Louvre I 7.16-20 (41-54, SokN) [ed.: [ὑπογραφεὺς τῇ ὁμο]λουγίᾳ;]; 9.37-38 (48, SokN); 10.2-4 (Ie, SokN) [kyrios]; 11.20-21 (26-33, SokN); 13.17-20 (29, SokN); 14.18-20 (44, SokN); 17.19 (II, SokN); II 109.14-15 (123/4 or 136/7, ArsN?); P.Mert. I 10.26-27 (21, Phil); III 110r.24 (154, Teb); P.Meyer 7.26-28 (130, Polydeukia); 13.17-19 (141, Apias); P.Mich. II 121r.2.2.10-11 (42, Teb); 121r.2.8.2-3 (42, Teb); 121r.4.1.4 (42, Teb); 121r.4.3.1 (42, Teb); 121r.4.4.2 (42, Teb); 126.27-28 (46-49, Teb); III 186.30 (72, Bac); 187.31-33 (75, Bac); 188.18-19 (120, Bac); 189.21-23 (123, Bac); V 241.1-14, ll. 13-14 (46, Teb); 241.24-38 l. 38 (46, Teb); 241.39-45, ll. 44-45 (46, Teb); 251.36-38 (19, Talithis); 259.19-20 (33, Teb); 263.22-23 (35/6, Teb); 264.16-18 (37, ArsN); 273 lower margin (46, ArsN); 310.18 (26/7, ArsN); 311.24-26 (34, Talei); 312.44-45 (34, Talei); 322a.37 (46, Teb); 323.28-29 (47, Teb); 333.27 (52, Teb); 348.27-28 (26, Teb); 380.30-34 (67, Teb); VI 428.12 (154, Kar); IX 550.20 (99, Kar); 551.22-24 (103, KerkArs); 555.22 [wt. no. 556] (107, Kar); 559.3-5 (IIe, Kar); 563.22 (128/9, Kar); 566.20-23 (86, Hiera Nesos); X 584.32-33 (84, Bac) [ed.: ὁ δὲ Ἑρμᾶς ἰδίᾳ γράφω(ν);]; 585.23-24 (87, Bac); 586.18-19 (c. 30, Teb); 587.38 (24/5, Teb); XI 605.16-17 (117, Bac); XII 633.32 (c. 30, Teb); 634.24 (25/6, Teb); 635.24-26 (71, Bac) [κύριος]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 71.15 (172-175, PtolEu); 78.20-21 (138/9, Teb); 99.18 (119, Teb); P.Monts.Roca IV 79.15-16 (37-69, SokN); P.Münch. III 80.28 (103-114, SokN); P.Oslo II 31.25-26 (138-161?, UP); P.Oxf. 10.30-31 (98-117, Thead); P.Rein. I 42.15 (I/II, Thead); P.Ross.Georg. II 15.23-27? (98-102, ArsN); P.Ryl. II 154.35-36 (66, Bac); 160.12-13 (28/9, SokN); 160a.16 (15-36, SokN); 160c.2.26-30 (32, SokN); 160d.2.21-24 (42, SokN); 161.20-21 (81, SokN); 173a.20-21 (99, Teb); 179.24-26 (127, Nilopolis); 312.19-20 (82-96, SokN); 313.20-21 (82-96, SokN); P.Sarap. 48.22-24 (123, Akoris); P.Sijp. 44.11? (c. 130, Kar); P.Soter. 27.25-26 (126, Thead); P.Stras. IV 230.21? (143/4, Phil); 289.8-10 (48, UP); V 437.25-26 (121, Bac); VI 504.15-16 (106, KerkArs); 525.23-24? (98-117, Bac); 583.22-23 (115/6, ArsN) [kyrios]; VIII 746.10 (II, ArsN); IX 812.3-8 l. 8 (II, ArsN); 812.15-20 l. 20 (II, ArsN); 886.4-5 (100, SokN); P.Tebt. II 311.29-30 (134, Theog); 380.30-34 (67, Teb); 383.45-47 (46, Teb); 388.24-25 (98, Teb); P.Tebt.Pad. I 19.2-6 (IIb, Teb); P.Tebt.Wall 9.25-26 (33, Teb); P.Vind.Tand. 22.19 (64, Nilopolis); 24.11-12 (45, SokN) [wt. dat.]; 25.12-13 (51, SokN); 26.20 (143, SokN) [ed.: ὑπογρ(αφεὺς) ὁ ἐπιγρ(αψάμενος) αὐτῆ̣ς̣ κύ̣[ριος] καὶ Αἰγύπτια γρ(άμματα) καὶ [- ca.22 -];]; P.Warr. 11.19-20 (98, Karanis); PSI VIII 879.16-17 (99, Kar); X 1130.17-18 (26, Teb); 1131.28-29 (41, PtolEu); 1142.23 (154, Teb); XIII 1319.1.19-21 (76, SokN) [kyrios]; 1319.2.59-60 (76, SokN) [kyrios]; XIV 1405.19 (133, ArsN); PSI Congr. XX 6.10-13 (41, Teb); SB I 4414.18 (143, Kar); 5247.32-33 (47, SokN); 5252.33-34 (65, Nilopolis); V 7535.22-24 (198/9, PtolEu) [ὑπογραφεὺς τῶν ὁμολογούντων φαμένων μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα]; 7559.15 (118, Teb); VI 9110.26-28 (26, Teb); 9377.13 (138, Teb); 9575.12 (II, UP); VIII 9642.1.16-17 (c. 112, Teb); 9642.5.21 (139-161, Teb)?; 9642.6.17 (c. 133, Teb); X 10538.22 (130, Teb); XIV 11600.25-26 (91-96, Bac?); 11843.22 (95, Teb); 11895.9-10 (45, SokN); 12192.1-2 (92/108, Teb); XVI 12334.6-22 ll. 21-22 (IIl, Phil); 12559.21 (155, KerkArs); 12957.20-21 (103-114, SokN); XVIII 13579.9 (23, SokN) [ed.: ὑπογραφεὺς τῆς ἀποστα[σίου συγγραφῆς -ca.?- ;]; 13866.17 (138-161?, SokN); XXII 15345.12 (116, Teb); 15472.19-20 (134, PtolEu); XXIV 13897.18-19 (111, Teb); 16001.18-19 (168, Karanis); XXVIII 16904.19-21 (90, SokN); SPP IV pp. 116–117, ll. 27-28 (109/10, Euh); XX 1.23 (83/4, PtolEu); 50.21 (168/9, Aphrodite Berenike); XXII 40.28-29 (150, SokN); 83.19 (146-156, SokN); 173.24-26 (40, SokN).
2. Hypographe
Category: Envelope
The hypographe, as defined in this entry, is a certification by the party whose activity or acknowledgment is recorded in the creation clause (Autographic certifications by a silent party or a third person are treated in the following entries: tacit parties—acknowledgement of lessor, lessee, vendor, purchaser, lender, borrower, employer, employee, gegone eis eme. Others: witnesses, surety, eudokesis).
The hypographe is one of the most frequently occurring types of clauses in Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine Egypt. While occasionally attested in the third century BCE, it becomes routine only in the second century BCE when it is inserted into the text of double documents (P.Tebt. III.1 819.46: 171 BCE, Oxyrhyncha) and is then regularly employed in all common types of formats, used by different scribes in Ptolemaic, Roman and Byzantine periods: the agoranomic instrument (134 occurrences), the cheirographon (236), the grapheion document (352), the hypomnema (245), the private protocol (88) and finally, in the Byzantine period, the new cheirographon composed by the tabelliones (429).
In principle, the parties are expected to add their certification autographically: if they cannot, then a third person—commonly titled hypographeus in grapheion documents in the early Roman context—writes the text on their behalf (cf. ‘hypographeus’). Certification that the hypographe was not composed by the contracting party and a statement concerning the reasons for this are both indispensable. In addition, if the party is illiterate, another method may be invoked: a brief description of their physical traits. This method is commonly applied in hypomnemata, sometimes with illiteracy specified as the reason for that description (cf., personal description).
The hypographe generally recapitulates the key terms of the contract, in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods first and foremost the very act that elicited the contract (in particular: sale, lease, or loan). However, the hypographe regularly records additional key terms; in loans, the obligation of the debtor to repay the loan, in sales, the receipt of consideration by the vendor and his obligation to protect (bebaiosis) the purchaser’s possession. The distinction made in the list of documents is among very extensive [VExt.], extensive [Ext.], and simple description [Sim.]. Simple descriptions are those with just one verb, extensive ones invoke two verbs or more, and very extensive descriptions give a detailed account of all the terms of the contract. Simple descriptions appear in 486 texts, most but not all being leases. Cf., e.g., BGU II 606.20-21 (306 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): Αὐρήλιος Σαραπίων μεμίσθωμαι̣ | 21 ὡς πρόκιται (‘I, Aurelios Sarapion, have leased as stated above…’). Extensive accounts occur in 668 documents; in most of them, however the text is still quite short, as in the case of the hypographe of sale documents that report the act of sale, the receipt of the money, and the bebaiosis. Cf., e.g., P.Mert. I 19.11-14 (173 CE, Oxyrhynchos): Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ προγεγραμμέ|12νος ἔσχον τὰς συμπεφωνημένας ὑπὲρ | 13 τιμῆς τοῦ πάκτ̣[ω]ν̣ος δραχμὰς διακοσίας | 14 καὶ ‹βε›βαιώσω ὡς π̣[ρόκειτ]αι (‘I, the aforesaid Apollonios, have received the covenanted price of the boat, two hundred drachms, and I will warrant the foregoing’). Very extensive descriptions occur in 185 texts and are predominantly Arsinoite. See further below.
The wording frequently differs from that used in the body of the text. The hypographe is a later clause, not regularly used until the early second century BCE [on the circumstances of its introduction cf. Pestman (1985): 22-23]. Thus it may be used to introduce a new vocabulary still absent in the body of the text at that time. In particular, in key types of documents, while in the body of the document the scribe still employs in the Ptolemaic period the protocol style, the hypographe takes the form of a homologia, describing the contract from the point of view of the obligor (viz., the borrower, lessee). These changes eventually affect the body of the document as well:
In the loan contract, which in the Ptolemaic period (and in some early Roman documents) records the act of loan by the lender (ἐδάνεισεν) [act of loan: Type1], reports in the hypographe the receipt of the loan by the borrower. The verb commonly used in these cases is ἔχω or ἀπέχω. This formulation enters the body of the document itself and supersedes the older one by the end of the second century CE (see below, the act of loan: [Type2]).
In leases, scribes originally report the transaction in the creation clause in the indicative aorist: ἐμίσθωσεν [act of leasing: Type1]. This is generally the case in the Ptolemaic period and is predominately the case in documents from the Roman grapheia, agoranomeia, and those in the ‘private protocol’ format. In the hypographe, the verb μισθόω also occurs and continues to do so in the Roman and Byzantine periods. The change is primarily in the tense: in the hypographe, the lessor or the lessee invokes the perfect, with a description of the lease, in the first person (μεμίσθωκα, ὁμολογῶ μεμιθωκέναι, μεμίσθωμαι or ὁμολογῶ μεμισθῶσθαι). In the Roman period, the formulation of the hypomnema appears in the Arsinoite nome: in the creation clause, the verb of request, βούλομαι and later ἐπιδέχομαι, is followed by the infinitive aorist. This change does not affect the hypographe, which seems to abide by the perfect tense regardless of the clause in which the lease is recorded in the body of the text (e.g., P.Mich. IX 564.5 and 20: 150 CE, Karanis), as is the case in the remaining Greek evidence from Egypt. Finally, in the Byzantine period, the formulation of the body of the document catches up with the hypographe, the text now being formulated as homologia + inf.perf.; the verbal conformity between the body of the text and the hypographe is now complete (cf., e.g., P.Lond. V 1695: 530/1 CE?, Aphrodite).
Ptolemaic sales remain a mystery, for in the Ptolemaic period they are predominantly recorded as agoranomic katagraphai, which like contemporary leases and loans, are laid out in the protocol style: ἀπέδοτο, ἐπρίατο. These documents contain no hypographai. There is, however, one fragmentary papyrus, P.NYU II 14 (II BCE?, Aphroditopolites), that does exhibit a hypographe with the formulation Ὧρος ὁμολογῶ πεπρακένα̣[ι (l. 11). The same wording appears later in the Roman period in documents composed outside the agoranomeia, where, at that time, the formulation ὁμολογῶ πεπρακέναι seems universal. So, with all due caution, one may assume the same development in sale contracts as is evident in contemporaneous loans.
In the Roman period, we witness fluctuation between protocol style and the homologia. In as much as the body of the document is concerned, we may sketch the historical outlines of this process as a gradual movement from the former to the latter. In the case of the hypographe, the picture is to some extent the opposite. Having registered both the cases of subjective formulation (i.e., those introduced by the verb ὁμολογέω) [below: S] and those in which the hypographe is objectively formulated [O], the latter outnumber the former by a ratio of roughly 5 to 1 [1066:209]. Plotting the documents by their length categories—simple, extensive, and very extensive [OSim, OExt, OVExt, SSim, SExt, SVExt]—we note that in both the simple and the extensive formulations the objective wording outnumbers the subjective by an even wider margin (992 to 114). Only in the case of the very extensive formulation is the picture different: here the number of hypographai expressed subjectively is 85 and only 67 are articulated objectively. The very extensive subjective formulation is particularly well attested in the Arsinoite source material of the first two centuries CE and must derive at least partly from the custom of adding a detailed Greek hypographe to Demotic documents. Cf., e.g., P.Kron. 48.28-44 (35 CE, Tebtynis): Χεῶς Ἁρμιυσις (l. Ἁρμιύσιος) ὁμολογῶ{ι} πεπρακέναι Μι|29εῦτι Πομσαεις (l. Πομσάειος) τὴν ὑπαρχουσιν (l. ὑπάρχουσάν) μοι μητρικὴ||30ν {ε}ἱερὰν) γῆν ἀρούρας τρῖς ἢ ὅσον ἐὰν ὦσιν | 31 καὶ τὰ συνκύροντα πάντα ἐν Τεβτύνι, | 32 ὧν γ‹ε›ίτονες νότου Ὀρσενούφις Ὀρσενούφι‹o›ς Ἀνχιοῦτος ‹κλῆρος›, | 33 βορρᾶ Ὑλλ̣ω̣ι̣ (l. Ὕλλου) ‹κλῆρος›, λιβὸς κυτης (l. κοίτη), ἀπηλιώτου πρώ|τερον (l. πρότερον) Ψοσνεῦτος Ταπεσούρι‹o›ς κλήρου (l. κλῆρος). καὶ | 35 ἀπέχωι {καὶ ἀπέχωι} τὴν τιμὴν ἐκ πλή|36ρους καὶ βεβαιώσω{ι} ἀπὸ δημοσίων πάντων̣ καὶ | 37 ἀρταβίας καὶ ναυβίου καὶ παντὸς εἴδους τῶν | 38 ἐπι (l. ἐκ) τῶν ἐπανο (l. ἐπάνω) χρονου (l. χρόνων) μέχρι τοῦ διελη|39λυθότο[ς] ἑνὸς καὶ εἰκοσ[το]ῦ̣ ἔτους καὶ αὐτοῦ | 40 τοῦ ἑνὸ[ς] καὶ εἰκοστοῦ ἔτ[ους] Τιβερίου Καίσαρος | 41 Σεβαστοῦ. εὐδοκ‹ε›ῖ ἡ μήτ̣[ηρ] μου Θαῆσις Ψοσ|42νεῦτο̣ς̣ καθ̣[ὼ]ς̣ πρόκ̣ιται. ἔγ[ρα]ψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶ̣ν̣ | 43 Ὀρσεῦς δι[ὰ] τὸ μὴ εἰδένα[ι αὐ]τοὺς γράμματα (‘I, Cheos, son of Harmiysis, acknowledge that I have sold to Mieus, son of Pomsais (elsewhere in the papyrus: Phomsais), the sacred land belonging to me by inheritance from my mother, three arourai or as many as there may be, and all the appurtenances in Tebtynis; the neighbors being on the south (the allotment of) Orsenouphis, son of Anchious, on the north (the allotment of) Hyllos, on the west the quarters, (and) on the east the allotment formerly belonging to Psosneus, son of Tapesouris. And I have received {and I have received} the price in full and guarantee the sale against all public debts and from the artab tax and naubion tax, and from every impost for former times up to the past twenty-first year and for the past twenty-first year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus. My mother, Thaesis, daughter of Psosneus, consents as aforesaid. Orseus wrote for them because they are illiterate’).
The hypographe exhibits some uniformity in regard to tense: the verb πιπράσκω always appears in the perfect tense, both in the indicative and the infinitive. This is mostly the case with μισθόω as well: very rarely in the aorist, ordinarily in the perfect. In loans, the perfect (ἔσχηκα) seldom occurs before the third century. To denote the receipt and possession of the loan, scribes regularly use—in roughly equal numbers—the present ἔχω or ἀπέχω and the aorist ἔσχον or ἀπέσχον. For other verbs that denote other acts of contracting the usage fluctuates: in the case of παραχωρέω, for example, the hypographe features the aorist (παρεχώρησα) and the perfectum (παρακεχώρηκα) alike.
The hypographe commonly records a past act: sale and payment of the consideration, the act of lease and the act of loan. It does occasionally report also future obligations: most frequent is the bebaiosis in sale, the payment of the interest and return of the debt in loan, and the payment of the rent and return of the object in lease (see below, Ext and VExt phrasing). These would always be recorded in the future tense, sometimes in the infinitive embedded into a homologia. But the additional terms never become indispensable. The hypographe is heavily cross-referential to the body of the document: accordingly, the adjectives προγεργραμμένος and προκείμενος are extremely common, as is the formula καθὼς πρόκειται. Cf. also the formula ἐπὶ πᾶσι τοῖς προκιμένοις.
As stated, in the hypographe one of the contracting parties recapitulates the key contractual acts. Such is done frequently down to the end of the Byzantine period. At the same time, a different concept already makes its appearance in the Roman period: the declaring party (or his contractual counterpart) affirms that he or she has drawn up the document: πεποίημαι τὴν διαθήκην, διαίρεσιν etc. (below: BEth, BPepo). In the Byzantine period, this form of confirmation culminates in standard wording: ἐθέμην ταύτην τὴν ἀποχήν vel sim. (BEth). Alternatively, the hypographe records the obligor’s consent to the terms of the contract. In the oldest attestation of this, from the late first-century Oxyrhynchite nome, the scribe employs for this purpose the eudokesis, otherwise used to express the approval of another person (e.g., SB XX 14300, 324 Oxyrhynchites ll. 24-25). Farther along, in the Byzantine period, one regularly applies two new formulae: στοiχεῖ and συμφωνεῖ μοι, the subject being the terms of the transaction (below BSt (181); BSymph (63)). The earliest text, P.Grenf. I 54.23-24, stems from 378 CE Arsinoites, followed by handful of fifth century texts. It does become routine only in the sixth century. In broader historical terms, the change highlights the shift from the physical act to the party’s will as the key element that calls forth the contract. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XVI 1890.18-21 (508 CE, Oxyrhynchos): Αὐρήλιοι Ἀπφο̣υ̣[ᾶ]ς̣ ὁ καὶ Καταμίνας υἱὸς Πιοῦτος (l. Πι‹η›οῦτος) μητρὸς Ὀλυμπιανῆς καὶ ὁ τούτου υἱὸς Ἀβραὰμ ἐκ μητρὸς Ἡραείδος οἱ προγεγραμμένοι | 19 κριβανῖς (l. κριβανεῖς) καὶ μ[υ]λόναρχη (l. μ[υ]λώναρχοι) πεποιήμεθα ἐξ ἀλ‹λ›ηλε[γ]γύης τήνδε τὴν μίσθωσιν τοῦ εἰρημέν[ο]υ μυλοκριβανίου καὶ τῶν προγεγραμ|20μένων ἐν αὐτῷ πάντων πραγμάτων κ[α]ὶ δικαιωμάτων, καὶ ἀποδώσομεν ἐξ ἀλληλεγγύης τὸ[ν] προκείμενον τρόπον καὶ συνφων‹ε›ῖ \ἡ/μῖν | 21 πάντα τὰ ἐγγεγραμμένα ὡς πρόκειται, καὶ ἐπερωτηθέντες ὡμολογήσαμεν (‘We, Aurelius Aphouas also called Kataminas, son of Pieous, whose mother is Olympiane, and his son Abraam, whose mother is Herais, the aforesaid bakers and master-millers, have on our mutual surety made this lease of said bakery and all the aforesaid objects and properties therein, and we will return them on our mutual surety in the aforesaid manner and agree to all terms of the deed as stated above, and in answer to the formal question we have given our consent’) (translation with some modifications: Sel.Pap. 2., p. 147). Cf. also CJ. 4.21.17; 8.17 (18).11; Inst.3.23pr.
Bibl.: Gradenwitz (1900): 146-150; Kübler (1933): 65-66; Wolff (1946): 55-56; (1978): 164-166; Hässler (1960): 98-115; Kränzlein (1982): 315-323; (1997): 403-407; Rupprecht (1995b): 49; Depauw (2003): 80-81, 85-86, 98, 102-103; Muhs (2005): 96-97; Kovarik (2014): 140-154.
BEth: ἐθέμην ταύτην τὴν πρᾶσιν vel sim.; BPepo: πεποίημαι τὴν ὁμολογίαν vel sim.; BSymph.: συμφωνεῖ μοι πάντα τὰ ἐνγεγραμμένα ὡς πρόκιται vel sim.; BSt.: στοιχεῖ μοι τοῦτο τὸ ἀσφαλές vel sim. OExt: Objective extensive: two verbs or more; OSim: Objective simple text: one verb; OVExt: Objective very extensive text: a detailed account of the terms of the contract SExt: Subjective extensive text: two verbs or more SSim: Subjective simple text: one verb SVExt: Subjective very extenseive text: a detailed account of the terms of the contract
BGU I 3.25-28 (605, ArsPol) [labour, BSt?: homologia]; 39.23-26 (186, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 69.22-24 (120, ArsN) [credit, OSim]; 77.19-23 (169-175, Kar) [credit, SExt]; 86.32-38 (155, SokN) [will, SVExt]; 87.21-32 (144, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 94.22-27 (289, PtolEu) [sale, OExt with stipulatio]; 153.29-38 (152, Dionysias) [sale, SVExt]; 179.24-28 (138-161, ArsN) [credit, OExt2]; 183.26-47 (85, SokN) [marriage, SVExt]; 228.9-10 (II, ArsN) [sale, OSim]; 234.20-25 (142, Kar) [diairesis, OExt]; 238.b+c.7-10 (II/III, ArsN) [credit, OExt2]; 300.20-21 (148, ArsN) [labour, OExt2]; 303.21-25 (586, ArsPol) [lease, OExt2]; 304.23-25 (641, Herak) [labour, BSt]; 308.14-17 (IV-VII, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 310.24-25 (663?, ArsN) [labour, BSt]; 319.20 (630, Alexandrou Nesos) [labour]; 323.18 (before 651, ArsPol) [labour, BSt]; 339.26-33 (128, Kar) [credit, SExt]; 349.17-19 (313, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 350.17-23 (103-115, Nilopolis) [sale, SVext]; II 364.18-20 (553, ArsPol) [lease, OExt2]; 366.21-22 (645/660, ArsPol) [labour, BSt]; 373.19-22 (298, ArsN) [sale, OExt2]; 427.25-34 (159, SokN) [sale, OExt]; 446.20-25 (169-177, Herakleia?) [sale, OVExt]; 468.22-29 (150, Dionysias) [sale, OExt]; 526.27-39 (86, SokN) [lease, SExt]; 538.29-36 (100, Nilopolis) [lease, OExt]; 543.19-22 (27A, Haueris) [sale, OSim]; 586.30-31 (324, ArsPol) [lease, OSim, bis]; 606.20-22 (306, PtolEu) [lease, OSim]; 636.26-34 (20, Kar) [lease, SExt, earlier transaction]; 667.21-24 (222, PtolEu) [sale, OExt]; III 709.23-31? (138-161, Kar) [sale, OExt]; 719.1-17 passim (81, SokN) [marriage, SExt]; 725.25-27 (618, ArsPol) [credit, BSt]; 726.12 (IV-VII, ArsN); 729.22 (144, Alex)?; 751.7-10 (IV/V, ArsN) [credit, SExt]; 758.20-21 (198?, ArsN) [sale, OSim] (receipt of the consideration); 831.18-20 (201, SokN) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 840.9-11 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, OExt]; 841.8-9 (672/687, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 873.c.8-12 (IV-VI, ArsN) [sale, OExt2]; 887.9-10 (151, Side) [sale, OExt2]; 896.9-11 (161-169, ArsN) [marriage, OExt]; 900.28-29 (582/3, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 901.9-12 (II/III, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 906.13-23 (34/35, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 910.1.12-18 (70, SokN) [sale]; 912.35 (33, SokN) [demotic]; 916.41 (69-79, Herakleides Meris) [demotic]; 917.22-24 (348, PtolEu) [sale, OExt]; 920.41-42 (212, Phil) [lease, OSim]; 940.27-29 (398, Herak) [lease, OExt 2]; 946.5-8 (272, Herak) [lease, OSim]; 987.19-25 (19 or 45, ArsN) [sale, OExt, bilingual]; 990.10-13 (208, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; IV 1013.23-29 (41-68, ArsN) [diairesis, scr.ext.]; 1037.38-42 (48, Kar) [labour, OSim, bis.]; 1045.2.6-20 (154, Alabanthis?) [marriage, scr.ext.]; 1048.25-26 (100/1 or 110/1, ArsN); 1049.24-28, 28-29 (342, PtolEu) [sale, SExt, OSim]; 1062.28-34 (236, Ox) [labour, OSim, with stipulatio, ter]; 1065.18-30 (98, ArsN) [labour, OVExt]; 1091.33-34 (212, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1092.27-29 (372, Herm) [lease, OExt]; 1107.30-33 (before 13a, Alex) [labour, OExt, bis]; 1108.29 (5A, Alex) [wet-nurse, OSim, deleted]; 1145.1-25, ll. 19-22 (5A, Alex) [credit, OSim bis]; 1170.1-24, ll. 17-24 (10A, Alex) [credit, OSim, bis]; 1172.18-19? (9A, Alex)?; VII 1643.18-23 (II, Phil) [sale, S?VExt]; 1650.11-14 (218, Phil) [credit, Ext.]?; 1652.25-27 (212, Phil); 1653.10-16 (212, Phil) [credit, SExt2]; 1654.26 (98-117, PtolEu)?; 1662.13-20, ll. 17-19 (182, PtolEu) [SExt2]; XI 2032.18-21 (113, PtolEu) [lease, OSim, συνεπιδέδωκα]; 2042.25-29 (105, SokN); 2046.5-8 (II, Herakleia) [credit, OExt2]; 2049.16-19 (II, Herakleia) [sale, OSim2]; 2054.20-21 (184-192, PtolEu); 2112.7-8 (Im, ArsN) [sale, OExt2]; 2116.11-18, 18-20 (25/6, ArsN?) [credit, OExt]; 2118.22-26 (223, Ox) [OExt2 with stipulatio]; 2123.26-30 (85, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; XII 2139.17-18 (432, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2140.17-20 (432, Herm) [credit, OExt2]; 2147.17-19 (464, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2149.24-26 (470, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2151.19-21 (476, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2152.14-16 (512?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2153.20-23 (493?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2155.14-15 (481?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2157.19 (485, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2158.7-8 (485?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2159.16-17 (485, Herm); 2172.22-23 (498?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2175.11-13 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2180.23-27 (504, Herm) [credit, OExt2]; 2181.19-21 (509?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2182.15-17 (510, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2185.17-19 (512?, Herm) [credit, BEthSim]; 2186.13-14 (514?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2197.21-22 (537, Herm) [credit, BSt]; 2198.27-30 (545/560, Herm) [Sale, BEthSim]; 2202.22-24 (c. 565, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2204.27 (574, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2206.30-33 (591-602, Herm)?; 2208.31-35 (614, Herm) [sale, diairesis, BEth]; 2209.28-36 (614, Herm) [sale, B2]; 2210.27-29 (617, Herm) [sale: BEth]; XIII 2332.22-26 (374, PtolEu) [sale, OSim]; XIV 2390.43-44 (160/59A, HerakN) [lease, OExt?]; XV 2477.7-13 (I, Ars) [sale, OExt]; 2478.15-17 (90-96, Kar)?; 2480.22-25 (120?, Kar/Kerkesoucha); 2481.23-30 (138-161, Themistos Meris) [sale, SExt]; 2483.11-15 (205, ArsN) [lease: OSim]; 2484.15 (II, ArsN) [lease, OSim, ἀξιῶ]; 2485.22-23 (209, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; XVII 2675.20-24 (481, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2676.21-24 (500, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2682.29-31 (481, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2685.32-34 (585, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2686.1-5 (V, Ox) [credit; OExt2]; 2687.2-3 (VIb, Herm) [credit, BEthS]; 2689.16-18 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2691.1 (VI, Herm) [Beth: diairesis]; 2693.6-10 (VI/VII, Herm) [sale, Beth: grammation]; 2694.35-39 (608, Herm) [sale, Beth: grammation]; 2695.26-28 (608, Herm) [sale, BEth: grammation]; 2696.37-38 (616, Herm) [labour, OSim, BEth: misthapoche]; 2697.1-4 (VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2698.33-36, 49-59 (VII, Herm) [sale, BEth: prasis, St]; XIX 2804.11-12 (488?, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 2806.2-5 (Vs, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2808.25 (528, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2810.24 (559/60, Herm)?; 2812.11-13 (VI, Herm) [OSim]; 2813.5-7 (V/VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2814.17-19 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2816.16-18 (Vs, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2817.17-19 (500, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2820.17-18 (Vs, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2822.29-32 (526/7, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2823.22-24 (568/9?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 2825.2-4 (VI, HermN) [lease: OExt, with stipulatio]; 2828.12-14 (VIIb, Herm) [labour, BEth: misthapoche]; 2836.13-14 (Vl?, Herm); CPR I 3.15-21 (vendor) (ΙΙΙm, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 4.31-36 (52, Herakleia) [sale, SVEext]; 11.32-36, 36-39 (108, PtolEu) [Diairesis, SExt, bis]; 22.29-36 (158, ArsN) [Marriage, OExt, ekdotes]; 27.23-28, 29-32 (189, PtolEu) [marriage, OExt also of the ekdotes]; 29.25-28 (184, PtolEu) [credit, SExt2]; 64.29-40 (227, Peenamis) [sale, OExt]; 76.33-37 (222-235, HerakN); 103.27-31 (III, HerakN); 104.18-20 (c. 190-192, ArsN) [sale, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 109.13-14 (III, ArsN); 120.10-14 (III, ArsN) [sale, OExt with stipulatio]; 124.5 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OSim]; 127.8-12 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 133.6-10 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 135.5-6 (IIIf, HerakN); 136.4-9 (IIIf, HerakN) [sale, OExt]; 137.2-7, 7-9 (c. 200, HerakN) [sale, OExt] [additional bebaiosis]; 138.7-12 (IIIf, Herak) [sale, OExt]; 139.8-14 (II, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 140.3-10 (c. after 221, HerakN) [sale, OExt]; 141.12-15 (IIIf, Herak) [sale, OExt]; 144.7-12 (IIIf, HerakN) [sale, OExt]; 146.6-7 (II, HerakN); 148.5-7,8 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OSim]; 151.3-4,5-6 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, Ext]; 152.3-7 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 154.4-8 (179, ArsN); 155.2-6 (200, HerakN) [sale, OSim]; 156.10-12 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OSim]; 165.1-4, 5-8 (II, ArsN); 170.22-33 (103-117, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 183.2-6 (IIIf, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 187.17-22 (145, PtolEu) [sale, SExt]; 188.29-34 (106/7, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 190.4-6 (117-138, ArsN?) [sale?, OExt2]; 191.11-13 (after 212, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 193.8-9 (160, ArsN) [credit, OSim]; 198.21-23 (138, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 199.6-10 (III, ArsN) [diairesis: Ext]; 204.14-16 (II, ArsN) [sale, Ext]; 207.27-29 (II, ArsN); 212.2-7 passim (II, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 213.5-10 (II, ArsN) [sale]; 214.6-13 (II, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 216.8-10, 11-12 (no suit) (I/II, SokN) [sale, Ext]; 220.13-16 (I, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 223.26-33 (117-137, PtolEu) [sale, SExt]; 225.1-5 (231/2, Herak) [SExt]; 247.23-24 (335, Herak) [lease, OSim]; V 8.30-31 (320, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 11.21-24 (IVe, UP) [labour, BEth]; VI 1.21-25 (125, PtolEu) [will, OVExt]; 73.34-39, 39-42 (222-235, HerakN) [sale, OExt bis]; VII 14.19-20 (305, Herm) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 30.17-19 (138-161, Nilopolis) ?; 31.1-23, ll. 22-23 (196/7, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 33.31-33 (II, UP) ?; 36.15-19 (331, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 40.23-26 (492, HermN) [credit, OSim]; 43.24 (513, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 44.29-30 (V/VI, UP) [diairesis, BSt]; 45.14-19 (507?, HermN) [sale, OExt]; 47.19-21 (645 HerakN) [sale, BStExt with stipulatio]; 48.11-13 (V, HerakN); 62.35-36 (575, Herak) [lease, BSt: homologia]; 69.15-18 (VI/VII, Herak) [lease, BSt]; 46.14-17 (IV, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 47.13-19 (IV/V, ArsN) [sale, OExt2]; IX 2.2-4 (V/VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 7.9-11 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 8.10-12 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 10.2-4 (VI, HermN)?; 22.2 (Ve/VIb, HermN); 24.2-5 (VIm, HermN) [lease, BEth: misthapoche]; 25.13-17 (Vm, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; 26.27-29 (545/6, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 30.13-16 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 33.23-25 (566, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 38.2 (Vl, HermN) [lease, OSim]; X 23.11-16 (520/1?, ArsPol) [sale, OSim]; 24.6-9 (522/3, ArsPol) [sale, BSymph]; 25.20-23 (526/7?, ArsPol) [sale, BSymph]; 26.10-11 (before 532, ArsPol) [lease, OSim]; 27.12-14 (533, ArsPol) [lease, OSim]; 28.8-9 (VI, ArsPol) [lease, OExt]; 39.21-25 (443, Herak) [sale, OExt2]; 107a.24-32 (396, Ther) [sale, OExt2]; 110.11-15 (407, ArsPol) [credit, OExt 2]; 120.20-22 (523, ArsPol) [sale, BSymph]; XIV 2.19-21 (VIl/VIIe, ArsN) [labour, BSt]; 12.23-28 (450, Herak) [lease, OExt, BSymph]; XV 1.18-20 (eudokesis), 21-22 (3A, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 2.13-18 (11, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; XVIIa 5a.11-12 (316, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 17a.13-14 (321?, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 19.22-25 (321, Herm) [labour, OSim]; XVIIb 11.36-46, ll. 44-46 (217/8?, Panop) [credit, OExt]; 13.7-15 (217/8, Panop) [credit, OVExt]; 14.1-8, ll. 5-8 (217/8, Panop) [credit, OExt]; 17.1-9, ll. 6-9 (217, Panop) [credit]; 17.21-29, ll. 28-29 (217/8, Panop) [credit, OExt]; 18.1-14, ll. 11-14 (217/8, Panop) [sale, OExt]; 18.15-36, ll. 30-36 (217/8, Panop) [credit, OExt]; 25.5-18, ll. 12-18? (217/8, Panop) [credit]; XIX 2.3-5 (336, UP) [lease, OSim]; 31.15-20 (Vs, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; 33.20-26 (591, ArsPol) [labour, BSt: misthosis]; 38.18-22 (560/575, ArsN) [credit, BSymph: grammation]; M.Chr. 362.17-22, 22-25 (221, Herm) [labour, OExt 2]; O.Berenike II 125.14-17 (61, Berenike) [sale, OExt2]; O.Bodl. II 2139.9-10 (V/VI, Thebes) [credit, BSt]; O.Brux. 13.15 (136/7, 157/8 or 180/1, Upper Egypt?) [credit, OSim]; O.Claud. III 432.14-15 (137, Mons Claudianus) [credit, OSim]; 536.7 (c. 147, Mons Claudianus) [credit]; 541.10 (141, Mons Claudianus) [credit, OSim]; 599.5-11 (140-145, Mons Claudianus) [credit, OExt2]; P.Aberd. 53.15-18 (10/1, UP) [diairesis, OSim]; 59.c.6-8 (Vend/VIb, PanopN?) [labour, OExt?]; P.Abinn. 60.31-37 (346, Dionysias) [sale, OSim]; 64.11-20, 20-23 (co-vendor), 23-26 (bebaiosis) (337-350, Alex or Phil) [sale, OVExt]; P.Alex. 7.29-30 (113, Dionysias) [credit, OSim]; 9.9-10 (I, ArsN?) [credit, SExt]; 34.7-11 (IV/V, UP) [credit, OExt2]; 38.3-7 (VI/VII, ApolHept?) [sale, OExt]; P.Alex.Giss. 5.23-24 (215, ArsN) [lease, OExt]; P.Alex. inv. 159.16-17 (I-IV, Phil); P.Amh. II 44.13-15, 35-38 (136A, Philopator alias Theogenous) [credit, OSim]; 85.22-23, 23-24 (78, Herm) [lease, OSim, bis (ἐπιδέδωκα)]; 95.12-14 (109, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 99a.25-30 (179, Herm) [diairesis, OSim, ter]; 102.19-24 (180, PtolEu) [sale, OExt2]; 106.7-8 (281, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 149.20-24 (VI, Ox) [credit, OExt2, BSt]; 150.34-42 (592, Ox) [sale; BPepo: grammation]; 151.20-22 (610-619/629-641, Herm) [credit, BEth: grammation]; P.Amst. I 41.45-83 ll. 66-83 (10A, PtolEu) [labour, OVExt: wet-nurse]; 41.84-126 ll. 105-124 (8A, PtolEu) [labour, SVExt]; 50 passim (III, Ox?) [labour, OExt2]; P.Ant. I 42 29-31 (557, Lenaiou) [sale, BSt]; II 91.14-16 (VI, AntinN?) [labour, BSt]; 104.7-8 (VI, Antin) [credit, BSt]; P.Apoll. 57.8-11 (VIIl, Apol) [lease, BSt: misthosis]; 58.1-3 (c. VII, UP) [credit, BPepo: asphaleia]; P.Athen. 14.35-49 (22, Phil) [lease, OExt]; 20.33-41 (110, AphrN) [wet-nurse, SVExt]; 21.23-30 (131, Kar) [credit, SVExt]; 23.26-29 (82, Thead) [sale, SSim]; 25.16-22 (61, Kar) [sale, SExt]; 27.24-27 (150, Kar) [sale, SSim]; 28.32-33 (86, Thead); 30r.8-17 (178/9, ArsN) [marriage, OExt]; P.Athen.Xyla 8+13.b.13-15 (535, HermN) [credit, OExt2]; 12.6-8 (VI, HermN) [credit, BSt]; 17.8-10 (548/9, HermN?) [credit, OExt2]; 18.6-10 (487/8, HermN) [credit, OExt2]; P.Bad. II 27.14-17 (316, HermN?) [credit, OExt2]; IV 91.1.3-8 (471, Herm?) [lease, OSim]; 91.2.30-32 (471, Herm) [lease, OSim]; VI 170.33-35 (54, Thead) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; P.Bas. 2.14-23 (190, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; 5.13-16 (III, UP) [sale, OSim]; II 53.21-22 (VIm, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Berl.Brash. 14.15 (304, OxN) [sale, OSim]; P.Berl.Cohen 19.15-17 (VI, Terythis) [lease, OSim]; P.Berl.Frisk 5.12-14 (510, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 21.17-20 (309, KynopN) [sale, OExt2]; P.Berl.Möller 3.24-25 (540, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Berl.Zill. 5.22-23 (417, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 7.28-30 (574, Ox) [lease, BStEx2]; P.Bingen 59.25-39 (33, Teb) [lease, SExt]; 60.16-19 (46, PtolEu) [lease, SVExt]; 75.14-18 (IIIb, Ox?) [sale, OExt]; 130.19-29 (mult.) (527-548, Aphr) [diairesis: BEth, with oath, mult.]; 132.22-26 (541, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; P.Bodl. I 32.6-9, 11-12 (c. 240, Oasis Magna) [labour (systasis), OSim, by both parties]; 36.22-25b (543/558, ArsPol) [lease, OExt]; 42.19-23 (212-216, PtolEu) [credit, OExt2]; 44.12-18 (310, UP) [sale, OExt.2]; 68.8-10 (II/IIIe) [sale, SExt]; 73.10 (610-641, HerakN); 138.4-5 (IV-VII, UP) [sale, OSim (bebaiosis)]; 169.21-28 (308?, Oasis Magna) [wet-nurse, OExt with stipulatio]; P.Brem. 69.8-13 (98, Herm) [credit, OExt (ἐπηκολούθηκα)]; 75.7 (113-117, Herm) [lease, OSim (ἐπιδέδωκα)]; P.Brook. 7.19-23 (152, SokN) [sale, OSim]; 9.18-23 (IV, Ibion Eikosipentarouron) [credit, OExt2]; 10.13-15 (VI, Thebes) [credit, BPepo: asphales, BSt]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.17-18 (341, Herm) [credit, OExt, with eudokesis]; P.Cair.Isid. 80.24-27 (296, ArsN) [sale, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 81.31-35 (297, ArsN) [credit, OExt2]; 82.18-20, 20-22 (318, Kar) [Exchange of liturgies, Syneth., bis]; 83.14-20 (IIIs, UP) [sale, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 85.10-12 (275, Kar) [sale, OSim]; 86.10-12 (309, Kar) [sale, OExt2]; 87.2-6 (308?, Kar?) [sale, SExt2]; 88.8-16 (308, Kar?) [sale, OExt, earlier transactions]; 89.14-20 (308, Kar?) [sale, SExt2]; 90.12-14 (309, Kar) [sale, OExt 2]; 91.16-17 (309, Kar) [sale, OSim]; 93.27-29 (282, PtolEu) [credit, OExt2]; 95.13-16 (310, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 96.9-12 (310, Kar) [credit, OSim]; 97.17-21 (308, Kar) [credit, SExt2]; 103.21-24 (313, Kar) [lease, OSim, bis]; 104.26-27 (297, Kar); 105.16-21 (297, Kars) [diairesis, OSim, συνεθέμην, ter]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.34-45 (514, Aphr) [labour, BEth, BStoi, + oath, mult.]; 67032.105-107 (551, Constantinople) [labour, BEth]; 67100.22-26 (506, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67104.18-19 (530, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67106.22-27 (539, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67109.44-47 (565, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67110.45-49 (565, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67112.22-27 (544/5, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 67114.b.1-4 (511/2 or 526/7, Aphr) [lease, Eth: cheir]; 67116.7-9 (548, Aphr) [lease, BEth: pittakion]; II 67126.43-57 (541, Constantinople) [credit, SVExt]; 67127.21-24 (544, Aphr) [credit, BSymph2]; 67128.32-35 (547, Aphr) [credit, BSymph]; 67129.29-32 (549, Aphr) [credit, BSymph]; 67162.31-? (568, Antin); 67164.12 (569, Antin) [credit, σημεῖα]; 67251.6 (549, Aphr) [credit, BSt*]; III 67300.19-21 (527, Aphr) [lease, SSim]; 67301.34-37 (530, Aphr) [lease, BSymph]; 67302.18-19 (555, Antin) [lease, SExt2]; 67303.22-23 (553, Aphr) [lease, OExt, BSt] ; 67308 .5-6 (526, Aphr) [credit, BSymph]; 67324.16-18 (VI, Aphr) [will, BEth: diatheke]; P.Cair.Preis. 38.13-18 (IV, UP) [labour, BEth: homologia]; 41.26-27 (IVf, HermN) [lease, OSim]; P.Charite 4.12-15 (c. 320-350, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 7.25 (347, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Col. VII 176.20-23 (325, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 177.20-23 (325, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 178.20-24 (327 Kar,) [credit, OExt2]; 178a.20-26 (336, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 179.28-30 (300, Kar); 182.26-32 (372/3, Karanis) [credit, OExt2]; 184.19-25 (372, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 188.25-26 (320, Kar) [will]; VIII 219.19 (140, Alex) ?; 222.63-66 (160/1, Ox) [sale, OSim]; 244.10-15 (VI, ArsPol) [sale, OExt]; X 254.16-19 (129, Ox?) [sale, OExt]; 259.15-19 (146, PtolEu) [credit, OExt2]; 260.24-26 (149/50, ArsN) ?; 263.23-28 (178, MemphN) [sale, SExt]; 264.21-29 (178, Pitos) [sale, SExt]; 273r.29 (204, Ox); 277.9-14 (225, Ox?) [sale, OExt]; 280.23 (269/70 or 276/7, Ox?) [lease, OExt]; P.Col. Inv. 46.16-20 (340-410, Phil?); 185.22-26 (345, Ox); P.CtYBR inv. 343.8-20 (IIm/IIl, Bac) [credit, OVExt]; 610.3-9 (VI, ArsN) [credit, OExt2]; P.Coles 27.19-20 (IVb, UP) [exchange, OSim, BPepo: antikatallage]; P.Coll.Youtie II 89.22-23 (485, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 90.23-25 (513, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 92.40-42 (569, Antin) [labour, BEthEx2]; P.Corn. 6.16-17 (17, Oxyrhyncha) [credit, OSim]; 12.37-41 (283, Antin) [sale: OExt]; 13.27-30 (311, Ox) [sale, OExt2]; P.Daris 29.19-21 (IVm, OxN) [Labour: BExtPepo]; P.David 10.16-21 (522/3, Ox) [OExt2 + BSymph]; P.Dime III 27GD.38-41 (54, SokN) [credit, OSim]; 35GH.23-26 (41, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 36GH.1-6, 7 (24A, SokN) [labour, SVExt]; 38GH.2-8 (42, SokN) [sale, OExt]; 39GH.8-17 (11/10A, SokN) [marriage, OVExt]; P.Diog. 10.17-18 (211, PtolEu) [will, OSim: διεθέμην]; 11.27-29 (213, PtolEu) [will, OSim]; 24.22-32 (138- 161, Phil) [sale, SVExt]; 25.21-23 (132, Phil ?) [credit, OExt2]; 27.17-22 (213, Phil) [credit, OExt2]; 29.26-28 (225, Phil) [lease, OSim]; P.Dubl. 32.15-17 (512, ArsPol) [sale, OVExt, BSymph]; 33.17-22 (513, ArsPol) [sale, OVExt]; P.Dura 25.37 (180, Dura Europos) [sale, OSim]; P.Edfou I 2.11-13 (619, Apol) [sale, BEth: asphaleia, BStoi]; 3.19-22 (618?, Apol) [credit, BEth: asphaleia, BStoi]; P.Eirene II 6.7-9 bis (VII, ArsN) [depositum?, BSt (στοιχῶ)]; 25.17-21 (VIIm, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 28.25-29 (577, ArsN) [sale, BSt]; 29.25-31 (591-593, ArsPol) [sale, OExt2]; P.Erasm. I 14.1-12 (IImA, ArsN) [credit, Ext]; P.Erl. 60.11 (II, UP) ?; 69.15 (IA/I, UP) [lease, OSim]; 72.9-10 (IV, OxN) [lease, OSim]; 74.12-15 (VI, UP) [lease, BSt]; P.Euphrates 7.26-34 (249, Markopolis) [sale, OSim, Syriac]; 10.20-24 (250, Karrhai) [sale, OSim, Syriac]; P.Fam.Tebt. 2.22-30, 31-34 (92, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 4.24-32 (94, Teb) [credit, OExt]; 5.21-23 (98, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 22.20-30 (122, Teb) [credit, SVExt]; 27.21-25 (132, Teb) [labour, BPepo: systatikon]; P.Fay. 91.35-45 (99, Euh) [credit, SVExt]; 92.20-30 (126, Thead) [credit, SVExt]; P.Flor. I 13.21-24 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 17.23-25 (341?, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 22.26-31 (177, PtolEu) [sale, OExt]; 28.8-23 (177/8/9, Herm) [credit, OVExt]; 29.13-14 ? (IV, HermN?); 30.28-33 (362, Pisais) [credit, SExt2]; 37.8-12 (IV-VII, HermN) [lease, OExt2]; 39.14-16 (396, Ox) [labour, OSim]; 40.17-20 (162/3, HermN) [sale, OExt]; 46.28-33 (183, Herm) [credit, OExt2]; 47a.19-21 (217, Herm) [antikatallage, OExt2]; 47a.40-41 (217, Herm) [Antikatallage, OExt2]; 65.22-25 (570/1, OxN) [sale, BSt]; 70.14-16 (VII, Herm) [credit, BEth: grammation]; 74.22-24 (181, Ibion Sesymbotheos) [labour, OExt]; 96.6-8, 14-15 (337, HermN) [sale, OSim]; III 279.20-24 (514, Aphr) [lease, OExt, with oath]; 280.25 (514, Aphr) [credit, BSymph]; 281.18-20 (517, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 286.28-35 (552, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 299.9-13 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 310.13-20 (425-450, HermN); 313.17-20 (449, Epokion Iliou) [credit, BEth: homologia, with oath]; 315.14-16 (435, Sesiy) [lease, OExt]; 380.20-22 (203/4, Herm) [credit, OExt2]; 383.1.34-39 (234/5, Antin) [lease, OSim]; 383.2.68-71 (234/5, Antin) [lease, OSim]; 383.3.83-86 (234, Antin) [lease, OSim]; 384.118-128 (489?, Herm) [BSymph, prostimon, with stipulatio]; P.Fouad 33.35-36 (I, UP) [will, τέθειμαι: homologia, συγχωρῶ]; 36.34-35 (167, Ox); 40.25-36 (35, Teb) [lease, SExt]; 45.19-21 (153, Alex) [credit, SExt]; 47.22-24? (47, ArsN); 51.24-38 (126, Teb) [credit, SExt bis]; P.Freer 5.12-14 (VIl/VIIe, UP); 6.9-11 (VIl/VIIe, UP); P.Freib. II 10.11-14 (196, PtolEu) [manumission, OExt, ed.: πε[πο]ίημαι τὴν τῆς Ζωσίμης ἐλευθέρωσιν;]; III 32.11 (179/8A, Phil) [sale, SSim: oath]; P.FuadUniv. 20.14-20 (III, UP) [sale, SExt, with stipulatio]; 21.37-41 (253-260, UP); P.Gascou 40.26-28 (556, HermN) [lease; OSim]; 67.15-17 (368, Kellis) [BEth: antimisthosis]; P.Gen. I 8.23-32 (141, Dionysias) [credit, SExt]; 8bis.15-21 (140/1, Dionysias) [credit, SExt2]; 9.1.24-27 (252, Phebichis) [credit, OExt 2]; 9.2.24-27 (252, Phebichis) [credit, SVExt2]; 12.25-30 (384, Phil) [credit, OExt2]; 22.2.1-6 (38, Herm) [sale, OExt: ἐπηκολούθηκα]; 42.35-38 (224, Phil) [partnership: OSim, mult.]; 43.19-23 (227, PtolEu) [credit, OExt2]; 66.16-19, 23 (374, Phil) [lease, OExt]; 67.14-20 (382/3, Phil) [lease, OExt]; 69.12-18 (386, Phil) [lease, OExt2]; 78.29-31 (II/III, PtolEu) [lease, OSim]; II 10.22-23 (316, Phebichis) [lease, OSim]; 116.51-55 (247Ox) [sale, OVExt, with stipulatio]; IV 186.31-33 (473-490, Herm) [diairesis, BEth, bis]; 188.21-22 (616, ArsPol or Bousiris) [lease, BSt*]; 190.21-23 (522/3, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; 192.19-24 (532, HerakN) [credit, BSim: grammation]; 194.21-26 (556, ArsPol) [credit, OExt2]; 196.8-9, 10 (VIIs, UP) [credit, BSt]; P.Genov. I 13.7 (161, UP); 20.23-27 (319, Oasis Magna) [credit, OSim with stipulation]; 21.28-35 (320, Oasis Magna) [with address; credit, OVExt]; 35.1-7 (VI, Herm?) [credit, OExt]: II 62.33-46 (98, Ox) [credit, OVExt]; P.Giss. I 28.12-14 (142/3, Herm) [sale, OExt 2]; 39.1-15 (205A-180A, Thebes) [sale, OVExt]; 52.16-19 (397, Herm) [Lease, OSim]; P.Graux II 17.16-19 (307, Phil) [sale, OExt]; P.Grenf.I54.21-25 (378, ArsN) [Lease, OSim, BSymph]; 57.19-20 (561, Herm) [Lease, OSim]; 58.17-20 (c. 561, Herm) [Lease, OSim]; 60.54-57 (582?, Apol) [sale, BEth, BSt]; II 41.24-27 (46, SokN) [Lease, OExt, metamisthosis]; 46.20-21 (137, KerkArs) [sale, OSim]; 57.19-20 (168, Phil) [lease: OSim]; 72.14-17 (308, Kysis) [credit, OExt2]; 74.23-26 (302, Kysis) [sale, OExt2]; 75.22-30 (308, Oasis Magna) [credit, OExt with stipulatio]; 87.37-42 (602, Herm) [credit, BEth]; 89.6-7 (510/525?, Apol) [credit, BStEx]; 90.20-22 (VI, Apol) [credit, BSt: asphales, OExt2]; P.Gron. 9.22-28 (392, UP) [lease, OExt]; 10.26-28 (VI?, UP) [will, BEth: grammation]; P.Hamb. I 30.29-35 (89, Phil) [credit, OVExt]; 58.1-4 (83A, UP) [credit, SExt]; 63.16-17 (125/6, Thebes?) [sale, OExt]; 64.30-33 (103, Euh) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 68.45-47 (549/50 or 564/5, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 71.27-36 (149, Phil) [sale, SExt]; P.Hamb. III 218.15-22 (29/30, Oxyrhyncha) [sale, SExt]; 220.15-16 (223/4, PtolEu?) [marriage, OExt]; IV 265.9-11 (VIs, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; P.Harr. I 80.42-45 (249, OxN) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; 81.7-10 (VI, UP) [lease, OSim, BSymph]; 82.34-36 (345, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 86.13-14 (444, OxN) [credit, BPepo, BSymph]; 145.5-10 (363/4, OxN) [credit, OExt2]; P.Haun. III 55.19-21 (325, Dinnis) [lease, OSim]; 56.20-23 (IV/V, UP) [credit, OSim]; P.Heid. IV 330.7-9 (VI/VII, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; V 345.14-17 (VIe, OxN) [labour, BPepo]; 351.25-27 (534/5, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 352.20-21 (558, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 355.17-20 (V/VI, HermN) [sale, ἐθέμην: grammation]; 356.6-11 (V/VI, HermN) [lease, OExt]; 357.22-37 (507, HermN) [credit, OExt2]; 361.33-37 (613, ArsPol) [sale, BSt: grammation]; P.Herm. 22.20-24 (394, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 25.21-25 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [diairesis, ἐθέμεθα, BSt]; 27.10-11 (V, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 30.19-24 (552, OxN?) [labour, Ext]; 32.34-38 (VI, UP) [sale, OExt, ἐθέμην, oath]; 34.32-36 (VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 57.12-13 (IV, UP) [lease, OSim]; 59.8-1 (after 430?, AntaiN) [lease, OSim]; 60.7-8 (Vl/VIe, UP) [lease, BSt]; 64.6-7 (VII/VIII, UP) [credit, BSt]; P.Horak 8.15-16 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; P.Iand. III 26.31-38 (98, ArsN) [labour, OVExt]; 28.26-28 (104, Thead) [lease, OSim]; 44.8-12 (VI/VII, UP) [credit, SVExt]; 48.24-27 (582, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; 48a.5-7 (c. 582, Ox) ?; P.Ifao I 1.30-36 (27, Teb) [lease, OExt]; 13.27-30 (23A, Ox) [trophitis, OSim bis]; 30.29-34 (138-160, ArsN); III 5.19-22 (II, Ox); P.Jena II 3.6-10 (337, UP) [credit, OExt2]; 17.25-26 (515, Herm) [credit, BEth: grammation]; P.Kell. I 4.19-21 (331, Kellis) [sale, OSim]; 8.14-16 (362, Kellis) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 13.13-14 (335, Kellis) [OExt, ἐθέμην: diairesis with stipulatio]; 30.22-25 (363, Kellis) [exchange, OExt2]; 31.14-19. 20-25 (306, Kellis) [lease, OExt; OExt (receipt of the rent)]; 32.18-23 (364, Kellis) [lease, OSim]; 33.28-29 (369, Kellis) [lease, BEth]; 34.21-26 (315, Kellis) [with address; sale, OExt]; 37.18-23 (320?, Kellis) [sale, OExt]; 38a.21-23 (333, Kellis) [present, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 39.b.18-21 (IV, Kellis) [sale, OExt]; 40.23-30 (306/7, Kellis) [credit, BEthEx: homologia, with stipulatio]; 42.31-39 (364, Kellis) [credit, OExt]; 43.35-40 (374/387, Kellis) [credit, OExt2]; 44.21-26 (382, Kellis) [credit, OExt2]; 45.27-37 (386, Kellis) [credit. OExt with stipulatio]; 48.18-19 (355, Kellis) [manumission, OBEth: apeleutherosis]; 49.20-27 (304, Kellis) [credit, SSim]; P.Köln I 52.1.45-46 (263, Antin) [labour, application, OSim]; 54.9-18 (4A, PtolEu) [sale, Sext2]; II 100.18-28 (133, Pim[ ]) [will, OVExt]; 102.13-16 (418, OxN) [credit, BSymph2]; 104.b.27-28 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim/BSt]; III 151.30-35 (423, KynopN) [credit, OExt2]; 152.22-25 (477?, ArsN) [credit, OSim?]; 153.8-10 (after 524, Antin) [credit, BStEx2]; 155.13-20 (VI, UP) [sale, BSymphEx]; 156.15-16 (582-602, Antin?) [credit, BSt]; 157.38 (589, ApolHept) [manumission, BEth: eleutheria]158.28-32 (599, Herak) [credit, BSymph]; V 232.18-19 (330/338, Terenouthis) [sale, OExt2]; X 421.41-43 (VI, Aphr) [will, BEthVE]; XII 487.9-15 (117-138, Ox) [will, BPepo: diatheke]; XIV 574.10-11 (II, ArsN)?; 583.21-25 (Vf, OxN) [credit, OExt2]; 584.3-5 (Vf, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 585.8-11 (461/2, OxN) [sale, OExt, BSymph]; 587.6-8 (Vf, Ox) [sale; OSim?]; 589.5-7 (VI, Antin) [lease, OExt2]; XV 614.22-27 (138-160, Stratonos) [credit, SExt]; XVI 652.30-40 (183/185, Ox) [credit; OExt]; P.Kramer 15.18-21 (629?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Kron. 9.22-30 (111, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 10.24-27 (116, Teb) [lease, SExt]; 15.9-13 (116/7 or 135/6, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 17.28-36 (140, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 22.16-24 (II, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 23.9-16 (II, Teb) [credit, Ext]; 24.4-7 (II, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 48.28-44 (35, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; P.Laur. I 7.11-12 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; II 29.10-11 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; III 72.25-34 (118-138, PtolEu) [lease, Ext]; 74.29-34 (IIIl, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 75.30-36 (574, Ox) [credit, BSt: grammation]; IV 163.16 (279, UP) [lease, OSim]; 165.19-21 (305, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 166.b.3-6 (289/90, Ox ?) [labour, OExt]; 176.21-26 (316, OxN ?) [with stipulatio]; P.Leid.Inst. 25.5-12, 12-14 (95/6, ArsN) [credit, Sext, OSim]; P.Lips. I 3.16-18 (256, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 4.32-33 (293, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 6.2.19-20 (306, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 10.1.5-2.11 ll. 2.7-11 (178, Herm) [credit, OExt]; 11.11-15 (247, Herm?) [credit, OExt]; 13.22-24 (364, Herm) [credit, OExt]; 17.27-31 (377, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 18.27-28 (308, Herm) [lease, BSymph]; 20.21-25 (381, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 22.27-29 (388, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 23.29-34 (374, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 25.1-2 (VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 28.24-28 (381, Herm) [will, BEth: ἐθέμην τὴν υἱοθεσίαν καὶ εὐδοκῶ]; 29.20-21 (295, Herm) [will, OSim: διεθέμην]; II 127.5-17 (20A, Teb) [credit, OExt]; 130.27-45 (16, Teb) [credit, SVExt]; 135.16-17 (98/9, Herm) [credit, OVExt]; P.Lond. I 77.76-81 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [will, BEthExt: diathekemiaion gramma, BSt]; 113.3.12-14 (VI, ArsN) [lease, OExt, ἀπέλυσα]; 113.4.25-27 (595, ArsPol) [lease, OExt]; 113.6a.25-26 (612/627, ArsPol) [lease, BSt:]; 113.6b.39-42 (633, ArsPol) [lease, BSt]; 113.6c.36-39 (620 or 635, ArsPol) [lease, BSt]; II 154.18-26 (68, Kar) [sale, SVExt]; 229.20-25, 30-31 (166, Seleukia Pieria) [sale, OExt]; 277.4-13 passim (23, SokN) [credit, OVExt]; 282.25-27 (69, ArsN) [sale, SSim?]; 293.31 (114, Dionysias) [diairesis, SSim]; 303.25-32 (142, Herakleia) [sale, OExt]; 308.20-25 (145, Herakleia) [credit, OExt]; 311.19-23 (149, Herakleia) [credit, SExt]; 350.17-20 (212, SokN) [lease, OSim]; 466.22-23 (143, KerkArs) [sale, OSim]; 483.94-96 (615/6?, ApolHept) [lease, BSt: emphyteuma]; III 838.4-7 (123, UP) [lease, OSim]; 842.19-24 (140, Apias) [sale, OExt]; 932.24 (211, Herm) [diairesis, OExt2: no suit]; 939.21-23 (225, Herm) [credit, OExt]; 943.15-18 (227, Herm) [credit, OExt]; 948r.13-14 (236, Thead) [freight contract, OExt2]; 954.25-27 (260, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 975.22-25 (314, UP) [credit, OExt]; 976.12-16 (315, UP) [credit, OExt]; 978.18-21 (331, Herm) [diairesis, OSim, mult.]; 991.23-26 (481, UP) [sale, BEth: prasis]; 1001.27-29 (539, HermN) [sale, BEth: grammation]; 1015.19-21 (VI, Herm) [cession, BEth: ekchoretike homologia]; 1158.16-18 (226, Herm) [sale, OExt2]; 1017.10-14 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 1023.30-31 (V, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 1030.4-5 (c. 527, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 1050.10-11 (VIl/V, Herm) [lease, BEth.: misthapoche]; 1164c.29-34 (212, Antin) [sale, OExt]; 1164e.19-23 (212, Antin) [sale, OExt]; 1164f.33-35 (212, Antin) [sale, OExt]; 1164i.18-24 (212, Antin) [credit, OExt]; 1168.14-16 (44, Herm) [lease, SExt]; 1225.15-19 (70/1, HermN); 1227.15 (152, Herm) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 1229.16-18 (145, UP) [sale, OExt]; 1243.21-24 (281, Herm) [credit, OExt2]; 1273.1-11 (28/9, UP) [credit, OSim]; V 1661.24-25 (553, Aphr); 1686.44-46 (565, Aphr) [sale, BEth: prasis, with stipulatio]; 1687.18-20 (523, Aphr) [debt for rent, BSymph]; 1689.22-24 (527, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1691.20-21 (532, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1692a.20-21 (555, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1692b.19-21 (556, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1693.16-19 (523/4, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1694.27-30 (516/7 or 531/2, Aphr) [lease, OSim, bis]; 1695.20-23 (530/1?, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1696.a.24-28 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1696.b.16-17 (VIe, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1698.12-13 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 1706.10 (VI, Aphr) [labour, BSt]; 1711.69-77 (566-573, AntinN) [marriage, BEthExt: gamikon symbolaion]; 1715.17-19 (VI, Antin) [lease, OExt]; 1716.13-14 (570, Antin) [credit, O?Ext]; 1722.47-52 (530, Sy) [sale, OExt]; 1723.22-24 (577, Sy) [credit, BEth: asphaleia]; 1724.69-81 (578, Sy) [sale, SVExt]; 1727.62-67 (583/4, Sy) [will, BEth: allelomologia]; 1733.69-74 (594, Sy) [sale, OExt]; 1734.20-24 (578-582, Sy) [sale, OSim, BSt]; 1735.20-25 (VIl, Sy?) [sale, BEthExt: prasis, BSt]; 1736.21-26 (611, Sy) [credit, BSt: asphaleia]; 1764.8-11 (VI/VII, OxN) [sale, BSt: grammation]; 1768.19-22 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 1770.21-23 (547/562, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 1771.11-12 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 1772.25-28 (VI, HermN) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; 1844.22 (VIe, Aphr) [credit, OExt]; P.Lond. inv. 2917.11-15 (Vend/VIb, Ta Memnonia) [sale, BEth: one, BSt]; P.Louvre I 7.21-30 (41/54, SokN) [will, OExt]; 10.4-13 (Il?, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 11.22-33 (26-33, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 13.22-28 (29, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 14.21-29 (44, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 18.16-30 (141, SokN) [credit. OExt, bis]; II 109.16-24 (123/4 or 136/7, ArsN?) [sale, OVExt]; 110.22-27 (139/160, HermN) [credit, OExt]; 113b.5-6 (159, ArsN) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; P.Mert. I 10.28-46 (21, Phil) [lease, OVExt]; 17.42-52 (158, Oasitou Epoikion) [lease, OExt]; 19.11-14 (173, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 25.27-30 (214, OxN) [credit, OExt2]; 36.20-23 (360, Ox) [credit. OExt]; 37.14-17 (373, PtolEu) [credit, OExt]; 49.9-11 (VII, UP) [lease, OSim]; II 72.27-31 (162, Teb) [marriage, OExt]; 76.40-44 (181, Ox) [lease, OSim]; III 110r.24-32 (154, Teb) [credit, SExt]; 120.3-10 (I/II, ArsN?) [credit, OExt]; 125.11-12 (VI, OxN?); P.Meyer 5.7-20 (98-117, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 7.29-34 (130, Polydeukia) [sale, SExt]; 12.30 (115, Thead); 13.19-25 (141, Apias) [lease, OExt]; P.Mich. III 186.31-41 (72, Bac) [diairesis, SSim bis]; 187.33-45 (75, Bac) [diairesis, SExt bis]; 188.20-24 (120, Bac) [credit, SVExt]; 189.23-37 (123, Bac) [credit, SVExt]; V 252.1-9 (25/6, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 253.1-13 (30, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 254.1-7 (29/30, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 256.1-10 passim (29/30, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 257.1-12 passim (30, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 258.1-18 passim (32/3 or 33/4, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 259.21-35 (33, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 263.24-39 (35/6, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 264.18-26 (37, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 273.1-10 (46, ArsN) [sale, OVExt]; 273.10-11 (46, ArsN) [sale, OExt2]; 274.1-13 passim (46/7 or 47/8, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 276.15-37, 37-41 (47, ArsN) [sale, SVExt, bis]; 277.1-6 (48, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 278.1-7 (c. 30, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 282.1-11 (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt, bis]; 285.1-10 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 286 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 290.1-13 (37?, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 291.1-8 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 294.1-9 (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 295.1-10 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 296.1-8 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 297.1-10 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 298.1-15 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 299.1-11 passim (I, Teb) [sale. SVExt]; 300.1-16 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 301.1-10 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 303.1-7 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 304.1-10 passim (42?, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 305.1-19 (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 306.1-18 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 307.1-10 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 308.1-7 passim (I, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 309.1-10 passim (I, ArsN) [sale, SVExt]; 310.19-30 (26/7, ArsN) [lease, OVExt]; 311.27-47 passim (34, Talei) [lease, SExt]; 312.46-51 (34, Talei) [lease]; 313.17-27 (37, Teb) [lease, SVExt]; 321.7-17 (mult.) (42, Teb) [meriteia, SVExt]; 322a.38-43 (46, Teb) [meriteia: SVExt, bis]; 323.29-37 (47, Teb) [diairesis, OExt ter]; 333.43-46 (52, Teb) OExt]; 339.1-7 (46, Teb) [marriage, SVExt]; 340.64-79 (45/6, Teb) [marriage, SSim]; 341.11-13 (47, Teb) [marriage, OExt]; 346a.14-16 (12/3, Teb) [apprenticeship, OSim]; 347.14-16 (21, ArsN); 348.28-32 (26, Teb) [partnership, OSim]; VI 428.12-18 (154, Kar) [sale, SVExt]; IX 550.21-28 (99, Kar) [sale, OExt2, bis]; 551.24-28 (103, Kerkesoucha) [sale, OSim]; 553.6-9 (284, Kar) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 554.44-63 (before 93, PtolEu) [diairesis, OVExt, mult.]; 555.23-40 (107, Kar) [diairesis, SVExt,]; 558.23-35 (103-111, Kar) [diairesis, SVExt, ter]; 559.4-21 (IIe, Kar) [diairesis, OExt, mult.]; 563.23-33 (128/9, Kar) [lease, OExt (lessor)]; 564.20-23 (150, Kar) [lease, OSim]; 565.20-21 (215/6, Kar) [lease, OSim]; 566.23-31 (86, Hiera Nesos) [credit, SExt]; 571.19-30 (96, Kar) [credit, OExt]; 573.16-24 (316, Kar) [credit, OExt, bis]; X 583.26-34 (78, Bac) [sale, SVExt]; 584.34-51 (84, Bac) [diairesis, SVExt, mult]; 585.24-37 (87, Bac) [sale, SVExt]; 586.19-24 (c. 30, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 587.39-41 (24/5, Teb) [credit, SSim]; XI 603.28-36 (134, ArsN) [labour, OSim, mult.]; 604.30-34 (223, Ox) [systasis, OSim]; 605.18-25 (117, Bac) [credit, SVExt]; 607.31-35 (569, Antin) [credit, BStEx]; 608.20-22 (VI, OxN) [sale, OSim, BSymp]; 609.45-48 (244, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 610.47-49 (282, Ox) [lease, OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; 611.22-24 (412, Ox) [lease, SExt2]; 614.29-33 (c. 258/9, Ox) [credit, OExt]; XII 630.23-27 (38, Teb) [lease, OSim: συνεπιδέδωκα]; 633.33-39 (c. 30, Teb) [lease, OVExt]; 636.19-23 (302, PtolEu) [sale, SVEt, with stipulatio]; XIII 662.62-72 (615, Aphr) [sale, BEthEx: prasis, BSymph, oath]; 663.37-41 (VI, Aphr) [sale, BEthEx: prasis, BSt, oath]; 664.40-43 (584/5 or 600/1, Aphr) [sale, BEthEx: prasis, BSymph, oath]; 666.38 (615/631/646, Aphr) [lease, BSt; 669.18-20 (529/544, Aphr) [credit, BStEx: asphales]; 670.17-18 (527, Tanyaithis) [credit, BSymph]; 671.22-24 (VIm, Aphr) [depositum, BEth: asphaleia, BSt]; 672.11-12 (557?, Aphr) [BEth: chreia, BSt]; XV 707.22-26 (bis) (185, Ox?) [sale, OExt]; 728.9-13 (IV/V, UP) [credit, OExt2]; XVIII 791.22-24 (212/3, Phil) [lease, OSim]; 792.32-34 (221, Ox) [labour, OSim]; XX 803.19-20 (366, Ox) [labour, oath, OExt2]; 809.21-23 (372, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; 813.21-22 (373, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; 814.18-19 (373, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; 815.17-19 (365?, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; P.Michael. 34.13-16 (VI, UP) [lease, BEth: misthosis, BSymph]; 40.67-73 (544 or 559, Aphr) [sale, OExt, oath]; 42a.35-43 (566, Aphr) [lease, OSim, ter]; 42b.23-27 (c. 566, Aphr) [lease, OSim, ter]; 43.21-22 (526, Aphr) [lease, OExt]; 44.19-22 (527, Aphr) [credit, OExt, BSymph]; 45.63-67 (540, Aphr) [sale, BEthExt: prasis]; 46.23-25 (559, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 48.29-32 (572, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 52.g.41-47 (VI/VII, Aphr) [sale, BEth, BSt, oath] [sale, B1,2Ext]; 54.13-16 (VI, Aphr) [lease, BEth: prasis, BSt]; 55.c.11-13 (582-602, Aphr) [diairesis, BEth, BSymp, oath]; 56.5-6 (VI, Aphr) ? [sale, BEthEx2: prasis]; 57.4-7 (VI, Aphr) [sale, BEth: prasis, BSt]; 59.7-10 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; P.Mich. inv. 1354.28-34 (289, PtolEu) [credit, OExt 2 with stipulatio]; P.Mil. I 8.24-34 (48, Thead) [sale, SVExt]; 52.18-24 (285, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 58.13-18 (IIend/IIIb) [credit: OExt2]; P.Mil.Vogl. I 23.2.26-36 (108, Teb) [diairesis, BPepo]; 26.22 (128, Teb) [sale, OSim]; II 71.27-30, 30-32 (172-175, Teb) [marriage, SExt, OSim]; 78.22-29 (138/9, Teb) [lease, SVExt]; 99.18-24 (119, Tebtynis) [diairesis, Sext, BPepo: diairesis]; 104.37-39, 42-43 (127, Teb) [lease, OSim, bis, ἐπιδέδωκα]; 186.15-20 (99, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 241.18-21 (II, Teb) [lease, OSim]; VI 267.33-35 (125/6, Teb) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 272.5-6 (165, Teb) [lease, OExt]; 291.29 (II, Teb)?; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.49-50 (148A, Hephaistias) [lease, OExt2]; 79 passim (37-69, SokN); 85.2-8 (Vm, Ox) [?, BPepo: homologia, oath, BSymph]; P.Münch. I 3.11-16 (580, Sy) [marriage, BEth: asphales, BSt]; 4.2.47-52 (581, Sy) [sale, OExt, BSt]; 8.39-42 (c. 540, Sy) [will, BEth: apocharisma, BSt]; 9.92-103 (585, Sy) [sale, OVExt, BSt]; 10.20-25 (586, Sy) [sale, BEth: asphales, BSt]; 11.69-74 (586, Sy) [sale, OExt, BSt]; 12.50-56 (590/1?, Sy) [sale, OExt, BSt]; 13.72-77 (594, Sy) [sale, OExt]; 15.14-19 (493, Sy) [sale, OExt]; 16.40-45 (Vl, Sy) [sale, OExt]; III 84.28-33 (211, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 86.13-17 (IV, Tebetny) [sale, SExt]; 89.27 (339, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 92.9-10 (V, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 93.1.2-4 (V/VI, HermN) [lease, BEth: misthosis]; 93.2.14-16 (V/VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 96.23-31, 31-33 (158, PtolEu) [credit, OVExt]; 98.30-35 (593/4, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; 100.17-19 (574, ArsPol) [labour, BSymph]; P.NagHamm. 2.12 (III/IV, UP) [sale, OExt]; 62.4-9 (III/IV, Upper Egypt) [sale, OExt2]; 63.14-19 (341, Diospolis Parva?) [credit, OExt2]; P.Naqlun II 23.13-16 (c. 590-596, Naqlun) [sale, OExt2]; P.Narm.2006 6.3-9 (107/8, Thead?) [sale, SVExt]; P.Nekr. 5.19-20 (241, Kysis) [lease, τέθειμαι: gramma]; 10.2.20-24 (244, Hibis) [donation, OSim, bis, with eudokesis]; 11.17-20 (274, Kysis) [donation, OSim with stipulatio]; 12.15-18 (245-247, Kysis) [τέθειμαι: charis]; P.Neph. 29.23-29 (III/IV, HerakN) [sale, bis: OSim, OExt]; 32.19-22 (344, HerakN) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; P.NYU I 22.21-26 (329, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 24.18-22 (373, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 13.25-31 (198, OxN) [sale, OExt]; 14.11-13 (IIa?, AphrN) [sale, SExt]; 23.19-24 (326, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; P.Oslo II 31.26-30 (138-161?, UP) [diairesis, SExt]; 35.22-25 (426, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 37.19-23 (295, Phil) [credit, OSim]; 39.23-26 (146, Thead) [credit, OExt2]; 41.25-29 (331, Ox) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; 45.6-10 (135, UP) [sale, OExt2]; III 129.12-15, 15-18 (III, Antin); 135.28-29 (286-293, Ox) [lease, OSim: εὐδοκῶ]; 138.19-21 (323, Ox) [lease, OExt, with stipulatio]; 140.1-5 (112A, Teb) [labour, OExt]; P.Oxf. 10.32-45 (98-117, Thead) [credit, SExt]; 16.17-18 (VI/VII, HermN) [lease, OSim]; P.Oxy. I 97.20-25 (116, Ox) [labour (systasis), OExt2]; 100.17-18 (133, Ox) [sale, OSim, oath]; 105.8-13 (118-138, Ox) [will, OVExt]; 136.42-45 (583, Ox) [labour, BPepo: synallagma, BSt]; 138.40-46 (610/1, Ox) [labour, BPepo: homologia]; 140.29-31 (550, Ox) [labour, BPepo, BSt]; II 264.15-19 (54, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 265.38-45 (81-96, Ox) [marriage, OVExt]; 267.1-34 ll. 25-27 (37, Ox) [credit, OExt2]; 269.1.15-18 (57, Ox) [credit, OExt2]; 272.22-29 (66, OxN) [sale, OExt2, bis]; 277.17-18 (19A, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 375.21-24 (bis) (79, Ox) [sale, OSim]; III 483.30-31 (108, Ox) [lease, OSim: ἐπεδέδωκα καὶ ὀμώμοκα]; 489.13-20 (117, Ox) [will, BPepoExt: diatheke]; 490.8-14 (124, Ox) [will, BPepoExt: diatheke]; 491.12-18 (126, Ox) [will, BPepoExt: diatheke]; 492.10-16 (130, Ox) [will, OExt:]; 493.15-23? (99, Ox) [will, BPepoExt: diatheke]; 497.20-25 (IIe, Ox) [marriage, OSim, ter]; 500.25-35 (130, Athribites) [lease, OExt]; 504.39-51 (IIe, Ox) [sale, OExt, τέθειμαι: homologia]; 634.11-20 (126, Ox) [will: BPepoExt: diatheke]; 646.14-21 (117-126?, Ox) [will, OVExt]; 647.6-10 (IIf, Ox) [will, OExt]; 649.8-14 (Il/II, Ox) [BPepoExt: diatheke]; IV 725.61-64 (183, Ox) [labour, OSim: τέθειμαι καὶ εὐδοκῶ]; 727.32 (154, Alex)?; 728.27-35 (142, Thosbis) [sale, OExt]; 794.14-22 (85/6, Ox) [sale, OVExt]; VI 909.37-38 (225, Ox); 912.40-42 (235, OxN) [lease, OExt]; 913.21-25 (443, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 1038.34-36 (568, Ox) [lease, BSt: misthosis]; 1040.38-53 (225, Ox) [credit, OVExt]; 1041.22-27 (381, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 1042.30-33 (578, Ox/Justinopolis) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; VIII 1124.22 (26, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1126.18-20 (V, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1127.36-40 (183, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 1129.16-19 (449, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 1130.26-30 (484, Senokomis) [credit, OSim]; IX 1200.40-43 (266, Ox) [sale, OExt2]; 1205.19-27 (291, Ox) [manumission; OExt]; 1206.20-24 (335, Ox) [adoption, OExt with stip.]; 1208.26-31 (291, Ox) [sale, OExt with eudokesis and stipulatio, bis]; 1209.31-32 (252, Ox) [sale, OSim]; X 1273.45-54 (260, OxN) [marriage, OExt with stipulatio]; 1276.24-34 (249, Ox) [sale, OExt2 with stipulatio]; 1277.22-28 (257, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 1279.29-30 (139, Ox) [lease, OSim, ἐπιδέδωκα]; 1280.15-19 (IVend, Ox) [lease, BEth, BSymph]; XII 1423.12-15 (IVm, OxN) [labour, BPepo: entolê]; 1473.33-34,35-36 (201, Ox) [marriage, OExt]; 1474.11-22, ll. 21-22 (216, OxN) [credit, OExt2]; 1475.37-40 (267, Ox) [sale, OVExt, with stipulatio]; XIV 1626.24-26 (325, Ox) [labour, OSim, bis (surety)]; 1631.35-40 (280, Ox) ease, OExt, with stipulatio]; 1633.35-36 (275, Ox) [sale, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 1636.42-46 (249, Ox) [parachoresis, OSim, with stipulatio]; 1638.33-36 (282, Ox) [diairesis, OSim with stipulaio]; 1639.24-29 (73A/44A, Ox) [credit, OSim]; 1640.2.18-22 (252, Ox) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; 1641.22-26 (68, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 1643.21-24 (298, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; 1690.20-21 (287, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1696.20-24 (197, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 1697.39-46 (242, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 1698.29-30 (269, Ox)?; 1702.23- (290, Ox) [sale, OExt] {deleted}; 1704.25-27 (298, Ox) [sale, OSim with stipulatio]; 1705.23-27 (298, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 1707.26-29 (204, Ox) [sale, OSim]; 1708.23-26 (311, Ox) [sale, OExt2]; XVI 1890.18-22 (508, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, BSymph]; 1891.21-25 (495, Ox) [credit, OExt2, BSymph]; 1892.38-44 (581, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation, BSymph]; 1901.58-74 (VI, Ox) [will, BPepoVExt: diatheke]; 1957.18-22 (430, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 1959.22 (499, Ox) [lease, OSim?]; 1961.26-27 (487, Ox); 1966.23-24 (505, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis]; 1968.11-13 (VI, Ox) [lease, BPepoExt: misthosis]; 1970.29-32 (554, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; 1973.19-22 (420, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 1976.22-23 (582, Ox) [credit, BSt]; 1977.9-13 (VI, Ox) [credit, BStoichExt]; 1983.23-27 (535, Ox) [labour, BPepo: cheirographia, BSymph.]; XVII 2109.58-65 (261, Ox) [lease, OExt: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 2134.31-35 (170, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 2136.14-17 (291, PtolEu) [lease, Sext, with stipulatio]; 2137.42-46 (226, Episemou Epoikion) [lease, OSim]; XVIII 2188.17-35 (107, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 2189.34-45 (219, Ox) [lease, OExt]; XIX 2237.20-22 (498, Ox) [credit, OExt, BSymph]; XX 2270.15-20 (V/VI?, Ox) [sale, OVExt, BSymph]; 2284.b.23-31 (258, Ox) [lease, OExt]; XXII 2348.47-48 (224, Ox) [will, OSim: διεθέμην]; 2350.1.33-41 (224, Ox) [credit, OExt with stipulatio]; 2351.69-84 (112, Ox) [lease, OVExt]; 2586.56-59 (264, Ox) [labour, εὐδοκῶ with stipulatio]; XXXIII 2676.46-53 (151, Ox) [lease, OExt 2]; XXXIV 2721.43-44 (234, Ox) [labour, OSim, εὐδοκῶ]; 2722.52-67 (154, Ox) [credit, OVExt]; XXXVI 2771.11 (323, Kos); 2773.37-44 (82, Ox) [credit, OExt2]; XXXVIII 2859.31-33 (301, Ox) [labour, OExt]; 2874.38-55 (108, Ox) [lease, OVExt]; XLI 2951.19-30, 31-32 (267, Ox) [Latin, slave sale, OVExt, OExt]; 2969.18-22 (323, Ox) [labour, OExt2: ἐπιδεδώκαμεν*]; 2971.42-46 (66, Ox) [labour, OExt2]; XLI 2977.55-56 (239/40, Ox) [eudokesis]; 2993.8-12 (323?, Ox) [labour, OSim: ἐπιδεδώκαμεν]; XLIII 3092.17-19 (217, Ox) [labour, OExt2, τέθειμαι, with eudokesis]; 3122.17-21 (322, Posompes) [labour, with stipulatio]; 3144.18-21 (313, Ox) [sale, OExt with stipulatio]; 3146.21-25 (347, Ox) [credit, OExt2]; XLIV 3203.25-28 (400, Ox) [lease, OExt]; XLV 3254.22-26 (312/3, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 3260.28-32 (323, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; XLVI 3270.30-31 (309, Ox); XLVII 3352.10-15 (68, OxN) [lease, OExt 2]; XLVIII 3386.28-31 (338, Ox) [labour, BPepo: entolê, with stipulatio]; 3389.18-22 (343, Ox) [labour, OExt]; XLIX 3485.33-34 (38, Ox) [credit, OSim]; 3498.41-45 (274, Ox) [sale, OVExt with stipulatio]; 3512.22-27 (492, Ox) [sale; OExt, BSymph]; L 3593.1.17-24. 2.45-53 (238-244, Rhodes) [unique]; 3599.22-29 (460, OxN) [credit, OExt2]; LI 3600.24-30 (502, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, BSymph]; 3641.22-24 (544, Ox) [labour, BPepo: synallagma, BSymph]; LV 3800.40-47 (219, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 3802.27-31 (296, Ox) [lease, OExt with stipulatio]; 3803.17-24 (411, Ox) [lease, OExt]; LVII 3911.52-54 (199, Pimpasi) [lease, OSim]; LVIII 3915.23-29 (30, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 3933.33-40 (588, Ox) [labour, BPepo: synallagma]; 3942.32-35 (606, Ox) [labour, BSt: grammation]; 3952.50-54 (610, Ox) [labour, BPepo: synallagma]; 3955.24-28 (611, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, Ext]; 3958.35-39 (614, Ox) [labour, BPepo: synallagma, Ext]; LXI 4125.31-36 (322, Ox) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; 4132.38-40 (619, Ox) [sale, BSt: grammation]; LXII 4350.16-19 (576, Ox) [labour: BSt: homologia]; 4351.13-15 (VIl, Ox) [labour: BSt: homologia]; LXIII 4390.24-27 (469, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, BSymph]; 4394.214-238 (494, Alex) [BEthVExt: grammation]; 4395.95-106 (499, Alex) [labour, OVExt]; 4398.30-32? (553, Ox); LVI 4530.20-25, 40-45 (288?, HerakN) [labour, OSim bis (oath and surety)]; 4533.9-15 (Il/IIe, Ox) [will, BPepo: diatheke, OVExt]; 4534.16-17 (335, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 4535.35-40 (600, Ox) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; LXVII 4586.31-38, 39-48 bis (III, Nesmimis) [sale, OExt]; 4597.27-29 (294, Ox) [labour, OSim: εὐδοκῶ]; LXIX 4745.55-61 (202, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 4746.1-11 passim (244-249, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 4747.27-30 (296, Ox) [lease, OExt with stipulatio]; 4748.21-27 (307, OxN) [sale, OExt2]; 4750.23 (307, OxN) [sale, OExt]; 4751.18-25 (310, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 4752.21-25 (311, OxN) [sale, OExt2]; 4753.28-32 (341, Ox) [lease, OExt]; LXXI 4827.42-44 (173/4, Ox); 4835.21-24 (574, Ox) [credit, OSim]; LXXII 4897.19 (391, Ox) [credit, OSim?]; 4902.15-20 (415, OxN?) [credit, OExt]; 4907.15-18 (422, HerakN?) [credit, BSymph]; 4913.18-23 (462, Ox) [credit, OExt, BSymph., with stipulatio]; 4930.23-26 (614, Ox) [credit, BSt: grammation, with stipulatio]; LXXIII 4967.16-18 (VIl/VIIe, Ox) [labour, BSt: Synallagma]; LXXV 5058.40-43 (257/8, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; 5070.18-21 (605/6 or 620/1, Ox) [credit, BSt: grammation]; LXXVII 5109.58-72 (mult.) (c. 161/2, Ox) [credit, OExt, bis]; 5123.18-21 (555, Ox) [sale, BPepo: grammation, BSt]; 5124.26-29 (c. 579-595, Ox) [credit, BSt]; LXXIX 5211.1.24-29, 2.24-28 (303, Ox) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; LXXXI 5288.28-30 (570, Ox) [labour, BSt]; LXXXIII 5370.7-9 (VI, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, BSt]; 5380.c.4 (580, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis]; LXXXIV 5473.b.5 (561, Ox) [labour, BPepo]; 5474.49-52 (617/8, Ox) [labour, BPepo]; P.Oxy.Elmagh. 11.36-41 (266?, Ox) [labour, OSim, oath]; P.Oxy.Hels. 29.46-53 (54, Ox) [labour, OExt]; 34.21-28 (101, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 36.24-35 (167, Ox) [credit, OVExt; OSim]; 41.51 (223/4, Ox) [sale, OExt]; P.Palau Rib. 11.11-17 (III, Ox?) [sale, OExt]; 12.5-8 (293-305, UP) [lease, OExt]; 13.1-8 passim (IV, UP) [credit, OExt]; 22.20-25 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; P.Panop. 4.19-21 (314, PanopN) [lease, OSim]; 5.10-11 (334?, PanopN); 10.9-11 (341, PanopN) [lease, OSim]; P.Par. 17.16-22 (153, Sy?) [sale, τέθειμαι: onê, OExt]; 20.38-40 (600, Panop) [BEth: dialysis, BSt]; 21.53-55 (616, This) [sale, BEth: prasis, BSt]; P.Paramone 18.30-32 (620, Herm) [Lease, OSim]; P.Petaus 17.24-34 l. 34 (184, PtolEu) [sale: μεταδέδωκα]; 23.27-28 (185/6, Pharbaithos) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 32.1-5 (184/5, UP) [credit, OExt]; P.Pintaudi 32.16-21 (224, Ox?); P.Prag. I 31.17-22 (148, Herakleia) [paratheke, OExt2]; 34b.5-9 (VI, ArsPol) [credit, OExt2]; 46.18-23 (522, Antin) [credit, OExt2]; II 156.12-13 (V, HermN?) [sale, OExt: ὡμολόγησα]; 158.13-16 (V/VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 160.12-15 (VIm, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 161.10-14 (Vl/VIe, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 165.4-10 (VI, ArsPol) [credit, OExt2]; 168.2-7 (VI, HermN) [credit, OExt]; III 216.28-31 (IIIf, PtolEu) [diairesis: OExt]; P.Princ. II 84.3-11 (V?, HermN?) [sale, OExt, bis]; III 144.24-26 (219/20 or 239/40, PtolEu) [credit, S*Sim]; 145.11-16 (VI, UP) [credit, BPepo: grammation]; 177.9-11 (202, UP) [lease, OSim]; P.Rain.Cent. 82.34-35 (304/5, HerakN) [lease: OExt 2]; 86.20-25 (381, HerakN) [credit, OVExt]; 123.20-23 (478, Phebichis) [credit, OExt]; 129.1-5 (630/645, ArsN) [credit, OSim]; 131.5-6 (c. 630-645, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; P.Rein. II 100.15-17 (212/3?, AphrN) [lease, OSim]; 103.31-36 (26, Ox) [labour, OSim: τέθειμαι τὴν ὁμολογίαν]; 105.11-15 (432, Ox) [credit, BSymph, OExt]; 107.5-6 (573/588/603, Koptites) [credit, BSt: asphaleia]; 108.15-19 (VI, Ox) [credit, BPepo: misthosis]; P.Ross.Georg. II 14.11-12 (81-95, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 15.28-38 (98-102, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 19.56-57 (141, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 38.10-17 (II, UP) [sale, OExt]; III 28.20-25 (343-358, ArsN) [marriage, OSim, συνεθέμην]; 32.14-16 (504, ArsPol) [lease, OExt]; 33.23-25 (522, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 36.22-25 (537, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 44.8-9 (VI, Antai or Aphr) [lease, BSymph]; 51.26-27 (630, ArsPol) [lease, BSt]; 53.14-15 (674/5, ArsPol) [credit, BSt]; V 35.3-7 (VI, Aphr) [credit, OExt]; 37.12-13 (VIm, Aphr) [credit, BPepo: homologia]; 42.23-24 (602, HermN) [lease]; P.Ryl. II 97.16-19 (bis) (139, UP) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 100.17-19 (238, MagdMir) [lease, OSim: ed.: β̣ο̣ύ̣λ̣(ομαι) μ̣ι̣σ̣θ̣[ώ]σ̣α̣σ̣θαι;]; 156.24-33 (I, Ox) [BPepo: diairesis, mult.]; 159.33-42 (31/2, Ox) [sale, OExt: ed.: τέθειμαι τὴν ὡμ[ολογίαν];]; 160.1-14 passim (28/9, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 160b.1-6 (37, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 160c.1.12-21 (32, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 160c.2.31-44 (32, SokN) [credit, SExt]; 160d.1.1-8 (42, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 160d.2.25-36 (42, SokN) [credit, SSim]; 160d.2.36 (42, SokN) [demotic]; 162.34-38 (159, SokN) [sale, SExt]; 163.18-20 (140, HermN) [sale, OExt]; 164.20-21 (171, HermN) [sale, SExt]; 173.14-15 (134, UP) [credit, OSim]; 173a.22-27 (99, Tebtynis) [credit, SExt]; 179.26-34 (127, Nilopolis) [sale, SVExt, no suit]; 312.21-30 (82-96, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 313.22-30 (82-96, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; IV 600.19-22 (8A, ArsN) [lease, SExt: ed.: ἐπ{ε}ικεχώρηκα μι̣[σθοῦν];]; 601.32-33 (26A, PtolEu) [lease, SExt]; 662.22-27 (364, Antin) [credit, OSim]; 670.14-15 (IeA, UP) [credit, SSim]; 683.41-47 (244, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 684.1-9 passim (I, UP); 709.14 (294-296, UP); P.Sakaon 49.16-19 (314, Thead) [credit, OExt with stipulatio]; 58.24-28 (299, Thead) [labour, OSim]; 59.16-19 (305, PtolEu) [sale, Sext]; 60.17-19 (306, PtolEu) [sale, SExt]; 62.14-17 (328, Thead) [sale, OExt2]; 63.9-13 (302/3, Thead) [credit, SExt]; 64.18-21 (307, Thead) [credit, SExt]; 65.23-26 (328, Thead) [credit, Sext2]; 66.18-22 (328, Thead) [credit, OExt2]; 96.23-29 (303, Thraso) [credit, SExt2]; P.Sarap. 2.21 (126, Herm) [lease, OSim, ἐπιδέδωκα]; 12.10-13 (131, Temseu Moron); 26.16-21 (125, MagdMir) [lease, OSim]; 44.20-25 (123, Akoris) [lease, OSim, bis]; 45.22-28 (127, Sinkere) [lease, SExt]; 47.19-21 (128, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 48.20-24 (123, Akoris) [lease, OSim]; 48bis.26-27 (123, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Scholl 8.21-22 (515, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Select. 7.17-20 (314, Ox) [credit, OExt with stipulatio]; 15.18-25 (435, HerakN) [sale, OExt2]; 16.19-20 (V/VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Sijp. 11a.25-30 (390, Kellis) [exchange, OExt2]; 43.16-17 (119/20, OxN) [will, BPepo: diatheke]; 46.8-9, b, 1-10 (332, Herm) [sale, OExt]; P.Sorb. I 17.21-22 (scr.ext.) (257A, Mermertha) [credit, OExt]; P.Soter. 2.39-43 (71, Thead) [lease, OSim]; 5.35-43 (94, Thead) [sale, SExt]; 27.27-28 (126, Thead) [sale, SExt]; P.Stras. I 1.13-16 (435, Herm) [credit, OExt]; 2.16 (217, Herm) [lease, OSim, bis]; 4.23 (551, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 10.26-27 (268, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 14.28-33 (211, PtolEu) [credit, OExt]; 52.12-16 (151, Herm) [credit, OVExt]; 53.1-9 passim (132, UP) [sale, SVExt]; III 144.22-24 (245, HermN) [sale, OExt]; IV 208.9-20 (75, SokN) [sale, OVExt]; 247.20-21 (550/1/2, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 252.4-8 (180, Antin) [Labour: OSim]; 256.18-20 (132, Selilais) [credit, OExt2] ; 266.14-24 (c. 100, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 289.11-13 (48, UP) [credit, OExt]; V 331.21-22 (98-117, UP); 336b.21-29 (212/3, ArsN) [lease, OExt]; 338.22-24 (550, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 341.35-40, 40-47 (before 85, SokN) [labour, OSim, OExt]; 344.6-13 (II, ArsN) [credit, SExt]; 348.3-5 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 358.7 (IV, UP) [lease, OSim]; 362.36-37 (149/50, Euh) [lease, OSim: ἐθέμην]; 382.10-12 (947, HermN); 398.20-23 (553, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 437.26-37 (121, Bac) [credit, SExt]; 466.9?-10 (c. 227-230, Polydeukia) [lease, OSim]; 472.25-26 (533/4, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 475.16-17 (507/8 or 522/3, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 476.13-14 (VIe, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 477.18 (VIe, HermN) ; 483.23-25 (512, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 486.18-22 (504/5, HermN) [lease, OExt]; 488.6-8 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 489.8-9 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 490.7 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 493.11-13 (c. 525, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; VI 504.17 (106, KerkArs) [sale, OSim]; 509.6-12 (138-161, ArsN) [credit, SExt]; 539.20 (290/1, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 540.8-11 (VI, UP) [lease, OSim]; 555.23-25 (289, Herm) [labour, OExt2 bis]; 557.24-28 (291, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 583.27-35 (115/6, ArsN); 585.16-19 (153, Herm) [sale, OSim: εὐδοκῶ]; 594.1-7 passim (293/4, Herm) [sale, OVExt] ?; 597.15-16 (541, HermN) [lease, BEth.: misthosis]; VII 615.1-7 passim (III, UP) [lease, OExt]; 620.13-17 (V, UP) [credit, SSim]; 646.12-14 (117-138, ArsN) [credit, OExt]; 658.8-10 (VI, HermN) [labour; BEth.: grammation]; 663.10-11 (57/8, Herm) [credit, OExt 2]; 668.1-7 (II, UP) [marriage, OExt]; 673.11-15 (IV, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 677.11-12 (VI, Herm) [labour, BEth: homologia]; 678.21-22 (568/9, Herm); 696.16-21 (VI, Herm) [sale, BEth.: grammation]; VIII 703.10 (43/4, UP) [sale, OSim, bis]; 720.10-12 (VI, UP) [loan, B2]; 732.17-20 (228/9, Herm) [loan, OExt]; 740.10-12 (VI, Herm) [credit?, OExt]; 746.11-17 (II, ArsN) [loan, OExt]; 748.10-15 (III, UP) [loan, OExt]; 752.14-16 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 753.18-20 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 754.19 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 755.21-22 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 756.15-16 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 757.18-19 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 758.20 (VIIe, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 776.10-12 (IV, HermN?) [loan, OExt 2]; 779.3-5 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; IX 831.22-24 (162/3, Teb) [sale, SExt 2]; 886.6-14 (100, SokN) [sale, SExt]; P.Tebt. I 104.38-42 (92A, Kerkeosiris) [marriage, SExt]; 105.54-63 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [lease, SVExt]; II 311.31-34, 34-41 (134, Theog) [lease, OSim, OExt]; 312.19-23 (123/4, Teb) [loan, SExt2]; 317.34 (174/5, Teb/Alex)?; 373.17-21 (110/1, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 375.32-34 (140, PtolEu) [lease, OExt: ἔγραψα τὸ σομα (l. σῶμα) καὶ μεμίσθωμαι ἐπὶ πᾶσι τοῖς προκ‹ε›ιμέ|νοις;]; 378.31-34 (265, Teb) [lease, OExt with stipulatio]; 380.35-44 (67, Teb) [cession, SVExt]; 383.48-50, 53-58 (46, Teb) [diairesis, OSim, OExt]; 385.27-30 (117, Teb) [labour, SVExt] [hypographe of the ekdotes]; 385.30-31 (bis) (117, Teb) [labour, SVExt] [hypographe of the teacher]; 386.14-28 (12A, Teb) [marriage, OVExt]; 388.26-35 (98, Teb) [credit, Sext]; 390.30-41 (167, Teb) [credit, OExt, mult.]; 407.26-28 (199?, Teb)?; III.1 808.16-19 (15A-140A, Teb) [labour, OSim]; 819.47-48 (171A, Oxyrhyncha) [lease, OExt2]; ΙΙΙ.2 980.5-6 (153A, Teb) [credit, OSim: ed.: ὑπογέγραφα δὲ τοῖς ἐν | χωρίοις γράμμασιν ἀποδώσειν;]; P.Tebt.Tait 49.c.7-9 (89, PtolEu) [credit, OSim]; P.Tebt.Pad. I 19.7-11, 11-14 (IIb, Teb) [labour, OExt, ekdotes, teacher]; P.Tebt.Wall 9.27-33 (33, Teb) [credit, OVExt]; 12.27-36 (101, Teb) [diairesis, Pepo, SExt, tres: πεποίημαι τὴν διαίρεσιν καὶ κεκληρῶσθαι]; P.Thomas 7.1-13 passim (69, UP) [sale, OExt]; 28.23-26 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [antikatallage, BEth., with oath]; P.Turner 22.9-12 (142, Side) [sale, OExt: evictio]; 25.31-34 (161, Ox) [lease, OEx2]; 26.17-18 (195-198, PtolEu) [manumission, Pepo: eleutherosis with eudokesis]; P.Ups.Frid 5.36-44 (261, Ox) [sale, OExt with stipulatio (price clause)]; P.Vars. 10.1.28-30 (155, Ptolemais Drymu) [credit, OVExt, OSim]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 1.42-44 (598 ?, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 4.15-17 (VIs, Aphr) [sale, BSt: prasis]; 5.c.15-24 (VI, Aphr) [sale, BEth: prasis, BStExt]; 7.27-30 (546/7, Aphr) [will, BEth: diatheke]; P.Vind.Bosw. 6.20 (250, Herm) [sale, OExt2]; 10r.10-11 (IV, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 12.21 (286/7, Herm) [lease, OExt]; P.Vind.Sal. 8.33-34 (323, HermN) [lease, OSim]; P.Vind.Sijp. 9.23-31 (V, Marmarike) [lease, OExt]; 10.20-23 (V/VI, ArsN) [lease, OVExt]; 11.22-26 (453, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 12.25-29 (184, PtolEu) [credit, SExt]; 13.23-26 (372, Herak) [credit, OExt]; 15.20-22 (IV, Herm) [credit, BSt]; P.Vind.Tand. 22.20-22 (64, Nilopolis) [credit, Sext 2 (demotic)]; 23.15-22, 41-46 (225, HerakN) [credit, OExt]; 25a.1-32 passim (II, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 26.21-30 (143, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 28.28-29 (576/7, Herm) [lease, OSim]; P.Vind.Worp 10.17-25 (143/4, SokN?) [credit, SExt]; P.Vindob. G 13263 + 13376 + 14694, ll. 25-26 (498, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 13349.9-11 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 13458.7-9 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim, OExt2]; 15300.19 (575-599, Herm) [donatio mortis causa: BEth: dorea, BSt]; 20714.14-17 (Vl/VI, Herak) [credit: OExt + BSt]; P.Warr. 10.31-34 (591/2, Ox) [credit, BPepo: hypothekimaion grammation]; P.Wisc. I 9.34-40 (183, Ox) [sale, OVExt]; 10.17-21 (468, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 11.30-32 (646, Ox) [sale, BSt]; 13.9-14 (IIe, Ox) [will, OEth: diatheke]; II 51.6-7 (10A, UP); 58.19-21 (298, PtolEu) [sale, SExt]; 59.20-22 (298, PtolEu) [sale, SExt]; P.Worp 18.22-29 (138-61, Teb) [marriage. SExt]; 20.21-30 (155, Antin) [Lease; OVExt]; 29.3-4 (VIf?, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 30.8-9 (V/VI, Herm) [BEth: grammation]; P.Würz. 11.23 (99, ArsN); P.Yadin 11.30-31 (scr.ext) (124, En Gedi) [credit, OSim]; 17.40-42 (128, Maoza) [paratheke, SVExt, aramaic]; 18.68-69,70-72 (128, Maoza) [marriage, OSim (ekdotes), OSim (husband)]; 19.28-30 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza) [hereditary disposition, OSim]; 21.29-33 (130, Maoza) [sale, OSim]; 22.31-38 (130, Maoza) [sale, OExt]; P.Yale I 71.17-21 (456, Ox) [lease, OExt, BSymph]; 72.8-10 (V, Ox) [lease, OExt]; PSI I 32.26-28 (208, HerakN) [lease, OSim]; 33.29-32 (150/1 or 173/4, Phil) [lease, OSim]; 34.20-22 (397, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 36a.e.25-31 (11/12/13, Thead?) [credit, OExt]; 63.33-37 (624?, Ox) [credit, BSt: grammation]; 64.24-26 (IIA/IA, Ox) [marriage, OSim: ὀμώμοκα ὅρκον]; 77.34-37 (551, Ox) [lease, BSymph]; 79.25-31? (216/7, Ox) [sale, OExt,]; III 176.16-18 (V?, Ox) [lease, BStEx]; 178.17-21 (291, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 239.32-34 (601, Ox) [credit, OSim]; IV 283.26 (550, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 287.26-30 (377, Ox) [labour, BEthExt: homologia]; 296.24 (520, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 300.24-25 (324, Ox) [sale, OExt: εὐδοκῶ]; V 450r.1-27, ll. 1-21 (II, Ox) [marriage, OVExt, tres]; 466.23-27 (518, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis]; 468.42-47 (200, Ox) [lease, OExt]; VI 707.24-28 (351, Ox) [lease, OExt with stipulatio]; 709.27-31 (566, Ox) [lease, BSt: misthosis]; VII 739.35-43 (163, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 787.25 (176/7?, ArsN) [lease, OSim?]; VIII 799.5-8 (VI, Herm) [BEth: grammation]; 802.9-12 (85/6, Herm) [lease, OExt2]; 879.17-22 (99, Kar) [lease, OExt]; 881.10-13 (VI, OxN) [lease, BPepo., BSymph.]; 882.9-13 (337, OxN?) [sale, OExt]; 897.2.86-92 (93, Ox) [sale, BExt: homologia]; 908.1.14-25 (42/3, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 908.2.14-22, 23-25 (42/3, Teb) [credit, SExt, OSim]; 929.27-36 (111, ArsN) [credit, SExt]; 934.15-16 (VI, Aphr) [lease, OSim]; 963.28-30 (579, Ox) [credit, BSt: misthosis]; 964.20-30 (520/1 CE or 535/6 or 550/1, OxN) [credit, OExt. BSymph, with stipulatio]; IX 1030.27-30 (109, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1036.30-35 (192, OxN) [lease, OExt 2]; 1037.37-40 (301, Ox) [labour, OExt 2]; 1056.21-22 (VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 1068.27-28 (246, Ox)?; 1069.32-34 (246, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1078.29-32 (356, Lenonos) [lease, OExt]; X 1098.43-45 (51A, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 1119.40-49 (156, Ox) [sale, OVExt]; 1122.31-34 (VI, OxN) [sale, BSt: grammation]; 1129.1-19 (24/3A, Teb) [lease, OVExt]; 1131.37 (41, PtolEu) [credit, OSim]; 1134.30-31 (91, Teb) [lease, OSim]; 1142.23-29 (154, Teb) [credit, OExt 2]; 1143.27-33 (164, Teb) [lease, OExt]; 1144.18-25 (99?, Teb) [ekchoresis, SVExt]; XII 1228.29-34 (188, OxN?) [sale, OExt]; 1239.21-23, 23-27 (430, Antin) [sale, OExt, bis: vendor and co-vendor]; 1249.43-57 (265, Ox) [sale, OExt with stipulatio]; 1251.34-35 (252, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 1263.12-25 (166/7, Ox) [will, OVExt]; XIII 1319.1.22-32 (76, SokN) [sale, OExt]; 1319.2.77-82 (76, SokN) [credit, OSim]; 1320.17-23 (82-88, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 1338.23 (299, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 1340.19-24 (420, Petne) [credit, OExt2, BSymph]; 1341.20-22 (Vb, Antin) [Antikatallage, BEth with stipulatio]; XIV 1405.19-22 (133, ArsN) [sale, OExt 2]; 1427.24-26 (565, Ox) [credit, BSt]; 1443.5-9 (IIIs, UP); XV 1546.1-27 ll. 23-25 (222, HerakN) [sale, OExt]; XVII 1715.11-16 (37, Teb) [sale, SExt]; PSI Congr. XX 6.14-26 (41, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 14.15-16, 17-18 (III, UP) [sale, OSim, bis]; 16.23-25 (330-340?, Ox?) [sale, OExt with stipulatio]; RMO 1976/4.36.1.8-12 (VI?, Herm?); SB I 4370.40-45 (229, HerakN) [credit, OExt]; 4414.18-21 (143, Kar) [sale SSim: ἐκκεχωρηκέναι]; 4489.14-16 (584, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 4490.30-31 (641 or 656, ArsPol) [labour, BSt: misthosis]; 4491.13-14 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]: 4493.10-12 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 4496.27-30 (593, ArsPol) [sale, BSt, with stipulatio]; 4498.22-26 (VI, ArsPol) [lease, BSymph: gramma]; 4501.13-17 (V, ArsN) [credit, BSt, bis]; 4503.31-33 (605/607, This) [labour, BSt]; 4504.26-29 (613, This) [sale, BSt]; 4505.28-32 (606, This) [sale, BSt]; 4652.12-15 (304, Oasis Magna) [credit, OExt2]; 4661.16-19 (VI/VII, ArsN) [sale, OExt, BSt]; 4662.13 (632, ArsN) [diairesis, B1]; 4675.11-14 (VI/VII, ArsN) [sale, BSymph]; 4683.11-18 (VI/VII, HermN) [sale, BEth, BSt]; 4687.7-10 (VI, ArsN); 4703.32-36? (VII, ArsN); 4727.10-11 (IV-VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 4733.7-8 (VII, ArsN); 4753.12-15 (523, ArsPol) [lease, OExt, ἀπέλυσα]; 4771.6-7 (IV-VII, ArsN); 4785.16-18 (IV-VII, ArsPol); 4830.4-6 ? (IV-VII, ArsN) [credit, BSymph]; 5112.69-75 (618, Apol Magna) [sale, BEth: prasis, BSt]; 5114.47-51 (630-640, Apol) [sale, BSt, ἀπέλυσα]; 5246.18-20, 21-22 (3/2A, SokN) [sale, SExt, bis]; 5247.15-23 (47, SokN) [sale, OVExt]; 5252.35-37 (65, Nilopolis) [lease, OExt]; 5285.43-46 (607, PanopN) [credit, BSt]; 5286.32-35 (607, Panop) [lease, BSt]; 5325.3-4 (IV-VII, UP) [labour, BSt]; 5670.20 (167-192, ArsN); 5673.22-24 (147, HermN) [sale, ἐπιδέδωκα]; 5679.26-31 (307, Oasis Magna) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; IV 7358.18-24 (277-282, Kar) [credit, OVExt]; 7369.28-29 (512, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 7375.26-28 (222-235, Panop); 7441.14-16 (230?, UP) [lease, OSim]; 7443.26-30 (285, Ox) [lease, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 7444.19-22 (327, Ox) [lease, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 7466.20-26 (147, Thead) [credit, OExt2]; 7559.31 (118, Teb) [will, OExt2]; 7758.31-35 (497, MagdBou) [credit, OExt2]; 8086.25-26 (268, Sentrempais); VI 8971.15 (284/5, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 8974.47-50 (IbA, Bousiris) [marriage, OExt: ed. l. 48 τέθειμαι τὴν τοῦ συνοικεσίου συνγρα[φήν];]; 8986.36-38 (641, Apol) [marriage, BEth: homologia tes asphaleias]; 8987.42-44 (644/5, Ox) [sale, BSt]; 9051.15-18 (VI, HermN) [sale, BSt with stipulation]; 9085 inv. 16048 ll. .21-24 (565, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 9085 inv. 16055 ll. 33-35 (589, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 9109.11-17 (31, Teb) [sale, SVExt]; 9130.8-18 (211, UP) [lease, OExt]; 9151.9-10 (c. 600, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 9214.31-35 (311, Ox) [sale, OExt2]; 9216.7-19, 24 (mult.) (285, Herm) [sale, OVExt, OSim, mult.]; 9219.21-23, 23-24 (319, Herm) [sale, OExt2]; 9270.18-24 (337, UP) [credit, OExt]; 9280.22-26 (VIs, ArsPol) [sale, OExt2]; 9282.11-15 (c. 500, HerakN) [sale, OExt2]; 9291.34-37 (93, Thead) [credit (depositum irregulare), SExt]; 9294.24-25 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, SSim]; 9311.16-20 (374, Kar) [credit, OExt2]; 9377.18-22 (138, Teb) [will, SVExt]; 9459.17-19 (VI, ArsN) [credit, BSymph]; 9461.28-29 (632, Boubastos) [lease, BSt]; 9561.28-33 (590, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis]; 9562.19-21 (214, Phil); 9569.17-30 (91, UP) [sale, OExt, bis]; 9587.41 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 9588.13 (VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 9589.17-19 (VIl, ArsPol) [lease, BSt: gramma]; 9590.25 (VI/VII, Herak) [antikatallage, BSt]; 9612.1-12 passim (88/7A?, Theog) [lease, OExt, OSim, bis]; 9618.21-25, 25-27, 27-29 (192, PtolEu) [sale, OExt, OSim, bis]; VIII 9642.4.23-29 (117-137, Teb) [will, OVExt]; 9642.5.21-27 (139-161, Teb) [will, OVExt]; 9642.6.20-26 (c. 133, Teb) [will, SVExt]; 9679.1-5 (after 146A, Euh?) [credit, OExt τέθειμαι]; 9770.11-14 (511, ArsN) [credit, SVExt]; 9772.17-22 (VI, ArsN?) [credit, BSt]; 9830.30-36 (84-96, ArsN) [sale, OExt]; 9831.16-18 (Il, ArsN) [sale, SExt]; 9873.14-16 (244, Oasis Magna) [sale, OExt2]; 9876.16-21 (534, Herak) [lease, BPepo: misthapoche]; 9906.28 (193/4, PtolEu); 9907.27-30 (388, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 9919.11-15 (IIIl, OxN) [lease, OExt2]; 9931.22-24 (405, Herm) [lease, OSim]; X 10222.22-29 (20, Ox) [credit, OExt]; 10234.3-8 (35, Ox) [sale, OExt2?]; 10236.42-45 (36, Ox) [labour, OSim, ἐκδιδάξω]; 10238.21-22 (37, Ox) [credit, OSim]; 10246.20-23 (55, Ox) [credit, OExt2]; 10263.40-43 (204, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 10274.5-19 (98, Ox) [lease, OExt]; 10533.24-26 (171, UP) [lease, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 10538.23-30 (130, Teb) [credit, OExt2]; X 10553.5-11 (VIe, Path) [credit: SExt BSt]; 10571.25-30 (194, PtolEu) [sale, OExt]; 10728.23-25 (318, Ox) [sale, OExt, with stipulatio]; XII 10784.19-21? (c. 330-340, Oasis Magna?); 10810.6-7 (VI, UP) [credit, BSt: asphaleia (acc!)]; 10942.38-41 (4A, OxN) [lease, OExt]; 11019.1-9 (89, Ox); 11041.11-13 (20/1, Teb) [credit, OExt2]; 11225.9-13 (425-450, UP) [diairesis, OVExt, with stipulatio]; 11228.36-41 (204, OxN) [credit, OVExt]; XIV 11385.20-24 (326, ArsN) [credit, SVExt]; 11278.16-17 (316, Ox) [sale, OExt]; 11279.39-42 (44, Thead) [lease, OSim, OVExt]; 11373.16 (513, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 11386.21-25 (288, PtolEu) [credit, OExt]; 11600.27 (91-96, Bac?); 11703.9-14 (IIIl, HerakN) [sale, OVExt with stipulatio]; 11711.27-28 (332, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 11843.23-30 (95, Teb) [sale, SExt]; 11855.32-38 (547 ?, Aphr) [lease, BSymph]; 11877.23-32 (348 , Phil) [sale, OExt2]; 11895.1-11 passim (45, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 11933.43, 44 (27A, PtolEu) [lease, OSim]; 12017.23-28 (156, Teb) [credit, OExt2]; 12021.16-17? (377, Ox); 12023.16-21 (II, Teb) [credit, OExt 2]; 12049.19-20 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 12050.29-31 (498, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 12052.14-15 (545/560, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 12088.29-35 (346, Ox) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; 12105.28-30 (129, Thead) [credit, OSim?]; 12109.15-20 (377, Kar) [sale, OExt2]; 12132.16-17 (VI, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 12190.24-29 (297, UP) [credit, OExt, with stipulatio]; XVI 12333.20-23 (189, Ox?) [credit, OExt]; 12378.25-28 (504, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 12469.22-31 (26A, SokN) [lease; OVExt]; 12486.24-28 bis (470, HermN) [sale, OSim]; 12489.13-17 (Vm, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; 12491.18-20 (VI/VII, HermN) [sale, BEth: grammateion]; 12492.29-33 (638, HermN) [sale, BEth: grammateion]; 12559.22-25 (155, KerkArs) [sale, OSim]; 12583.24-29 (500, Ox) [lease, OExt, BPepo: misthosis]; 12612.17-22 (203, SokN) [sale, SExt2]; 12758.20 (88, PtolEu); 12836.36-38 (225, Ankyron Polis); 12864.16-18 (506, Herm) [sale, BEth: homologia]; 12957.21-27 (103-114, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 13017.28-36 (24a, SokN) [lease, OVExt]; 13030.17 (205, Alabastrine) [credit, SSim]; 13037.21-22 (522/3, HermN) [sale, OExt2]; 13042.21-26 (29, Ox) [credit, OVExt]; XVIII 13102.13-19 (81-95, UP) [lease, OExt: ἐπιδέδωκα]; 13161.8-28 ll. 27-28 (138, ArsN/HermN) [lease, OExt]; 13161.29-49 ll. 46-49 (138, ArsN/HermN) [credit, OExt]; 13161.49-60 l. 60 (after 138, ArsN/HermN) [lease, OExt]; 13173.102-107 (629/644, Herm) [sale, BEth, BSt]; 13320.96-103 (613-641, Aphr) [sale, BEth: prasis, BSt, oath]; 13584.21-22 (VIm, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 13585.5-7 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 13586.15-17 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 13866.18-20 (138-161?, SokN) [sale, OSim]; 13885.24-28 (547/562, ArsPol) [lease, OExt]; 13897.19-23 (111, Teb) [sale, OSim]; 13947.17-22 (507, OxN) [sale, BSymphExt2]; 13961.4-5 (630-645, ArsN) [labour, B1]; 13962.11-12 (630-645, ArsN) [labour, BSt]; 13963.8-9 (VI/VII, ArsN)?; 13974.14-15 (250, ArsN) [credit, OExt2]; 13997.13 (VIIb, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 14001.24-27 (486, ArsN) [lease, BStExt]; XX 14110.21-22 (VI, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 14293.23-29 (383, Kellis) [sale, OExt]; 14298.17-19 (IV, UP) [credit, OExt2]; 14314.18-20 (26, Teb) [sale, OSim: ἐπιδέδωκα*]; 14336.11-23 (91/2 or 107/8, Ox) [sale, OVExt]; 14338.19-22 (120, Ox) [lease, OSim]; 14379.29-32 (320, Kar) [labour, OSim]; 14400.15-17 (VI/VII, UP) [labour, BSt: symphonon]; 14585.17 (319, UP) [labour, BPepo: aposystatikon, with stipulatio]; 14969.9-11; 15008.24-28 (578, Herak) [lease, BPepo: misthosis]; 15043.10-12 (VI/VII, Herm) [labour, BEth: grammation]; 15202.20-21 (VIf, Aphr) [sale, BSymph, OExt]; XXII 15245.5-10 (VI, ArsN) [lease, OExt 2]; 15322.13-15 (535, HermN) [credit; OExt 2]; 15326.17-21 (222-235, Kar) [credit, OExt 2]; 15345.17-21 (116, Teb) [will, SVExt]; 15472.20-26 (134, PtolEu) [sale, OVExt]; 15493.14-16 (435, Sesiy) [lease, OSim]; 15595.12 (VI/VII, HermN) [sale, BEth]; 15604.19-20 (after 276?, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 15613.21-29, 29-30 (111, Teb) [lease, OExt]; 15618.18-21 (427/8?, Alabastrine) [sale, OExt]; 15620.15-20 (424, Alabastrine) [lease, OSim]; 15637.15-24 (130, Thead) [sale, OExt]; 15728.20-28 (347, Euh) [sale, SExt]; 15729.40-41 (639, ArsPol) [lease, BSt]; XXIV 15881.8-9 (III/IV, Kar) [credit, SSim]; 15923.11-12 (VIl/VIIe, HermN?) [lease, SSim]; 15925.13-19 (VIe, Ox) [lease, BPepo: misthosis, with stipulatio]; 15965.19-22 (III/IV, Kar) [sale, OExt]; 16001.23-24 (168, Kar) [will, OExt 2]; 16112.4-5 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 16128.5-9 (V, OxN) [lease, OExt, ἐξ ἀλληλεγγύης]; 16189.6 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease]; 16190.8-10 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease, SSim]; 16191.6-8 (VI/VII, AntinN) [lease, OExt]; 16196.7-8 (VI/VII, ArsN) [lease]?; 16265.15-16 (259/60, OxN) [sale, OExt 2, with stipulatio]; 16320.23-24 (293-304, Kellis) [labour, OExt: obligations to teach]; XXVI 16478.1-7 passim (IIIf, PtolEu) [sale, OExt]; 16479.1-6 passim (before 255, PtolEu) [sale]; 16487.3-5 (VI, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 16488.3-7 (VI, ArsN/HerakN) [lease, OSim]; 16567.18-23 (I/II, SokN) [credit, OExt 2]; 16584.9-11 (VII, Qurnat Mar‘y) [labour, BSt, Coptic]; 16662.9-12 (VI, AntaiN) [lease, OSim]; 16752.14-23 (494/5, OxN) [sale, OExt, Symph]; 16756.11-15 (IV/V, UP) [credit, OExt]; 16819.30-33 (332, Herm) [lease, OSim, with stipulatio]; XXVIII 16858.18-19 (507?, Herm) [credit, OExt 2]; 16865.9-10 (VII, ArsN) [lease, BSt]; 16904.22-28 (90, SokN) [sale, SVExt]; 16909.17-21 (420, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 17004.4-8 (Vm, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 17014.7-9 (528/9?, Herak) [sale; BSymph: grammation]; 17196.22-25 (426, Ox) [lease, OExt2]; 17201.14-17 (VI/VII, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 17208.16-19 (IVend/Vb, Herak) [lease, OExt2]; 17458.25-38 (122/3, Kar) [meriteia, SVExt]; XXX 17328.10-13 (546/ 561, Herak); 17338.22 (621, ArsPol) [lease, BSt: misthosis]; 17339.31-32 (630, ArsPol) [credit, BSt]; 17622.17-20 (293, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 17623.18-19 (293, Herm) [sale, OExt2]; 17624.18-19 (293/4, Herm); SPP I pp. 6-7 (1) ll. 31-32 (Vl, Antin) [sale, OSim, BEth]; pp. 7-8 (2) ll. 28-29 (454, Antin) [sale, OExt]; II p. 33 l. 18 (328, Herm) [lease, OSim]; III 334.3-4 (VI, ArsN?) [credit, BSt]; 376.4-5 (VI/VII, HermN) [credit, OVExt] ?; 432.7 (VII/VIII, OxN); V 119r.2 ll. 29-31 (before 266, Herm); 119r.3.31-34 (266, Herm) [lease, OSim]; 119r.7.30-31 (266, Herm) [lease, OSim]; X 101.10-11 (IV/V, HermN) ?; XX 1.24-34, 34-35, 35-36 (83/4, PtolEu) [sale, SVExt] [sale, OExt]; 16.27-30 (193, Herak) [credit, OExt]; 21.27-28 (215, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 32.26-30 (231/2, HerakN) [freight contract]; 35.16-17 (235, HerakN) [will, διεθέμην*]; 45.19-21 (237, Mochchyris) [credit, OExt2]; 50.34 (168/9, Aphrodite Berenike) [sale, OSim: μετενήνοχα]; 55.19-21 (250, HerakN) [lease, OSim]; 70.31-32 (261, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; 72.21 (271/2, Herm) [sale, OExt]; 79.5-6 (321, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 102.2-4 (374/5, UP) [lease, OSim]; 104.7-9 (383, UP) [lease, OExt2]; 110.28-31 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [sale, OExt2]; 113.6-10 (401, UP) [lease, OSim]; 114.19-24 (421, Alex) [credit, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 117.15-19 (411, Koba) [sale, OVExt2, with stipulatio]; 121.36-40 (439, Herm) [sale, OVExt]; 139.17-19 (531, ArsPol) [credit, OExt2, with stipulatio]; 142.22-24 (543, ArsPol) [lease, OSim]; 145.9-10 (VIs, ArsPol) [sale, BSt: prasis]; 148.20-23 (VI, HerakN) [sale, BSymph]; 218.38-40 (624?, HermN) [lease, OSim]; 219.36-39 (604, ArsPol) [labour, BSt]; 269.17-20 (VI/VII, UP) [sale, BSt: homologia, BSymph]; XXII 20.24-35 (3?, UP) [sale, SExt]; 22.19-20 (142, Philopator alias Theogenous) [sale, SExt]; 24.7-10 (II, UP); 40.33-38 (150, SokN) [labour, OExt (ekdotes)]; 53.3-10 (149, SokN) [credit, OVExt 2]; 78.7-11 (140/1, SokN) [credit, OExt?]; 82.9-12 (II, SokN) [credit, OExt]; 83.20-21, 22-24, 25-28 (146-156, SokN) [credit, OExt (second)]; 173.27-38 (40, SokN) [lease, SExt].
3. Anagnosis
Category: Envelope, Testamentary
At issue here is the language of the will and the way the testator conveyed his last will. In P.Oxy. XXII 2348.49-51 (224 CE, Oxyrhynchos) and in P.Oxy. XXXVIII 2857.34-37 (134 CE, Oxyrhynchos) one presupposes a text in Latin. In the latter document, the testator states that he has read the Greek text that was meant to serve as a Vorlage for the Latin document: Τι{ι}βέριος Κλαύδιος | 35 Ἀλέξανδρος ἀνέγνων μου τὴν δι̣α̣θήκην πρὸς | 36 [ἣν] ἠθέλησα τὴν Ῥ̣ωμα̣ϊκήν μου̣ γ̣[ρ]α̣φῆναι. | 37 συμ]φ̣ω̣ν‹ε›ῖ μοι [γ]ὰρ π̣ά̣ντα ὡ[ς πρ]ό̣κ[ιτ]αι (‘I, Tiberius Claudius Alexander, have read my will, [in consonance with which] I wished my Roman will to be written. For I agree with it all as set out above’) (transl.: editio princeps, p. 78). In the former, the testator states that he has read a Greek copy of the Roman text of the will and affirms that it corresponds to the text that he has dictated: Α[ὐ]ρήλιος Χαιρήμων Ἡρακλείδου | 50 ἀνέγνων τὸ προκείμενον ἑλληνικὸν ἀντίγραφον τῆς διαθήκης μου | 51 καὶ συμφωνεῖ μοι πάντα καθὼς ἐγὼ ὑπηγόρευσα (‘I, Aurelius Chairemon, son of Heracleides, have read the aforesaid Greek copy of my will and I agree with it all, just as I dictated it’). By the time SPP XX 35.12-15 (235 CE, Herakleopolites) was composed, an imperial constitution permitted a Roman will to be written in Greek: τὴν διαθήκην ἐποίησα γράμμασιν] | 13 Ἑλ̣λ̣η̣νικοῖς ἀκο[λού]θως τῇ θείᾳ κ̣[ελε]ύ̣σ̣[ει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Αὐτοκράτορος Μάρκου Αὐρηλίου] | 14 Σεουήρου Ἀλεξάνδρ̣[ο]υ Εὐσεβοῦς Εὐ[τ]υχ[οῦς Σεβαστοῦ ἐφʼ ὑπογραφῇ μαρτύρων ἓξ ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα (?)] | 15 καὶ οἱ εἰκονισμοὶ ἑξῆς δηλοῦνται ἰδίοι[ς αὐτῶν γράμμασι καὶ -ca.?- (‘I have composed my will in Greek letters in accordance with the divine constitution of our lord, Imperator Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander Pius Felix Augustus, upon the subscription of six witnesses whose names and physical description are recorded in their own writing’). Cf. also N. Th. 16.8.
Bibl.: Kreller (1919): 330-333; Kaser (1971): 687; Amelotti (1966): 78-79; Rochette (2000): 453; Nowak (2010): 163-168.
P.Cair.Masp. III 67324.16-20 (VII, Aphr); P.Oxy. VI 990 descriptum (331, Ox); XXII 2348.49-51 (224, Ox); XXXVIII 2857.34-37 (134, Ox); P.Ryl. II 153.43-45 (169, Herm); P.Stras. 14001 277.1-3 (IIIs, ArsN); SPP XX 35.12-15 (235 HerakN).
4. Affirmation of Validity
Category: Envelope, Testamentary
In P.Cair.Masp. III 67324.9-12 (526/7 CE, Aphrodite) the testator reports that he has dictated the will and had it subscribed by seven witnesses whom he has summoned in person. The testator also adds his own hypographe: ἥνπερ | 10 δ̣ι̣[αθ]ήκην ὑπεγόρευσα (l. ὑπηγόρευσα) καὶ παρεσκεύ[α]σα α(ὐ)τὴν γραφῆναι κ(αὶ) ὑπογραφ[ῆναι δ]ι̣[ὰ τ]ῶν | 11 ἑξῆς ὑπογραφόντων μαρτύρων ἑπτὰ τὸν ἀριθμὸν, οὕσπερ μάρτυρας προσ|εκαλεσάμην, κ(αὶ) παρανέγνων αὐτοῖς τὴν δύ̣ν̣αμιν τῆς δ̣ι̣α̣θ̣ή̣κης κ̣α̣ὶ̣ π̣έ̣π̣ε̣ι̣κ̣[α] | 12 κ̣α̣τ̣ὰ̣ τ̣ο̣ὺ̣ς̣ ν̣[όμους] ὑπογράψαι (‘I have dictated this will and had it written and signed by witnesses who added their subscription in the following, seven in number, whom I summoned and in whose presence I read the authority of the will, and whom I persuaded to add their subscriptions in accordance with the laws’). The clause may derive from the early Roman anagnosis clause.
5. Epitetacha
Category: Envelope
SB VI 9110.33 (26 CE, Tebtynis) exhibits an autograph confirmation by a ‘slow writer’ who commissioned a (more) literate bystander to compose the text: Ὀρσεῦς Παῶπις ἐπ{ε}ιτέταχα γρ[άφειν (‘I, Orseus son of Paopis, have given instruction to write’). A connection to the charagmos clause is probable in documents from Soknopaiou Nesos and is almost certain in SB VI 9612.8-9 (88/7 BCE, Theogonis): ἐπιτετάχαμεν τῶι συναλλαγματογράφωι καὶ τοῖς | 9 μάρτυσι καὶ τῶι πρὸς τῶι γραφίωι γράφειν (‘We have commissioned the synallagmatographos, the witnesses, and that who is in charge of the grapheion to write’).
CPR XV 1.22 (3A, SokN); P.Dime III 27GD.37-38, 27GH.11 (54, SokN); 37GH.7-8GD (21/2, SokN); P.Louvre I 9.33-34 (47/8, SokN); P.Mich.V 252.9-10 (25/6, Teb); 273.10-11 (46, ArsN); 278.9-10 [with 279] (c. 30, ArsN); 288.1-2, 4, 6-7 [with 289] (I, ArsN); 305.23 (I, ArsN); V 336.7 (27, ArsN); 348.32-33 (26, Teb); IX 554.63-64 (before 93, PtolEu); P.Ryl.II 160.6-7 (28/9, SokN); 160a.6-7 (15-36, SokN); 310.7 (33, SokN); P.Vind.Tand. 25a.25-27 (II, SokN); PSI VIII 905.16-17 (25/6, Teb); SB I 5247.22-23 (47, SokN); VI 9110.33 (26, Teb); 9612.8-9 (88/7A, Theog); XIV 11895.4-5 (45, SokN).
6. Egrapsen
Category: Envelope
The parties’ duty to autographically record the key details of contracts in Greek arises in the second century BCE. Given that these parties were often unable to accomplish that task, the autographic text is composed by a literate bystander. The richest sources—many hundreds of hypographai recording the activity of such bystanders—are discussed elsewhere in this book (see: ‘hypographe’). Recorded here is a case in which one party to the contract was supposed to compose the entire text, a task that was taken over by the literate bystander. This is foremost the case in 28 agoranomic instruments, 52 cheirographa, and 126 grapheion documents featuring, in Greek, the text of the hypographe only.
In this clause, which shows remarkable regional and diachronic uniformity, the act of writing is predominately reported in the indicative aorist of γράφω (ἔγραψα), followed by ὑπέρ plus genitive denoting the person for whom the document is composed, with an indication of kinship, if any. The object is usually implied but is sometimes explicitly stated, in the accusative: τὰ ὅλα, τὰ πλεῖστα, τὸ σῶμα. The clause then explains the circumstances that elicited the bystander’s activity: the bystander must step in because the contracting party is a ‘slow writer’, a term used primarily in documentation from the first-century Arsinoite nome (But already in BGU II 543.16-17 (27 BCE, Haueris) ἔγραψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ Ζήνων | 17 Ζήνωνος ἀξιωθεὶς διὰ τὸ βραδύτερα αὐτὸν γράφειν (‘I, Zenon son of Zenon, having been requested, has written on his behalf because he is a slow writer’) or, in all other cases, due to complete illiteracy. The state of illiteracy is expressed through the adjective ἀγράμματος, qualifying the illiterate party in the genitive, e.g., P.Sakaon 60.20 (306 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): Αὐρήλιος Πλουτάμμων Διδύμου ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτου (l. αὐτῆς) ἀγραμμάτου (‘I, Aurelios Ptoulammon, son of Didymos, have written on her behalf because he is illiterate’) [below: 16 cases]. More commonly, the state of illiteracy is expressed through the negation of ἐπίσταμαι and οἶδα, with γράμματα functioning as the object of the verb. Usually, the nature of the letters—the identity of the language—is not stated, but in some notable exceptions the reason for the bystander’s activity is that the party knows Egyptian letters but not Greek: P.Gen. I 30.16-18 (142 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos): ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ | 17 [μὴ εἰδότ]ος γράματα (l. γράμματα) εἰ μὴ | 18 [Αἰγύπτι]α (‘I have written on his behalf since he does not know letters, except for Egyptian’); SB XII 11041 (20/1 CE, Tebtynis): ἔγραψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν] | 8 Μαρεψῆμις Μαρεψῆμις (l. Μαρεψήμιος) λ̣[εσώνου διὰ τὸ τὸν μὲν] | 9 Ψενκῆβκι̣ν̣ Αἰγύπτια γρ̣[άφειν, τὸν δὲ ἄλλον μὴ εἰδέναι] | 10 γράμματα (‘Marepsemis son of Marepsemis, a lesonιs, has written on their behalf since Psenkebkis knows Egyptian letters, and the other knows no letters’). As shown by these two texts, οἶδα can stand in the participle, qualifying αὐτοῦ (below: 81 cases), or in the (nominal) infinitive, introduced by διὰ τό (86 cases). Some literate bystanders qualify the statement of illiteracy by noting that they acted because the contracting party claimed to be unable to write the text (14 cases), or wrote the text upon the party’s request (17 cases). Both features are evident in P.Hamb. I 58.3-4 (83 BCE, Unknown Provenance): Ἀπολλόδοτος ‹ε›ἷς τῶν μ[αρ]τ̣ύρ[ω]ν ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ Ἡλιοδώρου ἀξιωθ̣[εὶς παρʼ αὐτοῦ] | 4 διὰ τ̣ὸ̣ φασκω̣ν (l. φάσκειν) γράμ[μ]ατα μ̣ὴ ἐπίστασθαι (‘I, Apollodotos, one of the witnesses, have written on Heliodoros’ behalf having been requested because he claimed that he knew no letters’).
The egrapsen clause is occasionally used to report additional duties undertaken by a literate bystander in the contract: his appointment as the kyrios of the contracting party (P.Oxy. II 263.17-20: 77 CE, Oxyrhynchos), as surety (P.Stras. VI 557.25-28: 291 CE, Hermopolis), and his attendance at the recording of the legal act in the document (P.Diog. 11.29-31 (213 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): Μᾶρκος Λουκρήτιος Διογένης ὁ ἀνὴρ κα̣ὶ κύριος ἔ̣γρα|30ψα̣ ὑ̣π̣ὲρ τῆς γυναικός μου Ἰσιδώρας ἀγραμμάτου καὶ παρή̣|31μ̣η̣ν τῇ μεσιτίᾳ (l. μεσιτείᾳ) (‘I, Marcus Lucretius Diogenes, husband and kyrios, have written on behalf of my illiterate wife and was present at the act of bequeathal’). In one particular case, that in P.Euphrates 9.28-31 (252 CE, Beth Phouraia), the contracting party seems to have orally acknowledged the performance of the act of sale before the literate bystander: [- ca.19 – ἔγρ]α̣ψα̣ ὑπὲρ Αυλαι{αι}ας (l. Αυλαια) Αβδιλαιου τοῦ προγε̣γραμμένου ἀγραμμάτ̣ο̣υ̣ ὁμο|30[λογοῦντος ἀποδόσθαι τὴν προγ]εγραμμένην δούλην ὀνόματι Ουαρδανναιαν καὶ ἀπει[ληφ]έναι τ̣ὴ̣ν̣ | 31 [τιμὴν δηνάρια πεντα]κόσσια (l. [πεντα]κόσια) πεντήκοντα ἀκολούθως τ̣οῖς προγεγραμμένοις (‘I have written on behalf of the aforesaid Aulaias Abdilaios, an illiterate, as he acknowledged that he had sold the aforementioned she-slave whose name is Ouardannaia and that he had obtained the price, five hundred fifty denarii in accordance with the aforesaid terms’). In the Byzantine period, such an oral acknowledgement may be implied in a formulation such as that in P.Grenf. I 60.57-58 (582 CE, Antinoopolis): [ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἀκουσά]σης καὶ εἰπούσης μοι γράμματα μὴ εἰδυίης | 58 παρούσης καὶ εἰπούσης (‘I have written on her behalf after she heard and spoke to me since she does not know letters, though she was present and spoke’).
Bibl.: Youtie (1971a): 162-163; (1971b): 239-261; Wolff (1978): 164-165; Yiftach (2016): 269-281; Litinas – Triantafyllou (2019): 102-104.
ax.: ἀξιωθείς (‘having; been requested’); agram.: ἀγράμματος (‘illiterate’); gme.: γράμματα μὴ εἰδότων (‘does not know writing’); diat.: διὰ τὸ κτλ. (nominal infinitive); phask.: φάσκειν (‘since he claims that…’); brad.: διὰ τὸ βραδύτερα αὐτὸν γράφειν (‘since he is a slow-writer’); paron.: παρόντος (indication of presence of the illiterate).
BGU I 13.21-22 (289, ArsN) [ax., gme.]; 69.17-21 (120, ArsN) [ax., diat., brad.]; 86.38 (155, SokN) [gme.]; 189.12-14 (7, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 190.2.15-16 (81-96, ArsN) [gme.]; 300.13-14 (148, ArsN) [ed.: ἔγραψα τὰ πλ[εῖσ]τα;]; 326.2.18 (189, Kar) [τῇ ἰδίᾳ μου χειρὶ ἔγραψα]; II 427.23-25 (159, SokN) [agram.]; 453.17 (154, SokN) [gme.]; 520.15-16 (172, Kar) [ἔγραψα τὰ ὅλα]; 543.16-17 (27A, Haueris) [ax., diat., brad.]; 664.7-8 (I, ArsN) [agram.]; III 719.16-17 (81, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 751.11-12 (IV/V, ArsN) [ax., paron., agram.]; 782.22-23 (182/3, ArsN); 857.13 (113, UP) [autograph]; 906.24-26 (34/5, ArsN) [gme., kyrios]; 910.2.45 (70, SokN) [diat., gme.]; IV 1045.2.18-22 (154, Alabanthis?) [gme.]; VI 1282.19-21 (IIA/IA, ArsN ?) [ax., diat., phask., gme]; VII 1653.16-17 (212, Phil) [agram.]; XI 2048.16-17 (217, HermN) [phask., meg.]; XII 2189.6-7 (VI, Herm) [ax., gme.]; 2204.28-29 (574, Herm) [gme.]; XIX 2827r.44 (595, Herm) [gme.]; CPR I 137.6-7, 8-9 (c. 200, HerakN) [gme.]; 184.6 (II, HerakN or ArsN); 193.5-6 (160, ArsN) [ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα]; VII 41.10 (513, HermN) [gme.]; X 28.10 (VI, ArsPol) [agram.]; XV 2.16-17 (11, SokN) [diat., gme]; 47.5 (46/7, SokN) [diat., gme]; XVIIb 11.29-35, l. 34 (217/8, Panop); 13.16–21, l. 21 (217/8, Panop) [gme.]; 17.10–15, l. 15 (217, Panop) [kyrios]; 17.21-29, l. 28 (217/8, Panop); 23.3-9, l. 9 (217/8?, Panop); O.Did. 136.7-10 (215, Didymoi) [gme.]; P.Abinn. 62.17-20 (350, Phil) [gme.]; 64.19-20 (337-350, Alex/Phil) [ἔγραψα τὰ πλεῖστα]; P.Adler 4.20-24 (109A, Ptolemais) [ax., diat., gme.]; P.Alex. Inv. 119.4-5 (I-IV, UP); P.Bad. II 19a.16-17 (110, HermN) [ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα, gme.]; 28.7-9 (331, Herm) [phask., gme.]; P.Bon. 25.25-26 (185, Phys) [gme.]; P.Bour. 13.8-9 (98, Memphis) [gme.]; P.Brook. 73.5-7 (IV, Upper Egypt) [gme.]; P.Cair.Isid. 92.17-18 (314, Kar) [agram.]; 93.24-26 (282, PtolEu) [phask., gme.]; P.Cair.Preis. 38.17-19 (IV, UP) [gme.]; P.Col. VIII 222.1.34-36 (160/1, Upper Egypt) [gme.]; VIII 243.8-9 (V/VI, UP); P.Dime III 8GH.8 (23, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 13GH.7 (23, SokN); 14GH.7 (29, SokN); 16GH.7,12 (34?, SokN); 21GH.5 (45, SokN); 27GD.23-24, 27GH.9-10 (54, SokN); 28.8-10 (55, SokN) [partly Demotic]; 36GH.7 (20A, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 37GH.9 (20/1, SokN); 39GH.15-18 (11/10A, SokN); P.Diog. 11.29-31 (213, PtolEu) [gme., παρήμην τῇ μεσιτείᾳ]; 30.24-25 (222-235, Phil?) [phask., gme.]; P.Dryton 3.64-66 (126A, Path); P.Dura 30.36-38 (232, Qatna) [ax.: ἐρωτηθείς; agram.; ε̣ὐδ[ο]κ̣[ούσης];]; P.Erasm. I 14.8-12 (IImA, ArsN) [diat., phask., gme.]; P.Erl. 72.11-12 (IV, OxN) [gme.]; P.Euphrates 8.32-33 (251, Beth Phuraia) [gme.]; 9.28-31 (252, Beth Phuraia) [gme., ὁμο[λογοῦντος ἀποδόσθαι] κτλ.]; P.Fam.Tebt. 2.31-33 (92, Teb) [ax., agram.]; 11.1.20-23 (108, Teb) [gme.]; P.Flor. I 85.21-23 (91, HermN) [gme.]; III 323.21 (525, Herm) [gme.]; 370.20-21, 23-24 (132, HermN) [gme.]; P.FuadUniv. 19.14 (145/6, UP) [gme.]; P.Gen. I 30.15-18 (142, SokN) [gme., only Egyptian]; P.Genov. I 35.7-8 (VI, Herm?) ed.: ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν παρόντων] | καὶ εἰπόντων μοι γρά̣[μματα μὴ εἰδότων;]; P.Gen. I 42.32-34 (224, Phil) [nomographos, τὸ σῶμα, gme.]; P.Giss. I 39.12-15 (205A-180A, Thebes); P.Grenf. II 17.8?-10 (136A, Thebes) [diat., phask., gme.]; 46.23-25 (137, KerkArs) [gme.]; P.Hamb. I 32.16-18 (120, Kerkeuris) [gme.]; 58.3-4 (83A, UP) [ax., phask., gme.]; P.Harr. I 84.10-11 (I?, UP); 86.23-26 (248A, UP) [ἐκέλευσέμ μ[ε ὁ Πατῆς] | γράψαι τὴν ε̣[ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣] ]; 124.9-10 (c. 250A, OxN) ἔγραψα συντάξα[ντος] | Μενωνίδου]; II 277.11-15 (138-160, HerakN) [gme.]; P.Iand. III 35.12-14 (181/213, Phil) [agram.]; P.Jena 2.5-9 (477, Herm); P.Kell. I 46.32-35 (IV, Kellis) [ax., gme.]; 47.19-20 (IV?, Kellis) [gme.]; P.Kron. 48.45-46 (35, Teb) [gme.]; P.Leid.Inst. 25.11-12 (95/6, ArsN) [gme.]; P.Lips. II 135.14-15 (98/9, Herm) [τὸ σῶμα, gme.]; P.Lond. II 168.15-18 (162, Psenharpsenesis) [gme.]; 277.17-19 (23, SokN) [diat., gme.]; III 335.23-26 (166/7, SokN); 932.25 (211, Herm) [gme.]; 939.20-21 (225, Herm) [diat., gme.]; 943.14-15 (227, Herm) [τὸ σῶμα]; 1132b.11-15 (142, SokN) [σ̣ο[ῦ τὸ ὄ]|νομα ὑπογράφοντος]; 1164i.23-24 (212, Antin) [gme.]; 1229.13-14 (145, UP) [gme.]; 1273.10-11, 13-15 (28/9, UP) [diat., gme.: ἐπίστασθαι]; P.Louvre I 9.34 (47/8, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 10.13 (Il?, SokN) [gme.]; P.Lund. IV 6.16 (190/1, PtolEu) [agram.]; P.Mert. II 78.21 (131, Herak) [gme.]; P.Mich.Inv. 4299.20-23 (20/19A, Thead?) [ax., diat., phask., gme.]; 4436g+4344.17 (12/1A, Thead?) [diat., gme.]; P.Mich. V 249.5,6 (18, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 250.7 (18, Teb) [gme.]; 251.15-16, 20-21 (19, Talithis) [diat., gme.]; 252.8-9 (25/6, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 253.12-13 (30, ArsN) [diat., gme., kyrios]; 254.9 (29/30, Teb) [diat., gme., kyrios]; 256.9-10 (29/30, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 257.9-10, 11-12 (c. 30, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 258.16-17 (32/3 or 33/4, Teb) [gme.]; 267.13-14 (41/2, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 269.5-6, 11-12 (42, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 272.10-11, 12 (45/6, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 273.9-10 (46, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 274.13 (46/7 or 47/8, Teb) [gme.]; 277.7 (48, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 278.6-7 (c. 30, ArsN) [diat., brad.]; 280.7-8 (I, Teb) [gme.]; 282.8 (I, Teb) [gme.]; 285.9-10 (I, ArsN) [gme.]; 290.11-13, 14-15 (37?, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 291.7-8 (I, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 293.7 (Ie, Teb/Theog) [diat., gme.]; 296.6-7 (I, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 297.9-10 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 298.14-15 (I, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 300.14-15 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 301.9-10 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 304.10 (42?, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 305.19 (I, Teb) [gme.]; 306.17-18 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 307.9 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 308.6 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 309.8 (I, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 321.23 (42, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 328.1.8, 2.16-18 (29/30, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 329.12-22 l. 22 (40/1, ArsN); 332.17-18, 28-30 (47/8, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 335.1.10 (c. 56, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 335.2.16-17 (c. 56, ArsN) [diat., gme.]; 336.5-6 (27, ArsN) [diat., brad.]; 346a.12-13 (12/3, Teb) ; 349.13-14 (30, ArsN) [ax., diat., gme.]; 355.13-14 (c. 48-56, Teb) [diat., gme.]; XI 603.27-28 (134, ArsN) [ἔγραψα] | [τὸ] σωμάτ̣[ιον]; P.Mil. I 4.21-25 (2A, Thead) [ax., diat., phask., gme.]; 5.24-26 (38, Thead) [ax., diat., gme.]; P.Mil.Vogl. I 23.24-25 (108, Teb) [αὐτόχειρ ἔγρ(αψε)]; P.Monts.Roca IV 79.11 (37-69, SokN) [diat., gme.]; P.Narm.2006 6.10, 12 (107/8?, Thead?) [diat., gme.]; P.Nekr. 5.15-16 (241, Kysis) [ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα, ἐρωτηθείς]; 10.2.15-16 (244, Hibis) [ἐρωτηθείς]; 11.16 (274, Kysis) [ἐρωτηθείς]; P.Oslo II 45.5-6 (135, UP) [ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα]; P.Oxy. II 263.17-20 (77, Ox) [gme.]; III 489.20-21 (117, Ox) [gme.]; 490.14 (124, Ox) [gme., age]; 492.16-18 (130, Ox) [gme., kyrios, age]; X 1281.11-13 (21, Sinary) [gme.]; LXIX 4746.6-11 (244-249, Ox) [gme.]; LXXIII 4967.18 (VIl/VIIe, Ox) [agram.]; P.Par. 21 bis ll. 30-31 (592, This) [ax.]; P.Petaus 31.13-14 (183/4, Kar) [ἔγραψα καὶ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πεταῦτος τὰ πλῖστα]; P.Ross.Georg. II 42.23-24 (602, HermN); P.Ryl. II 160.6-7, 8-9 (28/9, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 160a.7-8 (15-36, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 160b.5 (37, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 160c.1.9-10 (32, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 160d.1.7-8 (42, SokN) [diat., gme.]; 164.17-18 (171, HermN) [ἔγραψα τὸ σῶμα]; 168.17-19 (120, HermN) [gme.]; 177.16-17 (246, Herm) [gme.]; IV 602.9-11 (25A, Kar) [diat., phask., gme.]; P.Sakaon 60.20 (306, PtolEu) [agram.]; 61.30-31 (299, Thead) [ἔγραψα τὰ ὅλα]; 73.22-23 (328, Thead) [ἔγραψα τὰ ὅλα]; P.Sarap. 8.9 (102/3, MagdMir) [gme.]; 13.15 (102, MagdMir) [gme.]; 14.12-14 (103, MagdMir) [gme.]; 15.10-11 (104, MagdMir) [gme.]; 17.10 (114, MagdMir) [gme.]; 19.14-16 (118, MagdMir) [phask., gme.]; 23.12-13 (121, HermN) [gme.]; 25.12-13 (124, HermN) [gme.]; 43.21-22 (118, MagdMir) [phask., gme.]; P.Stras. I 53.8-9 (132 UP) [gme.]; III 137.22-24 (325 Nagogis) [gme.]; 144.22 (245, HermN) V 482.18-19 (542, HermN) [ax., gme.]; VI 583.26 (115/6, ArsN) [gme.]; 600.34 (609/624/654, Herm) [gme.]; VII 663.9 (57/8, Herm) [diat., brad.]; 668.7-8 (II, UP) [gme.; kyrios]; VIII 746.16-17 (II, ArsN) [gme.]; P.Tebt. II 378.34-35 (265, Teb) [agram.]; 384.34-35 (10, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 386.25-28 (12A, Hiera Nesos) [ax., diat., gme.: ἐπίστασθαι]; P.Thomas 7.9-11 (69 UP) [gme.]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 3.b.4 (VI, Aphr) [gme.]; P.Vind.Tand. 24.5,6,14-16 (45 SokN) [diat., gme.]; 25.8 (51, SokN) [diat.; gme.]; 25a.26-27, 28 (II, SokN) [diat., gme.]; P.Wisc. I 13.14-15 (IIe, Ox) [gme., age]; P.Zen.Pestm. 20.9-10 (252A, ArsN) [ἔγραψεν τὸ σύμβολον Αρ[ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣]η̣ς διδάσκαλος | 10 Ἀσκληπιάδου συντά[ξαν]τ̣ος;]; PSI I 38.20-21 (101, Herm) [gme.]; VII 802.6-8 (85/6, Herm) [brad.]; 909.10-11, 12 (44, Teb) diat., gme.]; 915.13 (I, Teb) [diat., gme.]; 918.8 (38/9, Teb) [diat., gme., kyrios]; IX 1031.26-27 (134 Thead) [phask., gme.]; XVII 1698.9-11 (161-168, Ox) [gme.]; SB I 4755.30-32 (IV-VII, ArsN) [ἐγράφη χηρὴ (l. χειρὶ) ἐμῇ]; 5664.7-9 (Unknown, Thebes?) [diat., phask., gme.]; IV 7467.19-21 (221, Phil) [gme.]; VI 9377.21-22 (138, Teb) [gme.]; VIII 9642.6.26-27 (c. 133, Teb) [ax., phask., gme.]; 9679.4-5 (after 146A, Euh?) [ax., diat., gme.]; 9764.8-9 (49A, Bac) [diat., gme.: ἐπίστασθαι]; X 10234.7-9 (35, Ox) [gme.]; XII 11019.6-9 (89, Ox) [gme.]; 11041.7-10 (20/1, Teb) [diat., Αἰγύπτια, gme.]; XIV 11895.5-6 (45, SokN) [diat., gme.]; XVI 12700b.2-3 (30A-14, Ox) [gme.]; XVIII 13579.5 (23 SokN); XX 14298.16 (IV, UP); 14680.22-25 (225, Phil) [agram.]; XXVI 16486.8 (V/VI, Herm) [ax., gme.]; 16550.11 (198-211, Bac); XXVIII 16857.11-15 (VI, HermN) [gme.]; 17081.18-20 (75, SokN) [diat., gme]; 17248.14 (VI, Near Thebes) [agram.]; SPP III 335.5 (VI, HermN?) [paron., agram.]; XX 261.15 (570, HermN) [gme.]; XXII 30.15-16 (158, ArsN); 53.9-10 (149, SokN) [gme.]; 78.5-6 (140/1, SokN); UPZ II 175.27-29 (145A, Thebes).
7. Personal Description
Category: Envelope
An account of the contracting parties’ bodily features may appear in the ‘creation clause’ of documents from the Ptolemaic and early Roman agoranomeia and in the predominantly Arsinoite early Roman grapheion. Within the context of the grapheion document, a description of bodily features is attested for both the hypographeus and the witnesses. Leaving all these aside, this section discusses cases in which a special section of the document is reserved for the description of the bodily features of parties already mentioned elsewhere in the document. As such, any account of terminology is not exhaustive.
Among the 146 documents that exhibit this clause, 25 are Ptolemaic and 117 Roman. Among the Ptolemaic texts, 18 of which are extracts of double documents, 4 invoke the clause in the context of documents recording the waiver of rights to catoecic land following an act of parachoresis and 3 recapitulate the context of Egyptian syngraphai trophitides. The key elements in the Ptolemaic documents are [1] age, [2] stature, primarily: εὐμεγέθης (‘tall’), μείζων, μέσος (‘of middle height’), ἐλάσσων, βραχύς (‘short’); [3] skin colour: μελίχρως (‘honey-coloured’), μελάγχρως (‘black-skinned’), λευκόχρως (‘white-skinned’); and [4] shape of the face: μακροπρόσωπος (‘long-faced’), στρογγυλοπρόσωπος (‘round-faced’), πλατυπρόσωπος (‘flat-faced’). Scribes may use [5] additional identifiers such as the shape of the nose: ἔνσιμος (‘somewhat snub-nosed’), ἐπίγρυπος (‘somewhat hook-nosed’), εὐθύρριν (‘straight-nosed’), ὑπόγρυπος (‘with a rather hooked nose’); hair: (ἀναφάλακρος (‘forehead-bald’), ἀναφάλανθος (‘forehead-bald’), κλαστόθριξ (‘curly-haired’), κλαστός, τετανός (‘with long straight hair’); eyes: γλαυκός (‘grey’), ὑποχάροπος (‘rather blue-eyed’’), eyebrows: σύνοφρυς (‘with meeting eyebrows’), beard: σπανοπώγων (‘with scanty beard’), lameness (χωλαίνων), or shortsightedness (ὑπόσκνιφος). None, however, is indispensable, nor is the indication of scars and moles required, though these will become the main form of description in the Roman period. Said variation is demonstrable in the case of CPR XVIII 24.38-44 (232 or 206 BCE, Theogonis): ἦν Θράσυλλος ὡς (ἐτῶν) λ εὐμεγέθης μελίχρως μακροπρ(όσωπος) | οὐλὴ ὀφρύι ἀριστερᾶι ἄκραι. | —— | 40 Πτολεμαῖος ὡς (ἐτῶν) μ μέσος μελάγχρως στρογγυλοπρ(όσωπος). | —— | 41 Ἀπολλόδοτος ὡς (ἐτῶν) μ̣ μέσος μελίχρως στρογγυλοπρ(όσωπος) | 42 χωλαίνων τὸ δεξιὸν σκέλος. | —— | 43 Στρατοκλῆς ὡς (ἐτῶν) λ̣β̣ μέσος μελίχρως μακροπρ(όσωπος) | 44 ἐπίγρυπος ὦς (l. οὖς) δεξιὸν τετρημένος (‘Thrasyllos was approximately 30 years old, tall, with honey-colour skin, long-faced, and a scar on the upper part of the left eyebrow. Ptolemaios, approximately 40 years old, black-skinned, round-faced. Apollodotos, approximately 40 years old, of middle height, with honey-colored skin, round-faced, lame in his right leg. Stratokles, approximately 32 years old, of middle height, honey-coloured skin, long-faced, with a somewhat hooked nose, pierced in his right ear’). While some early Roman documents still exhibit the older, detailed body description (e.g., P.Ryl. II 159.43-46: 31/2 CE, Oxyrhynchos), the clause under discussion here, like the documentation in general, usually shifts toward more succinct identification comprising account of age, scars, and moles.
In the case of the grapheion document, the account of the body traits is usually integrated into the body of the document, evidenced in the creation clause, and in the sections that record the hypographeus and the witnesses (when recorded). A separate account is rare. In the first-century grapheion document, the scribe often adds such an account in the blank space around the text, especially when the body of the text consists solely of a hypographe. Cf., e.g., P.Mich. V 254v (29/30 CE, Tebtynis).
This explanation does not, however, account for the insertion of the personal descriptions in other documents. Rather, the prevailing rule in the Roman period is to add a description of the contracting parties in a special clause in lieu of their autograph confirmation of the terms of the contract. Accordingly, among the 83 private protocols that exhibit a hypographe, only one reports the bodily features of one of the contracting parties. Another five give personal descriptions but do not feature a hypographe. The hypomnema yields the same picture. In this case, the hypographe is added in 277 documents. Only five of these 277 documents also record a description of the bodily features of the parties. Conversely, such a description is added in 41 hypomnemata that are missing the hypographe. Most compelling in this regard are texts in which, within said clause, the parties’ illiteracy is said to be the cause of the account of their description. Cf. the hypomnema P.Mich. XII 631.14-18 (185 CE, Unknown Provenance): Ἄρειος ὡς (ἐτῶν) λγ οὐλ(ὴ) | 15 ἀντικ(νημίῳ) δεξ(ιῷ), | 16 Χαιρή(μων) ὡς (ἐτῶν) λε οὐλ(ὴ) | 17 ἀντικ(νημίῳ) ἀριστ(ερῷ) | 18 εἰκονίσθ(ησαν) φά(μενοι) μὴ εἰδ(έναι) γρά(μματα) (‘Areios, age approximately 33, with a scar on his left shin; Chairemon, age approximately 35 with a scar on his left shin, are described because they asserted that they do not know letters’) and the private protocol: P.Fay. 36.22-24 (111/2 CE, Theadelphia): Σανεσνεὺς (ἐτῶν) ξ ο(ὐλὴ) γόνατι ἀριστ(ερῷ) | 23 Κάστωρ νομογράφος εἰκόνικα | 24 φαμένου μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα (‘Sanesneus, age 60, scar on his left knee. I, Kastor, nomographos, have added his description because he asserted that he does not know letters’).
Bibl.: Hässler (1960): 101, n. 28; Hübsch (1968): 14-22, 43-56; Depauw (2011): 189-199.
graph.: grapheion document agor.: agoranomic document dd.: double document (extract) hypom.: hypomnema pp.: private protocol cheir.: cheirographon ext.: extensive sh.: short
BGU I 237.18-19 (164/5, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 238.6 (II/III, ArsN) [graph.?]; II 661.26-27 (140, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; III 901.8 (II/III, ArsN) [graph.?, sh.]; 918.28 (110/11, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 987.25 (19 or 45, ArsN) [ed.: [Χαι]ρήμων Σωκράτους εικο ̣ [ -ca.?- (ἔτων(?)) -ca.?- ];]; IV 1018.27-28 (III, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; VII 1645.22 (245, Phil) [hypom., sh.]; 1649.27-29 (264, Phil) [cheir., sh.]; VIII 1731.19-21 (68/7A, Herak) [agor., ext.]; 1732.21-22 (80A-30A, Herak) [agor., ext.]; 1733.23-25 (80A-30A, Herak) [agor., ext.]; 1734.25-27 (80A-30A, Herak) [agor., ext.]; CPR I 32.18-21 (218, SokN) [hypom., sh.]; VI 1.18-20 (125, PtolEu) [agor., sh.]; XVIII 1.15-24 (231A/206A,, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 2.39-44 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 3.59-66 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 4.84-89 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 5.102-106 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 6.118-122 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 7.143-150 (231A/206A, Theog); 8.165-172 (231A/206A, Samaria) [dd., ext.]; 11.226-235 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 12.250-257 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha) [dd., ext.]; 13.271-277 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha); 14.289-296 (231A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 16.338-346 (231A /206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 17.360-366 (232A/206A, Kalliphanous) [dd., ext.]; 18.384-389 (232A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 20.423-431 (231A/206A, Dikaiou Nesos) [dd., ext.]; 24.38-44 (232A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 25.55-59 (232A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 27.89-95 (232A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; 28.108-111 (232A/206A, ArsN) [dd., ext.]; 32.7-11 (232A/206A, Theog) [dd., ext.]; P.Amh. II 91.26 (159, ArsN); 93.25 (181, SokN) [hypom., sh.]; 97.19 (181, SokN) [hypom., sh.]; P.Bad. VI 170.32 (54, Thead) [hypom., sh.]; P.Bingen 48.7-8 (78A, Herak) [agor., ext.]; P.Bon. 25 upper right margin (185, Phys) [graph., sh.] ; P.Bour. 17.19 (220, Herakleia) [hypom., sh.]; P.Col. X 255.21 (131, Thead) [cheir., sh.]; 263.21-22 (178, Memphites) [pp., sh.]; 281.23-24 (287, Phil) [cheir., sh.]; P.Corn. 6.1 (17, Oxyrhyncha) [graph., sh., in the hypographe]; P.Fam.Tebt. 28.22-23 (133, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 44.12 (189, Kerkesoucha Orous) [hypom., sh.]; 45.13 (190, Kerkesoucha Orous) [hypom., sh.]; 47.31 (195, PtolEu) [hypom., sh.]; P.Fay. 36.22 (111/2, Thead) [hypom., sh.] P.Flor. I 51.24-27 (138-161, ArsN) [graph., sh.]; 90.6-7 (249, ArsN?) [sh.]; III 369.21 (139/149, Herm) [hypom., sh.]; P.Fouad 38.16-18 (I, OxN?) [agor., ext.]; P.Freib. III 12a.12-13 (IIfA, UP) [sh.]; 12b.19-22 (172A-162A, UP) [ext.]; P.Gen. I 42.34 (224, Phil) [pp.?, sh.]; P.Graux II 21.20-23 (151, Apias) [hypom., sh.]; P.Hamb. I 2.24-25 (59, Babylon, Heliopolites) [agor., ext.]; 64.29 (103, Euh) [hypom., sh.]; P.Iand. III 28.24-26 (104, Thead) [hypom., sh.]; P.Ifao III 2.5-6 (138-161, UP) [hypom., sh.]; P.Kron. 38.22 (137, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 41.33-34 (140, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; P.Lips. I 16.21-22 (138, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; P.Lond. II 216.31 (94, SokN) [hypom., sh.]; 314.25 (149, SokN) [hypom., sh.]; P.Louvre II 113.b.5-6 (159, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; P.Mert. III 107.25-26 (II, ArsN); P.Mich. III 184.22-23 (121, Bac) [hypom., sh.]; V 241.1-14 ll. 7-10 (46, Teb) [grapheion, short, but in extract]; 250 below text (18, ArsN) [graph., sh.]; 254v (29/30, Teb) [graph., short]; 255v (29/30, Teb) [graph., short]; 267 below text (41/2, ArsN) [graph., sh.]; 273 lower margin (46, ArsN) [graph., short]; 278 above text (c. 30, Teb) [graph., sh.]; 286 above text (I, ArsN) [graph., short]; 298 above text (I, ArsN) [graph., short]; 301 beneath the last line (I, Teb) [graph., short]; 311.46 (34, Talei) [graph., sh.]; IX 561.21 (102, Kar) [hypom., sh.]; 606.16 (224, Thead) [pp., sh.]; XII 630.21-22 (38, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 631.14-18 (185, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; XVIII 785a+b.19-20 (47/61, PtolEu) [graph., sh.]; P.Mil.Vogl. III 132.38-41 (165, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 138.31-32 (169, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 145.25-28 (142, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; IV 239.16 (156, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 240.25-26 (118-138, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; VI 286.37 (139, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; P.Oslo II 36.14-15 (145, Thead) [cheir., sh.]; P.Oxy. I 97.26-28 (116, Ox) [agor., sh.]; III 504.57-61 (IIe, Ox) [agor., sh.]; IV 794. 29-32 (85/6, Ox) [agor., sh.]; LXVI 4532.17-18 (85, Kome Nemeron) [agor., sh.]; P.Rein. II 103.38 (26, Ox) [agor., ext.]; P.Ryl. II 88.28 (156, ArsN) [oath, sh.]; 156.34-39 (I, Ox) [agor., ext.]; 159.43-46 (31/2, Ox) [agor., ext.]; 167.32 (39, Euh) [hypom., sh.]; IV 586.35-42 (99A, Ox) [agor., ext.]; P.Stras. I 30.24-25 (276, Thead) [hypom., sh.]: III 139.17-18 (276, Narmouthis) [pp., sh.]; 143.24 (before 211, UP) [pp., sh.]; IV 218.24-27 (150, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 266.25-27 (c. 100, Ox) [sale, OExt] [agor.?. sh.]; VIII 706.33-34 (122/3, PtolEu) [hypom., sh.]; P.Tebt. II 377.34 (210, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 379.21 (128, Teb) [pp., sh.]; III.1 817.33-36 (182A, Krokodilopolis) [dd., ext.]; P.Vind.Tand. 27.28 (I, SokN) [graph., sh.]; PSI VIII 897.2.93-94 (93, Ox) [agor., sh. but with ἀναφάλ(ακρος)]; VIII 907.20-22 (42, Teb) [graph., sh. but with ὑπόσκνιφος]; 910 above text (47/8, Teb) [graph., sh.]; 912 upper left margin (I, Teb) [graph., sh.]; X 1120 below text (IlA/Ie, UP) [agor.?, ext.]; 1124.32-33 (150, Teb) [hypom., sh.]; 1134.28-29 (91, Teb) [graph., sh.]; 1319.2.61 (76, SokN) [graph., sh.]; PSI Congr. XX 7.18 (104, Kar) [hypom., sh.]; SB V 7665.18 (225, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 8086.23-24 (268, Sentrempaei) [hypom., sh.]; VI 9155.19 (223, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 9269.27 (304, PtolEu) [hypom., Sh.]; 9377.13-17 (138, Teb) [graph., sh., witnesses]; VIII 9642.6.18-19 (c. 133, Teb) [graph., sh.]; 9922.19 (159 Theog) [hypom., sh.]; XVI 13005.28-29 (144, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 13008.27-29 (144, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; 13010.37 (144, ArsN) [hypom., sh.]; XVIII 13228.12-13 (148-161, Haueris) [diag., short but with ὑποπλατ[ -ca.?- ];]; 13305.38-39 (271, Kar) [pp., sh.]; XXIV 16001.20-22 (168, Kar) [grapheion, sh.]; SPP XX 16 upper margin (193, Herak) [agor.?, sh.]; 51.20 (238, ArsN); 57.25-26 (263 Dionysias) [agor., sh.].
8. Registry of Slaves
Category: Envelope
In two documents recording the sale of slaves, the text ends with an account of the slaves’ physical features: BGU IV 1059.19-20 (30 BCE–14 CE, Alexandria); P.Freib. II 8.23-30 (144 CE, Unknown Provenance). The latter text also details the form of acquisition of the slaves: ἔστιν δὲ τὰ δοῦλα σώματα, ἡ μὲν Ἀσκλη|24ποῦς ὡς ἐτῶν δεκαπέντε, οὐλ(ὴ) γαστροκνημίᾳ δεξιᾷ, ὁ δὲ Οὐνιῶν ὡς ἐτῶν ὀκτώ, ἄσημος, καθὼς καὶ ἀνείληφεν Ἰουλία Δημά|25ριον ‹κα›τὰ μὲν τῆς Ἀσκληποῦτος τὴν εἰς τὸν Ἰούλιον Γέμελλον περὶ καταγραφῆς συνχώρησιν οὖσαν ἐπὶ τοῦ τρίτου | 26 ἔτους Ἀντωνίνου Καίσαρος τοῦ κυρίου, μηνὸς Γερμανικείου, διʼ ἧς ἐδηλώθη ἡ δούλη Ἀσκληπ〚ουσ〛\ιὰς/, κατὰ δὲ τοῦ Οὐνιῶνος | 27 τὴν εἰς τὸν Ἰούλιον Γέμελλον περὶ καταγραφῆς αὐτοῦ τοῦ δούλου Οὐνιῶνος καὶ ἑτέρας δούλης πράσεως συγχω|28ρήσεως οὔσης ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ τρίτου ἔτους, μηνὸς Γερμανικείου, ἀντίγραφον καὶ τὰς τῶν δούλων προκτητικὰς ἀσφα|29λ̣ε[ί]ας, μένοντος τοῦ λόγου τῇ ἠ[γορακ]υίῃ πρὸς τοὺς πεπρακότες (l. πεπρακότας) καὶ τοῖ[ς] πεπρακόσι πρὸς αὐτὴν περὶ ὧν ἐὰν ἔχωσι | 30 π̣ρὸς ἀλλήλους ‘The slaves are: first Asklepous, age approximately fifteen, a scar on the right shin; second Ounion, age approximately eight, without distinguishing marks, just as Ioulia Damarion has recorded, as for Asklepous in a synchoresis toward Julius Gemellus regarding the conveyance of title, composed in the third year of our lord Antoninus Caesar in the month of Germanikeios, through which the slave Asklepias has been reported, and as for Ounion, in a copy of synchoresis toward said Julius Gemellus regarding the conveyance of title to this very slave Ounion and another female slave, composed in the same third year in the month of Germanikeios, and documents recording earlier owners of the slaves, the purchaser reserving the right of claim toward the vendors and the vendors toward her regarding other business affairs that they have with each other’.
Bibl.: Wolff (1978): 256 n. 4; Bieżuńska-Małowist (1970): 29-34.
9. Epigegrammai Kyrios
Category: Envelope
An autograph confirmation, ἐπιγέγραμμαι δεῖνος κύριος, is attested only in Roman period texts, primarily in documents from the nome capitals. Positioned at the end of the document, the clause is used for recording additional contractual positions of the kyrios. The kyrios may provide a description of his physical traits (P.Köln II 100.28-29, 133 CE, Pim[ ]: Ἀπόλλων Ἀπολλωνίου μητρὸς Διο[γενίδος ὁμοπάτριος ἀδελφὸς τῆς προ]γεγρ[αμμένης ἐπιγέγραμμαι αὐτῆς κύριος καὶ εἰμὶ ὡς (ἐτῶν) ̣ ̣ ο(ὐλὴ) -ca.?- ) (‘I, Apollon son of Apollonios, whose mother being Diogenis, the paternal brother of the above-mentioned, have been registered as her kyrios, and am approximately …of age, with a scar….’), report his own role in the contract as co-lessor (P.Oxy. III 502.50-56, 164 CE, Oxyrhynchos: Ἀπίων ὁ καὶ Διο|51νύσιος ἐπιγέγραμμαι | 52 τῆς μητρός μου κύρι|53ος καὶ μεμίσθωκα | 54 σὺν τοῖς ἐπάνω τὰς | 55 ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ κέλλας. | 56 χρ[ό]νος ὁ αὐτός (‘I Apion, also called Dionysios, have been registered as my mother’s guardian, and have leased together with the above-mentioned premises the chambers in the court. The same date’), as surety (P.Rein. II 103.34-35, 26 CE, Oxyrhynchos: Πετσεῖρις Ὥρου ἐπιγέγραμμαι τῆς | 35 γυναικὸς κύριος καὶ ἐνγυῶμαι εἰς ἔκτεισιν (l. ἔκτισιν) τὰ προκείμενα (‘I, Petsiris son of Horos, have been registered as my wife’s guardian, and I act as surety for the indemnification of the above’), record his own past activity (PSI I 30.11-13: 82 CE, Hermopolites: Σαραπίων | 12 Ἑλένης ἐπιγέγραμμαι τῆς γυναικός μου κύριος [καὶ] παρείληφα πάντα τὰ ἐκφόρια καὶ ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ | 13 αὐτῆς μὴ εἰδυίης γράμματα (‘I, Sarapion son of Helene, have been registered as the kyrios of my wife, and I have received all rent in kind, and have written on her behalf because she does not know letters’), or assumes responsibility for the future performance of certain acts (P.Ryl. II 164.19-21, 171, Hermopolites: Μήτο]κ̣ο̣ς̣ Ἀχιλλέως ἐπιγέγρα(μμαι) | 20 [αὐτῆς κύριος – ca.20 – (hand 4) Σωσικό]σμιος ὁ καὶ Ζή[νειος – ca.9 -] ̣ ̣ βεβαιώσιν (l. βεβαιώσειν) καὶ καταγρά|21[ψειν (?)- ca.36 – ὡς πρόκει]ται (‘I, Metokos son of Achilles, have been registered as kyrios of – – will warrant the sale and transfer the registered title – – as stated above’).
Bibl.: Taubenschlag (1938b); Préaux (1959); Rupprecht (1986): 98, n. 49, 50; Beaucamp (1992): 194-197.
BGU III 906.12 (34/5, ArsN); IV 1145.1-25 ll. 22-25 (5A, Alex) [with egrapse]; CPR I 154.8-9 (179, ArsN); P.Amh. II 102.18 (180, PtolEu); P.Fouad I 33.36-38, (I UP) [with eudokesis]; P.Köln II 100.28-29 (133, Pim[ ]) [with age]; P.Lond. II 293.31 (114, Dionysias); P.Mich. V 322a.34-35 (46, Teb) [with egrapse]; IX 559.16 (IIe, Kar); P.Mil.Vogl. III 186.13-14 (99, Teb); P.Oxy. II 267.1-34, ll. 29-31 (37, Ox); 368.10 (43/4, Ox); III 502.50-56 (164, Ox) [wt. act of lease]; 647.10 (IIf, Ox); XII 1473.34-35 (201, Ox) [αἰτηθείς]; P.Palau Rib. 10.3-6 (II, Ox) [with egrapse] ; P.Rein. II 103.34-35 (26, Ox) [with surety]; P.Ryl. II 164.18-19 (171, HermN); P.Sarap. 28ter.21-24 (132, MagdMir) [with egrapse]; P.Stras. I 52.35-36 (151, Herm) [with egrapse]; VII 668.8-9 (II, UP); PSI I 30.11-13 (82, HermN) [wt. delivery in lease, egrapse]; X 1119.49-51 (156, Ox) [wt. egrapse]; XII 1263.25-26 (166/7, Ox) [wt. egrapse, personal description]; SB X 10222.26-27 (20, Ox); 10234.7-9 (35, Ox) [wt. egrapse]; 10238.22-23 (37, Ox) [wt. egrapse].
10. Gnoster
Category: Envelope
The person of the gnoster (‘witness to identity’) is recorded in twelve documents—three marriage documents, and nine slave-related instruments: one slave sale and ten manumissions—all composed at an agoranomeion. One of these texts, SB XXXVIII 16852.15-20 (132 BCE, Antaiopolis) contains a detailed account of the appointment of the gnosteres. καὶ γνωστῆρας κατέστησαν Ζηνόδωρος μὲν | 16 Ἡρακλείδην Διδύμου Μακεδόνα τῶν κατοίκων ἱππέων ὡς ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα πέντε | 17 μέσον μελίχρουν ὑπόκλαστον ἀναφάλακρον οὐλὴ ἀντικνημίωι δεξιῶι, Σωσίβιος δὲ Λίχαν | 18 Ἡρακλείου Πέρσην̣ τῶν Βοήθου πεζῶν κληρούχων ὡς ἐτῶν τριάκοντα μέσον μελίχρουν || 19 ὑπόκλαστον ὑποχάροπον οὐλὴ μετώπωι | 20 ἐξ ἀριστερῶν (‘and I Zenodoros have appointed as gnosteres Herakleides son of Didymos, Macedonian of the catoecic cavalrymen whose age is approximately sixty-five, middle-sized, with honey-coloured skin, and I, Sosibios, have appointed Lichas son of Herakleios, a Persian and one of the klerouchic infantrymen under the command of Boethos, whose age is approximately thirty, middle-sized, with honey-colored skin, slightly bent, somewhat blue-eyed, and with a scar on the forehead to the left’). In two marriage documents, the clause records the appointment of the gnoster using the formulation attested in the case of the kyrios: SB VI 8974.57-58 (Ie BCE, Bousiris): Θεόφαντος Ἀ[νθαγόρου] Ῥόδιος τῶν Ἀμμ[ωνίου καὶ] Νικοστράτου κατοίκων | 58 ἱππέων ἐπι[γέγ]ρ̣[αμμαι γ]νωστὴρ τῶν προ[γεγραμμένων πάντων] (‘I, Theophantos son of Anthagoras, a Rhodian of the cavalry military settlers under the command of Ammonios and Nikostratos, have been appointed witness to the identity of everything specified above’). In acts of manumission from the Roman period, the document records a gnoster who is identified as ‘a witness to the act of manumission’ (γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως)’. His body description follow. In the sale document, SB V 7555.14-15 (154 CE, Unknown Provenance), the vendor is called a gnoster, equivalent to the bebaiotes in other documents.
Bibl.: Partsch (1913): 470- 471; Calderini (1953): 229; Straus (2009): 237.
P.Freib. II 10.11 (196, PtolEu) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; P.Oxy. III 496.16 (127, Ox) [marriage: γνωστὴρ ἀμφοτέρων Διογένης Ἱέρακος γραμματεύς]; IV 722.31-35 (91/107, Ox) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; 723.4-5 (138-161, Ox) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; XXVIII 2843.25-26 (86, Ox) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; P.Stras. IV 238.22-25 (177/8, PtolEu) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; P.Turner 19.7-8 (101, Ox) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; 26.16-17 (195-198, PtolEu) [manumission: γνωστὴρ τῆς ἐλευθερώσεως]; PSI V 450r.1-27, ll. 23-24 (II, Ox) [marriage: ἐπιγέγραμμαι τῶν γαμούντων γνωστήρ]; SB V 7555.14-15 (154, UP) [sale: γνωστὴρ ὁ ἀποδόμενος]; VI 8974.57-58 (IeA, Bousiris) [marriage: γνωστὴρ πάντων τῶν προγεγραμμένων]; XXVIII 16852.15-20 (132A, Antai) [manumission: γνωστῆρας κατέστησαν].
11. Acknowledgement by Purchaser
Category: Envelope
An early Roman clause, in which the purchaser acknowledges the act of purchase as well as payment of the consideration. It is first manifested in five copies of the act of sale of Satabous and then in another 52 cases. The evidence is primarily Arsinoite and, for the first century, predominantly from Soknopaiou Nesos. See, e.g., SB I 5231.20-21 (11 CE, Psinachis): Σαταβοῦς Ἐργ[έως] νεωτέρο[υ μ]ητρὸς Σ[ατ]αβοῦτος ἠ[γόρασ]α τὴ[ν] οἰ[κί]αν παρὰ Χαιρήμονος τοῦ Ἡρώι[δου μη]τρ[ὸ]ς | 21 [Θ]ά[σ]ιτος προφήτου Σού[χο]υ ἐν κ[ώμηι Σο]κ[νο]π[αίου Νήσωι καὶ Το]μ̣σά̣[ε]ιτ[ος γυναικὸς καὶ βεβ]αιοῖ μοι κατὰ πᾶν τὰ [π]ρογεγραμμένα πάν[τα] (‘I, Satabous son of Ergeus the younger, whose mother is Satabous, have purchased the house from Chairemon son of Heroides, whose mother is Thasis, a prophet of Souchos in the village of Soknopaiou Nesos, and from his wife Tomsaeis, and he warrants for me all the foregoing by all means’). The clause also appears in five second-century documents of donkey sales from Kerkesoucha. It may be functionally identical to the clause gegone eis eme.
Bibl.: Wolff (1978): 41 n. 34; Hagedorn (1998): 178-179; Depauw (2003): 74, 100.
BGU I 153.29-38 (152, Dionysias) [SVExt]; 350.23-25 (103-115, Nilopolis) [OSim]; II 667.24-25 (222, PtolEu) [OSim]; III 906.24-26 (34/35, ArsN) [OSim]; XIV 2480.25-29 (120?, Kar/Kerkesoucha) [OSim]; CPR I 3.27-29 (ΙΙΙm, ArsN) [OSim]; 88 + 132.6-10 (IIIf, HerakN) [OSim]?; 155.6-8 (200, HerakN) [OSim]; 156.12 (IIIf, ArsN) [OSim]?; 170.34-36 (103-117, ArsN) [Sim]; 183.6-8 (IIIf, ArsN) [OSim]; 223.33-34 (117-137, PtolEu); VI 73.43-44 (222-235, HerakN) [OSim]; XV 2.18-20 (11, SokN) [OExt]; P.Athen. 25.23-24 (61, Kar) [OSim]; P.Col. VIII 222.63-66 (160/1, Upper Egypt) [OExt]; P.Dime III 8GH.8-10 (23, SokN) [OSim]; 14GH.7 (29, SokN) [OSim]; 16GH.12-13 (34?, SokN) [OSim]; 21GH.5 (45, SokN) [OSim]; P.Grenf. II 46.21-23 (137, Kerkesoucha) [OSim]; P.Hamb. III 218.22-24 (29/30, Oxyrhyncha) [OSim]; P.Lond. II 154.27 (68, Kar) [OSim]; P.Louvre I 9.34-35 (47/8, SokN) [OSim]; 10.14 (Il?, SokN) [OSim]; 11.30-33 (26-33, SokN) [demotic]; 13.28 (29, SokN) [demotic]; P.Mich. IX 551.28-33 (103, Kerkesoucha) [OSim]; P.Mil.Vogl. III 186.20-21 (99, Teb) [OSim]; P.Monts.Roca IV 79.11-12 (37-69, SokN); P.Narm.2006 6.11-12 (106/7?, Thead?) [OSim]; P.Ryl. II 160a.8-9 (15-36, SokN) [OSim]; 160c.1.10-11 (32, SokN) [OSim]; 313.30-31 (82-96, SokN) [OSim]; P.Sarap. 12.13-16 (131, Temseu Moron, HermN) [OSim]; P.Stras. VI 208.18-20 (75, SokN) [OSim]; 504.18 (106, Kerkesoucha) [OSim]; P.Vind.Tand. 25.9 (51, SokN) [OSim]; P.Wash.Univ. I 12.7-10 (IV, UP) [OExt with stipulation]; PSI VIII 897 pag. 1.52-54 (93, Ox) [OSim]; X 1119.51-52 (156, Ox) [OSim]; XIII 1319.1.22-32 (76, SokN) [OSim]; XIV 1443.5-8 (IIIs, UP) [OSim]; XV 1546.1-27, ll. 25-26 (222, HerakN) [OSim]; PSI Congr. XX 14.15-16 (III, UP) [OSim]; SB I 5117.7-13? (55/6, SokN); 5247.23-26 (47, SokN); 5247.23-24 (47, ArsN) [OSim]; III 6612.19-23 (365, OxN); XIV 11895.6-7 (45, SokN); XVIII 13579.6-9 (23, SokN); XXIV 13897.23-24 (111, Teb); 15965.22-23 (III/IV, Kar); XXVI 16478.8 (IIIf, PtolEu); XXVIII 16904.28-31 (90, SokN); 16905.29-31 (82-96, SokN) [OSim]; SPP XX 1.35-36 (83/4, PtolEu); XXII 170.23-25 (145, Kerkesourcha).
12. Acknowledgement by Vendor
An acknowledgement of the vendor is recorded in just two documents P.Dura 26.29-32 (227 CE, Sachare) and P.Oxy. 1209.32-33 (252 CE, Oxyrhynchos). In both cases, the document is objectively formulated, recording the act of purchase (ἐπρίατο).
13. Acknowledgement by Borrower
Category: Envelope
The borrower records the receipt of the commodity in a hypographe. This is predominantly the case in Ptolemaic double documents. It is also found in a variety of documents from the Roman period that still report the loan as an act of delivery by the lender [cf. act of loan, Type1]. In the Ptolemaic period, the debtor acknowledges that he has received (ἀπέχω, ἔχω) the loan and that he has deposited the document with the syngraphophylax. See, e.g., P.Tebt. III.1 818.29-31 (174 BCE, Trikomia): Ἀγαθοκλῆς ἔχω τὰ δύο τάλα[ντα καὶ τὰς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς] | 30 τοῦ χαλκοῦ τὸ προγεγραμμένον δάνει̣[ο]ν̣, τ̣[έ]θειμαι τὴν συνγραφὴν | 31 κυρίαν παρὰ συνγραφοφύλ\α/κι Δεινίαι (‘I, Agathokles, have received the two talents and the five hundred drachms of bronze, the aforesaid loan. I have deposited the document, in force, with Deinias acting as syngraphophylax’). The form δεδάνεισμαι becomes common in the Roman period and is first attested in this context in P.Oxy. X 1281.4-14 (21 CE, Sinary).
BGU III 713.29-45 (42, SokN) [SExt: echein]; 910 col. II ll. 30-44, 44-47 (demotic) (70, SokN) [SExt, OSim: echein]; XI 2044.a.30-38 (46, SokN) [SExt: echein]; XIII 2395.90- (221A, Takona) [OSim]; P.Alex. 7.20-29 (113, Dionysias); P.Bad. II 2.40-41 (130A, Hermonthis) [OSim]; P.Berl.Möller 4.30-41 (3, Phil) [OExt: echein]; P.Brem. 68.10-14 (99, Herm?) [OExt: δεδάνεισμαι]; P.Corn. 6.18-30 (17, Oxyrhyncha) [OExt 2: echein]; P.Dime III 27GD.24-37 (54, SokN) [OVExt: δεδανείσμεθα]; P.Dion. 13.34-36 (112A, Akoris) [OExt: apechein]; 14.34-37 (110A, Akoris) [OExt: echein]; 15.32-35 (109A, Akoris) [OExt: echein]; 16.40-47 (109A, Akoris) [OExt: : echein]; 17.37-39 (108A,, Akoris) [OExt: echein]; 18.32-34 (107A, Akoris) [OExt: apechein]; 19.31-33 (105A,, Akoris) [OExt: apechein]; 21.32-34 (113A, Akoris) [OExt: apechein]; 22.29-31 (111A, Akoris) [OExt: apechein]; P.Flor. I 1.11-14 (153, Herm) [OSim: δεδάνεισμαι]; P.Lips. II 128.30-43? (19A, Talithis) [OVExt: echein]; P.Mert. I 6.33-35 (77A, Nestou Epoikion) [OSim: echein]; P.Mich. V 333.28-43 (52, Teb) [OVExt: δεδανείσμεθα]; P.Mich.Inv. 3380.7-19 (71?, Thead) [OVExt: echein]; P.Oxy. X 1281.4-14 (21, Sinary) [OExt: δεδάνεισμαι]; XLIX 3485.25-33 (38, Ox) [OExt2]; P.Ryl. IV 587.26-33 (87A, Teb) [OExt: echein]; P.Stras. IV 230.22-33 (143/4, Phil) [OExt: δεδανείσμεθα]; P.Tebt. III.1 818.29-31 (174A, Trikomia) [OExt: echein]; P.Tebt.Tait 49.c.1-6 (89, PtolEu) [OExt 2: echein]; P.Vars. 10.1.20-28 (155, Ptolemais Drymu) [OExt: δεδάνεισμαι]; PSI X 1131.30-37 (41, PtolEu) [OExt: δεδανείσμεθα]; XIII 1319.2.62-77 (76, SokN) [OExt 2: δεδάνεισμαι]; SB V 7532.28-34 (74a, Nilopolis) [SExt2]; SPP IV pp. 116-117, ll. 29-40 (bis) (109/10, Euh) [OVExt: echein]; UPZ I 125.31-34 (89A, Memphis) [OExt: echein].
14. Acknowledgement by Lender
Category: Envelope
Acknowledgements by lenders are extremely rare, recorded in just three documents and are all very short and objective. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy.Hels. 36.40-41 (167 CE, Oxyrhynchos): Δημήτριος Σαραπᾶτος θέσι | 41 δεδάν‹ε›ικα ὡ̣ς πρόκειται.
BGU XI 2116.20-23 (25/6, ArsN?) [OSim, Latin]; P.Lond. V 1273.11-15 (28/9, UP) [OSim]; P.Oxy.Hels. 36.40-41 (167, Ox) [OSim].
15. Acknowledgement by Lessee
Category: Envelope
In cases in which a lease is described as an active undertaking of the lessor, the lessee confirms the performance of the act of lease in an independent hypographe. Such is still the case in the Ptolemaic period in the format of the double document and the agoranomic document, and in Roman Oxyrhynchos, where the text adopts the format of the private protocol. In the Roman period, the text is always objective and is commonly much longer than those appearing in contemporary hypographai. See, e.g., P.Oxy. XIV 1689.47-54 (266 CE, Oxyrhynchos): Αὐρήλιοι Ἀντώνι[ος] καὶ Πα|48νεχώτης μεμισθώμεθα | 49 τὴν γῆν καὶ ἀποδ[ώ]σο|50μεν τὰ ἐκφόρια ἐ̣[ξ ἀλλ]ηλ[ε]γ̣’|51γύης ὡς πρόκ(ειται), καὶ ἐπερ̣[ωτ]ηθέν|52τες ὡμολογήσαμεν. Αὐρήλι[ο]ς | 53 Χαιρή[μ]ων ἔγρα(ψα) ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν | 54 μὴ εἰ[δό]των γράμματα (‘We, Aurelius Antonius and Aurelius Panechotes, have leased the land and shall pay the rent on mutual surety as stated above, and having been interrogated we have so acknowledged. I, Aurelius Chairemon, have written on their behalf since they do not know letters’).
Bibl.: Wolff (1946): 60; (1978): 115-116; Arangio-Ruiz (1962): 4-5; Kränzlein (1982): 315-317; (1997): 403-407; Depauw (2003): 74.
BGU III 912.36-46 (33, SokN) [OVExt]; VI 1271.17-19 (180A-145A, Phil/Thead) [SExt]; CPR I 240.38-41 (126, SokN) [SExt]?; P.Amst. I 41.1-44, ll. 36-44 (10A, PtolEu) [SExt]; P.Athen. 14.35-49 (22, Phil) [OExt]; P.Lips. II 129.20-37 (8, Kerkeesis) [OVExt]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.51-53 (148A, Hephaistias) [OExt]; P.Oxy. I 101.52-60 (142, Ox) [OExt]; II 278.30-39 (17, Ox) [OExt]; III 499.37-46 (121, Senepta/Ox) [OSim]; IV 730.34-39 (130, Senepta/Ox) [OSim]; VII 1036.42-47 (272, Ox) [OExt with stipulatio]; XIV 1689.47-54 (266, Ox) [OExt]; XLI 2974.36-40 (162, Ox) [OSim]; LXVII 4595.47-52 (261, Ox) [OExt]; LXIX 4739.31-32 (127, Ox) [OSim?]; P.Tebt. II 373.21-23 (110/1, Teb) [lease, OSim]; P.Wisc. I 7.48-51 (259/60, Ox) [OExt 2]; SB XIV 12192.12-16 (92 or 108 Teb) [OExt]; XXII 15613.29-30 (111, Teb) [OSim].
16. Γέγονε εἰς ἐμέ
Category: Envelope
In 77 documents—all Arsinoite, all dating to the first and second centuries, all framed as homologiai, and almost all drafted in the office of the grapheion—the ‘non-declaring party’ autographically acknowledges that the act recorded was performed for him (γέγονε εἰς ἐμέ). If he or she is illiterate, the text is composed by a literate bystander (cf., e.g., P.Mich. V 257.10-11: 30 CE, Arsinoites). The clause is most commonly attested in the context of sales but also occurs in loans, labour contracts, leases, and in one marriage document. Its subject, in the nominative case, is the specific type of act (ἀποχή, ἀρραβών, μισθοπρασία, μίσθωσις, παραθήκη, παραχώρησις, πρᾶσις, συστατικόν), the diplomatic category (διαγραφή) or simply the term ὁμολογία. In the case of sales, where the clause is particularly well-developed, the author records the object in the genitive and records the payment of the consideration in the aorist tense. P.Mich. V 251.17-21 (19 CE, Talithis): Πιμῶς Ὀρσενούφιος μητρὸς Τελεμάσιος | 18 γέγονε εἴς με ἡ προκιμένη πρᾶσις τῶν προκιμέ̣ν̣ω̣ν τόπων | 19 [ψιλῶν καὶ] ἔδωκα τὴν συνκεχωρημένην τιμὴν καθ̣ὼς πρόκι|20[ται. ἔγ]ραψεν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ Θέων Διδύμου διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν | 21 [γράμ]ματα. (‘Pimos, son of Orsenouphis, my mother being Telemasis. The aforesaid sale of the aforesaid [vacant] lots was made to me, and I gave the price agreed upon as aforesaid. Theon, son of Didymos, wrote for him because he was illiterate’).
Bibl.: Wolff (1978): 41; Worp (1996): 72; Hagedorn (1998): 178-179.
BGU II 446.26 (169-177, Nilopolis) [arrhabon]; 526.39-42 (86, SokN) [homologia]; IV 1049.29-30 (342, PtolEu) [homologia ?]; VII 1662.13-20, ll. 19-20 (182, PtolEu) [apoche]; CPR I 29.28-32 (184, PtolEu) [paratheke]; P.Fam.Tebt. 4.32-33 (94, Teb) [homologia]; 22.31-32 (122, Teb) [homologia]; 27.25-28 (132, Teb) [systatikon]; P.Kron. 9.30-31 (111, Teb); 17.36-38 (140, Teb) [homologia]; 48.44-45 (35, Teb) [prasis]; P.Lips. II 130.25-26 (16, Teb); P.Lond. II 289.33-38 (91, Euh) [eudokesis]; P.Meyer 5.19-20 (98-117, ArsN) [homologia]; P.Mich. III 188.25-26 (120, Bac) [homologia]; 189.35-37 (123, Bac) [homologia]; V 249.5-6 (hyp.) (18, ArsN) [prasis]; 250.1-2 (18, ArsN) [prasis]; 251.17-20 (19, Talithis) [prasis]; 252.9-10 (25/6, Teb) [parachoresis]; 253.13-14 (30, ArsN) [prasis]; 257.10-11 (30, ArsN) [prasis]; 258.17-18 (32/3 or 33/4, Teb) [prasis]; 259.35-37 (33, Teb) [parachoresis]; 263.39-41 (35/6, Teb) [prasis]; 265.26-29 [with 264] (37, ArsN) [prasis]; 267.14-15 (41/2, ArsN) [parachoresis]; 272.11-12 (45/6, ArsN) [prasis]; 273.11 (46, ArsN) [parachoresis]; 277.7-8 (hyp.) (48, Teb) [prasis]; 290.13-15 (37?, ArsN) [prasis]; 296.7-8 (hyp.) (I, ArsN) [prasis]; 300.15-16 (hyp.) (I, Teb) [prasis]; 307.9-10 (hyp.) (I, Teb) [prasis]; 309.8-10 (hyp.) (I, ArsN) [prasis]; 311.42-43 (34, Talei) [misthosis]; 339.7-9 (46, ArsN) [homologia]; 347.4 (21, ArsN) [syngraphe aigyptia]; 348.33-36 (26, Teb); 351.35-36 (44, Teb) [homologia]; 355.14-15 (c. 48-56, Teb) [homologia]; VI 428.17-18 (154, Kar) [homologia]; IX 563.23-24 (128/9, Kar) [misthosis?]; 566.31-34 (86, Hiera Nesos) [homologia]; X 583.34-37 (78, Bac) [prasis, ext.]; XI 605.27 (117, Bac) [apoche]; XII 636.24-26 (302, PtolEu) [παραχώρησις καὶ ἐκχώρησις]; P.Mil. I 8.35-39 (48, Thead) [homologia]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 78.30-32 (138/9, Teb) [homologia]; P.Münch. III 84.33-35 (211, ArsN) [prasis]; P.Oxy. XVII 2136.18-19 (291, PtolEu) [misthoprasis, with stipulatio]; P.Petaus 32.6 (184/5, Ptolemais Hormou); P.Ryl. II 173a.28 (99, Teb)?; P.Sakaon 59.18-19 (305, PtolEu) [prasis]; 60.19-20 (306, PtolEu) [prasis]; P.Soter. 5.43-47 (94, Thead) [homologia]; P.Tebt. II 312.23-24 (123/4, Teb) [homologia]; 380.45-46 (67, Teb) [homologia]; 388.35-37 (98, Teb) [homologia]; P.Vind.Tand. 22.22-23 (64, Nilopolis) [homologia]; P.Warr. 8.38-39 (86, Phil) [homologia] ; P.Wisc. II 58.21 [with 59] (298, PtolEu) [prasis]; PSI VIII 908.1.12-13 (42/3, Teb) [homologia]; 909.12-13 (44, Teb) [homologia]; 915.14 (I, Teb) [prasis]; 929.37-39 (111, ArsN) [homologia]; X 1144.25 (99?, Teb) [ekchoresis]; PSI Congr. XX 6.27-29 (41, Teb) [prasis]; SB VI 9109.17-18 (31, Teb) [prasis]; X 10222.30-33 (20, Ox) [diagraphe]; XIV 11843.31-33 (95, Teb) [homologia]; XXII 15472.26-27 (134, PtolEu) [homologia].
17. Request for Endorsement
Category: Envelope Link to Synallagma
The formulation ἐὰν φαίνηται is already attested in the Ptolemaic period, in particular in the context of petitions and applications to state officials who are asked to instruct their subordinates to undertake a certain activity, most commonly to forward a petition to the appropriate official [e.g., P.Tor.Choach. 5 A = UPZ II 192 (111/0 BCE, Thebes: ἐὰν φαί̣|20νηται συν̣τάξαι γράψαι | 22 οἷς καθήκ[ε]ι (‘If this seems right, (I ask you) to order a letter to be written to the proper authority’)], or register the submitted document [P.Amh. II 35.35-36 (132 BCE, Soknopaiou Nesos): ἀξιοῦμεν ἐὰν φαίνηται συν|36τάξαι καταχωρίσαι ἡμῶν τὸ ὑπόμνημα (‘We entreat you, if it pleases you, to give instructions that our petition shall be registered at your office’)]. The function of the formulation changes in the first century CE: it is less frequently encountered in petitions but is introduced as a constant element in a new type of instrument, the lease hypomnema, where it is followed by the infinitive μισθῶσαι (rarely with the dative: μοί / ἡμῖν) or (much more rarely) its medial voice, μισθώσασθαι. The form ἐπιχωρῆσαι is also attested occasionally in later documentation. The wording frequently concludes with ἐπὶ τοῖς προκειμένοις (‘on the terms stated above’). Some scribes augment the clause with further terms, usually dealt with in the body of the text. See, e.g., BGU II 640.11-12 (185 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos): ἐὰν φαίνη[ται] μισθῶσαι | 12 ἐ[π]ὶ τῷ φόρετρα μὴ πραχθῆν̣α̣ι̣ (‘if you agree to make the lease, on the condition that I will not be charged with the transportation fees’). BGU XV 2485.20-22 (209 CE, Arsinoites): ἐὰν φαίνηται | 21 μ̣[ισ]θ̣ῶ̣σ̣α̣ι̣ πρ̣ὸς σὲ τὸν Διογένην ὄντος τοῦ | 22 ἐπε̣λ̣ευσομένου μοι εἵν̣εκα̣ (l. ἕνεκα) [το]ῦ κήπου (‘if you agree to make the lease, on the condition that the one who proceeds against me on account of the garden will be incumbent upon you’); P.Alex.Giss. 5.17-18 (215 CE, Arsinoites): ἐὰν φα]ίνηται μισ[θῶσ]αι, μένοντός | 18 [σοι -ca.?- ] ὀφ‹ε›ίλω φόρου μνῶν δύο (‘If you agree to make the lease, your claim to the rent in kind for two months will remain unaffected’); cf. ‘earlier transaction‘ [1b].; SB XVI 13006.36-41 (144 CE, Arsinoites): ἐὰν φαίν[η]τ̣(αι) μισθ(ῶσαι), βεβαιουμέ|37νης μ[ο]ι [τ]ῆς μισθώσεω(ς) | 38 ὑπὸ σο[ῦ καὶ] ἀ̣πὸ δημ[ο]σίων | 39 πάντων ἔ̣ξ̣ω̣ δημοσί̣[ω]ν̣ φ̣ο̣λ̣ε̣τ̣ (l. φορέτ(ρων) | 40 τῶν κα̣[ὶ ὄν]τ̣ων πρὸ[ς ἐμ]ὲ | 41 τὸν μεμισ[θ(ωμένον)] (‘If you agree to make the lease, as long as you warrant the lease for me against all public charges (cf.: ‘bebaiosis: [Type3]’), with the exception of the transportation fees that will rest upon me the lessee (cf. Taxes in Lease)’. The clause is modestly attested in the first century (19 cases), becomes quite common in the second (106), gradually loses ground in the third (25), and disappears almost completely in the fourth (3 cases in all). Apart from three Hermopolite documents, the evidence is exclusively Arsinoite.
Bibl.: Herrmann (1958): 31-32, 41; Arangio-Ruiz (1962): 7-8, 16; Wolff (1978): 115.
BGU I 39.22-23 (186, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 166.12-13 (157, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 227.22-23 (151, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 237.16-17 (164/5, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 253.22 (244-248 , PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; II 422.20-21 (139/40, ArsN) [ἐπιστεῖλαι οῖς καθήκει ἕκαστα ἐπιτελεῖν ὃν τρόπον ἁρμόζει]; 606.16 (306, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; 640.11-12 (185, SokN) [μισθῶσαι; with phoretra]; 661.23 (140, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι; with taxes]; III 831.16 (201, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; IV 1018.26 (III, ArsN) [μισθώσασθαι]; VII 1644.26-27 (294?, Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; XI 2034.16 (II/III, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; 2035.22 ? (129, Kar); 2124.11-12 (138-161 or 169-176, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; XIII 2333.19-20 (142/3, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; XV 2483.11 (205, ArsN); 2484.13-14 (II, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 2485.20-22 (209, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι, with defension]; CPR I 31.33-34 (153, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 104.18 (c. 190-192, ArsN) [κυροῦν]; VIII 9.16 (159, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Alex.Giss. 5.21 (215, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Amh. II 86.16-17 (78, Herm) [μισθῶσαι μοι]; 90.23 (159, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 91.24 (159, PtolEu/Euh) [μισθῶσαι]; 92.25 (162/3, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; 93.24 (181, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; 97.17 (181, SokN) [κυρῶσαι]; P.Athen. 19.19-20 (153, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Bad. VI 170.30-31 (54, Thead) [μισθῶσαι μοι]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 19.39-40 (221/2 or 225/6, Kerkesephis) [μισθώσασθαι]; 23.17 (252, Thead) [μισθῶσαι μοι]; P.Bodl. I 34.28 (158/9, ArsN) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; 85.12 (II, ArsN?) [μισθώσασθαι]; P.Cair.Isid. 99.25 (297, Kar) [μισθώσασθαι]; 101.12 (300, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Col. VII 179.27 (300, Kar) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Coll.Youtie I 27.36 (165, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Corn. 10.29-30 (119, Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Diog. 26.13 (159, Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Fam.Tebt. 28.21 (133, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 44.11 (Kerkesoucha Orous) [μισθῶσαι]; 45.12 (190, Kerkesoucha Orous) [μισθῶσαι]; 47.30 (195, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Fay. 36.20-21 (111/2, Thead) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; 93.17-19 (161, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; 307.20 (132, Philoteris); P.Flor. I 16.35 (239, Euh) [μισθῶσαι]; 19.17 (248, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; III 368r.15 (96, Herm) [μισθῶσαι ἡμῖν]; P.Gen. I 34.9-10 (156, Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Graux II 21.19-20 (151, Apias) [μισθώσασθαι]; P.Grenf. II 41.22-23 (46, SokN) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; P.Hamb. I 64.27 (103, Euh) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Iand. III 26.27-28 (98, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι, with metamisthosis]; 28.23-24 (104, Thead) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Ifao III 2.4 (138-161, UP) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Köln III 141.19-20 (57/8, OxN) [ed.: συνταγήσεται οἷς καθήκει ἕκα̣σ̣τ̣α̣ ἐπιτελεῖν ὃν τρόπον ἁρ[μόζει];]; XIV 574.9-10 (II, ArsN) [κυρῶσαι]; P.Kron. 41.29 (140, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 46.24 (153, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Lips. I 16.19-20 (138, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Lond. II 168.14-15 (162, Psenharpsenesis) [μισθῶσαι]; 286.19-20 (88/9 SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; 314.20-21 (149, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Louvre II 113.b.3-4 (159, ArsN) [μισθώσασθαι]; P.Mert. II 68.34 (136 Kerkeosiris); III 107.24 (II, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 123.7 (151, ArsN) [μισθώσασθαι]; P.Mich. III 184.23 (121, Bac) [μισθῶσαι]; 185.26-28 (122, Bac) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; IX 561.20-21 (102, Kar) [μισθῶσαι]; 564.18-19 (150, Kar) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; XII 630.17-18 (38, Teb) [μισθῶσαι ἡμῖν]; 631.13 (185, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; XIV 678.15-17 (98, UP) [with metamisthosis]; XVIII 791.22 (212/3 , Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; XXI 849.10-11 (Iend/IIb, Kar) [μισθωσάσθαι]; P.Michael. 22.23 (291, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 53.20 (152/3, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 63.38 (170, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 67.9-10 (165, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 104.37 (127, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 106.35 (before 134, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; III 131.10-11 (165, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 132.36 (165, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 133.42 (165, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 138.30 (169, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 139.33 (169, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 140.43 (176, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 143.26 (170/1, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 144.25 (166, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 145.24 (142, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 187.11 (II, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; VI 267.32 (125/6, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 269.27-28 (124, Teb) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; 270.12-13 (129, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 271.15 (141, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 273.21-22 (168, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 286.36 (139, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 290.35 (II, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Oxf. 13.38 (154/5, Argeias/SokN) [μισθώσασθαι]; P.Petaus 17.24-34, ll. 33-34 (184, PtolEu) [ἐπισταλῆναι]; 18.21-33, l. 33 (185, ArsN) [ἐπισταλῆναι]; 23.26 (185/6, Pharbaithos) [παραδεῖξαι]; P.Phil. 12.30? (150/1 or 173/4, Phil) [ed.: ἐ̣ὰν ̣μσθ( );]; 13.20-21 (155 , Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; 15.26 (153/4, Phil); P.Ryl. II 97.15 (139, UP) [μισθῶσαι]; 98a.16-17 (154/5, Thead) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; 166.28-29 (26, Euh) [μισθώσασθαι]; 167.29-31 (39, Euh) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Scholl 6.25-26 (after 159, ArsN) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; P.Soter. 3.39-40 (89/90, Thead) [μισθῶσαι μοι]; 4.46-47 (87, Thead) [μισθῶσαι]; 26.16-18 (83-96, Thead) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; P.Stras. I 30.21-22 (276, Thead) [μισθῶσαι]; IV 267.29 (126-128, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; 282.16 (161-169, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; V 362.34 (149/50, Euh) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; 465.27-28 (230, Polydeukia) [μισθῶσαι]; VI 535.19? (II, ArsN) [μισθώσασθαι]; 571.29 (175, Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; VIII 706.30-32 (122/3, PtolEu) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; P.Tebt. II 317.29-33 (174/5, Teb/Alex) [συντάξαι]; 325.16-18 (after 145/146, Teb) [ed. διὸ ἐπιδίδωμί | [σοι ἵνα] τὸ ἀκόλο[υ]θον γένηται ὡς | [ἐπὶ τῶν] ὁμοίων;]; 374.21 (131, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; 377.32-33 (210, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; P.Würz. 11.22 (99, ArsN) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι]; PSI VII 787.24 (176/7?, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; X 1124.31 (150, Teb) [protasis only]; PSI Congr. XX 7.17 (104, Kar) [μισθῶσαι]; SB I 5670.19 (167-192, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 5673.18-20 (147, HermN) [ἐπιστεῖλαι οἷς καθήκει]; IV 7441.13-14 (230?, UP) [μισθώσασθαι]; 7474.17-18 (c. 254/5, ArsN) [μισθώσασθαι]; V 7665.17 (225, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 8086.22-23 (268, Sentrempaei) [μισθῶσαι]; VI 8976.18 (after 105, SokN) [ed. [ἀπο]δ̣έ̣χ(εσθαι);]; 9226.28 (II/III, SokN) [μισθῶσαι]; 9562.18-19 (214 , Phil) [μισθῶσαι]; XIV 11431.14 (95/96?, Kerkeesis) [μισθῶσαι]; 11603.27 (157-159, PtolEu) [μισθῶσαι]; 11718.23 (141, Teb) [μισθῶσαι]; XVI 13005.26-27 (144, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 13006.36 (144, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι with bebaiosis and taxation]; 13008.25-26 (144, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 13011.22-24 (144, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; 13012.20-21 (42, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι ἡμῖν]; XVIII 13102.11 (81-95, UP) [μισθῶσαι]; XX 14314.13-17 (26, Teb) [ἐπιχωρῆσαι with metamisthosis]; SPP XX 57.23-24 (263, Dionysias) [μισθῶσαι]; 70.31 (261, ArsN) [μισθῶσαι]; XXII 177.32 (136/7, SokN) [μεταχωρῆσαι].
18. Endorsement
Category: Envelope Link to Synallagma
In the context of the lease hypomnemata, where the act is described from the viewpoint of the prospective lessee, the lessor may add his autograph attestation of the performance of the lease: (ἐξ-)εμίσθωσα, (ἐπι-)μεμίσθωκα, ἐπικεχώρηκα (μισθοῦν) and συγχωρῶ. With the exception of the last form, the scribe uses the perfect or aorist indicative. Within the same clause, the lessor may report additional terms of the contract, in particular his right to lease out the object to others should a higher bid be tendered: P.Ryl. II 172.27-33 (208 CE, Arsinoites): Γάιος Οὐαλέριος Πάν|28σας μεμίσθωκα ὡς | 29 πρόκειται, ἐπὰν δὲ | 30 μή τις προσθῇ | 31 σοι, μενεῖς ἐπὶ | 32 τῇ προγεγραμμένῃ | 33 μισθώσ‹ε›ι. (‘I, Gaius Valerius Pansas, have leased (the object) under the terms stipulated. If no one offers me a higher bid, you will retain the lease’).
A similar practice of a ‘silent’ (i.e., not declaring) party adding autograph confirmation of the performed act is attested in two labour contracts, one, P.Oxy. XXXVI 2769.35-39 (242 CE, Oxyrhynchos), recording the cession of a liturgy and the other, Stud.Pal. XXII 40.30-33 (150 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos), confirming the reception of an apprenticeship: Παυσῖρις Πανεφρέμιος ὁμολογῶ ἐκδέ̣χ̣ε̣στα[ι] (l. ἐκδέχεσθαι) | 31 πεδισκη (l. παιδίσκην) μ̣α̣θ̣‹ε›ῖ̣ν̣ τέχνην ἐπὶ τε (l. τὸν) κροκείμενον (l. προκείμενον) χ|32ρόν[ο]ν καὶ ἕκα‹σ›τα ποιήσω καθὼς πρόκ[ιτα]ι. | 33 Σ[ατα]βοῦ[ς] ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτο(ῦ) ἀγραμμάτο(υ) (‘I Pausiris son of Panephremis acknowledge that I have taken up a she-slave for her to learn the craft for the period of time recorded above and I will do everything as has been set out. I, Satabous, have written for him since he is illiterate’). Much more common in this context is the eudokesis clause.
Bibl.: Bolla (1940): 37-38; Wolff (1946): 60, (1978): 115; Herrmann (1958): 32-33; Hässler (1960): 102; Kränzlein (1982): 317-322, (1997): 405.
BGU I 227.24-25 (151, ArsN) [OSim: ἐμίσθωσα]; 253.22-24 (244-248, PtolEu) [OSim]; II 393.18 (167, Dionysias) [OSim: ed.: ἐπιχω(ρῶ) ἐπὶ [τοῖς π(ροκειμένοις)];]; 538.36-37 (100, Nilopolis) [OSim: εὐδοκῶ τοῖς προκειμένοις]; 603.26-28 (168, ArsN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 633.21-23 (211, ArsN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; VII 1644.27 (297,Phil); CPR I 40.40-43 (300, Herak) [OExt 2: μεμίσθωκα]; VIII 9.22-23 (159, ArsN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Amh. II 90.23-25 (159, ArsN) [lease, OSim]; P.Athen. 19.20-21 (153, ArsN) [OSim: ἐμίσθωσα]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 19.40-41 (221/2 or 225/6, Kerkesephis) [OSim: μισθώκαμεν]; P.Cair.Isid. 98.18-21 (291, Kar) [OExt: ἔσχον τὸ ἐκφόριον]; 99.27 (297, Kar) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 100.20 (297, Kar) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 101.13-16 (300, ArsN) [OSim: μεμισθώκαμεν]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67105.26-29 (532, Aphr) [OSim: ἐξεμίσθωσε]; P.Col. VII 179.28-30 (300, Kar) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 180.14-20 (315/6 or 330/1, Kar) [OSim, B1: μεμίσθωκα]; X 284.22 (311, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; P.Coll.Youtie I 27.36-38 (165, Teb) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; II 68.39-40 (266, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; 80.27-28 (315, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; P.Corn. 10.30-33 (119, Phil) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Diog. 26.13-18 (159, Phil) [OVExt: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Dubl. 31.23-27 (355, Panop) [OSim]; P.Fay. 93.19-20 (161, PtolEu) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 307.23-26 (132, Philoteris) [OSim: ἐπικεχώρηκα]; P.Flor. I 19.17-19 (248, PtolEu) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Gen. I 34.9-10 (156, Phil) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; 70.17-22 (372/3, Phil) [OSim: ἐμισθώκαμεν]; P.Hamb. I 20.18-19 (258, Phil/Tanis) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Kron. 34.34-40 (135, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 46.24-28 (153, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Lips. I 19.29 (320, Herm) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 24.11-15 (IV, Herm) [OSim: ἐμισθωσάμεθα]; P.Lond. II 286.21-22 (88/9, SokN) [OSim?: ἐπικεχωρήκαμεν]; III 979.23-24 (346, Herm) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Mert. III 123.8-11 (151, ArsN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Mich. III 185.28-30 (122, Bac) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; V 314.6-7 (I, ArsN) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; 316.7-8 (34, ArsN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; XIV 633.39-40 (c. 30, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 678.18-20 (98, UP) [OSim: ἐπικεχώρηκα]; P.Michael. 22.24-26 (291, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 24.31-33 (297, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 67.10 (165, Teb) [OSim, OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; 107.18-20 (153/4, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; III 130.36-37 (165, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 131.11-12 (165, Teb) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; 144.25-29; (166, Teb) [μεμίσθωκα, with rent]; IV 220.30-31 (132/3, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 269.31-32 (124, Teb) [OSim: ἐπικεχώρηκα]; 270.13-16 (129, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 271.16-19 (141, Teb) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 273.22 (168, Teb)?; P.Münch. III 91.20-21 (V, HermN) [OSim: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; P.NYU II 9.11-15 (250, UP) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Oxf. 13.39-40 (154/5, Argeias/SokN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Oxy. I 102.24-25 (306, Ox) [OExt: ἐμίσθωσα]; 103.24-27 (316, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; XXXI 2585.23-25 (315, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; XXXVI 2769.35-39 (242, Ox) [labour, συνηλλάγην καὶ διαπέπεισμαι?]; XLV 3257.18-19 (318, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; L 3591.45-47 (219, Ox) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; LXI 4121.29-31 (289/90, Ox) [OSim: ἔσχον τούτου τὸ ἴσον]; P.Panop. 1.14-17 (298/9, PanopN) [OSim: ἐμίσθωσα]; 2.13-15 (308, PanopN) [OSim: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; 8.17-20 (338, PanopN) [OExt: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; 9.12-14 (339, PanopN) [OExt: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; P.Phil. 13.21-26 (155, Phil) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 14.25-28 (155, Phil) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Prag. II 167.13-17 (580/595, ArsN) [OExt: ἐμίσθωσα]; P.Rain.Cent. 60.17-19 (164, ArsN); [OExt: ἔσχον τὸ ἴσον]; P.Ryl. II 166.30-31 (26, Euh) [labour, συγχωρῶ]; 169.21-23 (197, HermN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 172.27-33 (208, ArsN) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα, with metamisthosis]; IV 600.23-27 (8A, ArsN) [OExt: ἐπικεχώρηκα μισθοῦν; with metamisthosis]; P.Sakaon 68.28-29 (325, Thead) [μεμίσθωκα*]; 69.29-30 (331, Thead) [μεμίσθωκα*]; 70.17-19 (338, Boubastos) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 70.17-18 (338, Boubastos) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 71.27-29 (306, Thead) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Sarap. 50.14 (124, HermN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 51.28-31 (125, HermN) [OExt 2: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Soter. 3.40-46 (89-90, Thead) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα, with metamisthosis]; P.Stras. IV 282.18-21 (161-169, ArsN) [OSim: μισθώκαμεν]; VI 507.11-12 (138, HermN) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; 571.29-30 (175, Phil) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; P.Turner 37.25-26 (270, PtolEu) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; PSI VIII 879.24-28 (99, Kar) [OSim: receipt of the rent]; XII 1233.31-32? (323/4?, PanopN) [OSim?: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; SB XII 10982.23-24 (288, Phil) [OSim: μεμίσθωκα]; XIV 11911.35-37 (224, ArsN) [OSim: ἐμίσθωσα]; 12192.3-11 (92/108, Teb) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; XVIII 13582.21-22 (184, UP) [OExt: μεμίσθωκα]; XXII 15346.22-27, 27-29 (88/9, Kar) [OExt, bis; μεμίσθωκα]; XXIV 15959.11-13 (VIf, Aphr) [OExt 2: ἐξεμίσθωσα]; SPP XXII 40.30-33 (150 SokN) [labour, ὁμολογῶ ἐκδέχεσθαι].
19. Eudokesis
Category: Envelope Link to Synallagma
The verb εὐδοκέω (‘I consent’) usually takes the dative to express the object of consent. Rarely, and only in the context of the phrase ἐπὶ πᾶσι τοῖς προκειμένοις (‘on all aforementioned conditions’), the verb is followed by the preposition ἐπί with the dative. The object of consent is sometimes a specific legal act such as γάμος, διαίρεσις, καρπεία, μετεπιγραφή, πρᾶσις, συστατική, ὑποθήκη, or ὠνή. Alternatively, the reference may be to the contents of the document: ὁμολογία, συγχώρησις, τὸ δηλούμενον or τὰ προγεγράμμενα. The εὐδόκησις may also relate to a future act: τῇ ἐσομένῃ δημοσιώσει (‘to the future demosiosis’); τοῖς ὑπὸ σοῦ ἐπιτελεσθησομένοις (‘to all that you will discharge in the future’); πᾶσι οἷς ἐὰν (name) περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν σύστασιν οἰκονομήσῃ (‘To all that [name] may discharge in accordance with this deed of procuration’). The consent clause is used primarily in the context of deeds of sale of land and slaves, apportionments of family estates, secured loans, and labour contracts that record the appointment of a representative, the cession of liturgies, and apprenticeship. Conversely, it is very rare in leases, and irregular in loans and wills. In its earliest papyrological attestation, land parachoreseis from first-century BCE Herakleopolites, the clause conveys a detailed account of the μετεπιγραφή. BGU VIII 1732.3-4 (80-30 BCE, Herakleopolis): εὐδοκ]εῖν τῆι γ[εγονυίᾳ τῶι Φιλοξένῳ διὰ τ]οῦ ἱπ̣[πικ]οῦ λογιστηρίου | 4 [μετεπιγραφῇ, ἧς παρακεχ]ώ̣ρηκεν αὐτῶι ἀ̣πὸ τοῦ κλή[ρου αὐτοῦ] περ̣ὶ̣ ̣[ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣]ας ἀρούρ[ας μιᾶς (‘[The conveyor acknowledges that] he consents to the conveyance of title that took place to the benefit of Philoxenos through the cavalry record office, relating to one aroura of his kleros that he ceded to him in the vicinity of [ – – ]’). In the context of land and slave sales, the consenting party frequently pledges not to sue for the object of conveyance. The wording is that of the injunction of legal dispute. Cf. e.g., P.Mich. V 306.13-16 (I CE, Arsinoites): εὐδοκοῦσι δὲ | 14 ἡ γυνή μου Τααρμιύσιος (l. Τααρμιῦσις) Ἁρμιύσιος καὶ Ὀ[ρσενοῦφι]ς τοῦ Ὀρσενούφιος καὶ ἡ τοῦ | 15 Ὀρσενοῦφις (l. Ὀρσενούφιος) γυνὴ{ι} Θερμούθιος (l. Θερμοῦθις) Μέρσιος τῇ πράσ‹ε›ι ταύτηι καὶ μὴ ἐπελεύ|16σονται (l. ἐπελεύσεσθαι) ἐπὶ τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον μηδʼ ἐνκ̣α̣λ̣έ̣σ̣ειν μηδὲ ἄλλον ὑπὲρ | 17 αὐτῶν καθὼς πρόκιται (‘My wife Taarmiysis, daughter of Harmiysis, and Orsenouphis (?), son of Orsenouphis, and his wife Thermouthis, daughter of Mersis, consent to the sale and agree not to proceed against it or bring any claim, and (affirm) that no one else shall (act) as aforesaid on their behalf’) (transl.: editio princeps, pp. 228-229). In labour contracts, the verb εὐδοκέω is used to introduce, in the infinitive, other obligations. In this sense, its function is assimilated to the verb ὁμολογέω. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. LXVII 4597.17-20 (294 CE, Oxyrhynchos): ἀμφότεροι δὲ | 18 εὐδοκεῖν ἐπὶ τούτοις καὶ ὁ μὲν Πτολ̣[εμῖ]νος ὁ καὶ Σαρμάτης ἀποδώσ‹ε›ιν τῶ(ν) | 19 ἐσομένων μηνῶν τὰ λοιπὰ σαλάρι[α, ὁ δ]ὲ Δημητράμ̣μ̣ων ἀποπληρώ|σ‹ε›ιν | 20 τὴν χρείαν καὶ ἄποχα γραμμάτια ἐποίσ‹ε›ι[ν] [ τῆς] παραδόσεω[ς] (‘Both parties (acknowledge that they) consent to the terms, and Ptoleminus alias Sarmates that he will pay the remaining salary for the future months, and Demetrammon that he will fulfill the charge and bring back written receipts for delivery’) (transl.: editio princeps, pp. 188-189). Functionally identical, but of Egyptian background, is the formulation (e.g., SB I 5231.9-10 (11 CE, Psinachis)): ἐπ[ικελεύει γυν]ὴ‹ι› ἱέ[ρ]ε[ια Σούχου Τομσ]άεις πατρὸς ἐμνείθου Χαιρήμονος μητρὸς Ταμε|10[σ]θασύτμιος, ἡ τούτου γυ[νή], λέγου[σα γρά]φειν καὶ ποιεῖν κατὰ πάντα τὰ προγεγρα[μμένα οἷς καὶ πέπεισμαι (‘Tomsaeis acknowledges that she consents to the sale and will not proceed against him in any claim as is stated above’) (transl.: Johnson (1936): pp. 265–266).
Bibl.: e.g., Sethe – Partsch (1920): 686; Montevecchi (1939): 23-24; Wolff (1964) 498-506; Yiftach (2015): 97-141; Scheuble-Reiter (2012): 170; Depauw (2003): 82, 100.
BGU I 101.23-27 (115, ArsN) [karpeia]; 193.28-30 (136, PtolEu) [prasis]; II 543.14-16 (27A, Haueris) [unique]; VIII 1731.3-4, 12-13 (68/7A, Herak) [metep.] [syneud.; parachoresis]; 1732.2-4 (80A-30A, Herak) [metep.]; 1733.4-9, 16-17 (80A-30A, Herak) [metep.] [syneud.; parachoresis]; 1735.11-13 (98A, Herak) [metep.]; 1736.11-13 (78A, Herak) [metep.; μηδὲν κακοτεχνήσειν]; 1738.17-21 (72A, Herak) [metep.; syneud.; parachoresis]; 1739.10-12 (72A, Herak?) [metep.]; XX 2843.1-8 (72A, Herak) [eudok.: metepigraphe; syneud.: parachoresis]; CPR I 88 + 145.9 (II, ArsN); 154.9-21 (179, ArsN) [prasis, mult, with surrender, earlier transactions]; 185.3-4 (II, ArsN) [with injunction on suit]; 188.26 (106/7, ArsN) [parachoresis, with penalty]; 189.14 (II, ArsN); XVIIb 6.14-20? (184/5, Panop) [prok.]; XV 2.17 (11, SokN) [prasis, without injunction on suit]; M.Chr. 361.21-22 (355, Eleph); O.Claud. III 623.8 (138-161?, Mons Claudianus) [prok.?]; P.Aberd. I 53.20-21 (10/1, UP) [diairesis]; P.Abinn 62.16-17 (350, Phil.) [syneud.]; P.Bagnall 34.25-27 (I/II, Memphis?) [syneud.; homologia, with injunction of and penalty on suit]; P.Bodl. I 31.7-9 (169-176 SokN) [future acts]; 32.1-5 (c. 240, Oasis Magna) [systastikon]; P.Brem. 68.14 (99, Herm?); P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.17-18 (341, Herm) [loan, OExt, with eudokesis]; P.Dime III 8GH.14 (23, SokN) [prok.]; 14GH.6-7 (29, SokN) [syneud.: prasis, bebaiosis]; 16GD.5-6 (34?, SokN) [prasis, injunction on suit]; 37GD.9-11 (20/1, SokN); 38GH.7 (42, SokN) [syneud., prok.]; P.Dura 21.8-9 (If, Dura Europos) [chrematismos, hypotheke]; 23.11 (133 Ossa, near Dura Europos) [prok.]; P.Erl. 63.3-4 (III, UP) [syneud.; ekchoresis]; P.Fam.Tebt. 11.1.24 (108, Teb) [prok.]; P.Flor. I 1.15 (153, Herm) [prok., in a wider context]; P.Fouad I 33.36-38 (I, UP); 35.10-15 (48, Ox) [systasis]; 36.30 (167, Ox) [systasis]; P.Freib. II 9.14-15 (138-161, ArsN); 10.6-7 (196, PtolEu) [anakyrexis]; P.FuadUniv. 21.42 (253-260, UP) [demosiosis]; P.Hamb. III 218.13-14 (29/30, Oxyrhyncha) [with injunction on suit]; P.Kell. I 39.18-21 (IV Kellis): εὐδοκοῦμεν καὶ πεπείσμεθα; P.Kron. 48.24-25, 41-42 (35, Teb) [prasis, injunction on suit, personal description]; P.Lips. I 26.13-14 (IVe, Herm?) [prok.]; P.Lond. II 154.17 (68, Kar); 229.10-12 (166 Seleukeia Pieria): ed.: id fide sua | 11 et auctoritate esse iussit C(aius) Iulius Antiochus, mani|12pularius (triere) Uirtute]; 262.6-7 (11 SokN) [prasis]; 277.13-17 (23 SokN) [syneud.; prok.]; 289.4-15, 24-39 (91, Euh) [prasis, injunction on suit]; III 1164f.37-38 (212, Antin) [εὐδοκῶ καὶ πείθομαι; prok.]; 1164i.22-23 (212, Antin) [prok.]; 1168.15-16 (44, Herm) [prok.]; P.Mich. V 241.1-14 ll. 10-12 (46, Teb) [prasis, injunction on suit, personal description]; 250.6-7 (18, Teb) [injunction on suit]; 252.7-8 (25/6, Teb) [injunction on suit]; 254.7-8 (29/30, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 258.13-14 (33/4?, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 269.10-11, 20-21 (42, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 277.6-7 (48, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 280.5-6 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 283.1-19 passim (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 294.9-10 (I, Teb); 297.8-9 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 299.8-11 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 300.9-14 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 301.8-9 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 305.15-18 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 306.12-13 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 307.8-9 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 308.6-7 (I, Teb) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 322a.35-37 (46, Teb); 328.1.6-7 (29/30, ArsN) [prasis; injunction on suit]; 332.15-17 (47/8, ArsN) [homologia; injunction on suit]; XI 604.21-24 (223, Ox); P.Michael. 35.c.1-3 (VI/VII, Ox); 45.74-75 (540, Aphr) [συμπείθομαι, prasis]; P.Monts.Roca IV 76.9-12 (182A KrokArs) [parachoresis; μητὲν (l. μηδὲ (?)) παρασυγγρα[φήσειν];]; P.Nekr. 5.21-24 (241, Kysis) [prok.]; 10.2.6-8 (244, Hibis); 10.2.32-34 (244, Hibis) [injunction on suit]; P.Nerm. 2006 6 ll. 9-10 (106/7?, Thead?) [parachoresis; injunction on suit]; P.Oslo III 129.8-9 (III, Antin); 135.28-29 (286-293, Ox) [prok. with stipulatio]; P.Oslo. II 31.30-36 (138-161?, UP) [diairesis; compliance, injunction on suit]; P.Oxy. I 94.15-19 (83, Ox) [prok.]; 104.32-34 (96, Ox) [prok.]; II 261.17 (55, Ox) [systasis]; 372.5-6 (74/5, Ox) [syneud.]; III 504.32-38, 52-57 (IIe, Ox) [syndok.; prok.]; IV 725.47-52 (183, Ox) [with obligation to teach]; 726.22 (134/5, Ox); 727.25-26 (154, Ox) [synchoresis]; VI 905.16-18 (170, OxN) [gamos; with surety]; X 1278.35-37 (214, Ox) [koinon homologema]; XIV 1636.23-26 (249, Ox) [ἀρκουμένου σου: bebaiosis]; 1638.26, 37-39 (282, Ox) [homologia] [prok., with exoneration]; XXII 2349.27-38, ll. 40-43 (70, Ox) ?; XXXI 2586.42-48 (264, Ox) [prok.; with stip.]; XXXIV 2721.35-37 (234, Ox) [prok.]; XXXVIII 2859.20-25 (301, Ox) [with duties of the employee, exoneration]; 2875.34-37 (IIIe, Ox); XLI 2977.42-45, 55-56 (239/40, Ox) [bis, with obligation to teach]; XLIII 3092.19-20 (217, Ox) [prok.]; XLIV 3197.20-22 (111, Ox) [ter, diairesis]; XLIX 3482.26-27, 30-37 (73A, Oxyrhynchos) [syneud.] [eud; the contents to the syngraphe + horkos; extensive]; LXVII 4597.17-20 (294, Ox) [prok.]; LXXVII 5107.39-42 (210/1, Ox); LXXXVI 5550.18-19 (84/87/89/90, Ox); P.Rein.II 103.37 (26, Ox) [prok.]; P.Ryl.II 160b.4-5 (37 SokN) [prasis]; 179.34-35 (127 Nilopolis) [homologia]; P.Stras.IV 238.12-14 (177/8, PtolEu) [eleutherysis, anakyrexis]; VI 583.22 (115/6, ArsN) [prasis]; VIII 703.11,12-13 (43/4, UP) [bis]; P.Tebt.II 383.42-45 (46, Teb) [diairesis; injunction on suit]; PSIVIII 909.7-10 (44, Teb) [prasis, injunction on suit]; 915.9-13 (I, Teb) [prasis, injunction on suit]; 918.7 (38/9, Teb) [prasis, injunction on suit]; X 1117.35-36 (138, Teb); XII 1228.25-26, 41-42 (188, OxN?) [ônê]; SB I 4370.35-38 (229, HerakN) [hypotheke; wt. bebaiosis, defension]; 5114.60? (630-640 Apol) [prasis]; 5166.3 (II/III?, UP) [systatike]; VI 8974.51-56 (IeA, Bousiris) [syneud.; syngraphe]; VIII 10205.22-27 (222/3 or 226/7, Ox) [wt. exoneration]; XII 11229.14 (161-168/177-179, Ox) [prok.] XVIII 14071.17 (77, Ox); XX 14997.12-16 (70/41A, Ox?) [syneud.; parachoresis]; XXIV 16320.25 (293-304, Kellis) [syeud., co-vendor]; SPP XX 1.23, 35-36 (83/4, PtolEu) [parachoresis; injunction on suit].
Section III. Background
1. Earlier Transaction
Category: Envelope Link to Synallagma
In 250 documents, the scribe records earlier contracts and affirms their validity. Whereas ‘background’ reports the reason for the composition of the present document (49 attestations), ‘earlier transaction’ (207 documents) reports independent acts. Within the latter group, we set apart seven categories:
[Type1] In 34 documents, the scribe states that earlier contracts remain in force notwithstanding the present act, using the genitive absolute. Here, we distinguish between two key formulations: [Type1a] with εἰμί: BGU XII 2188.6-7 (526 CE, Hermopolis): κυρίων | ὀντῶν (l. οὐσῶν) καὶ βεβαίων τῶν προτέρων μου̣ συνγραφῶν ‘my earlier documents being valid and firm’ (14 texts). In eight cases, the clause refers to a concrete (below: ‘con.’) legal act and, in six others, to any past contract generally (below: ‘gen.’). All cases but one are Byzantine, from the Hermopolite and Oxyrhynchite nomes; [Type1b] with μένω: P.Mich. XI 603.24-26 (134 CE, Arsinoites): μενόντων | 25 [κυ]ρίων ὧν ἔχομεν ἀλλήλ̣ων χειρο|26[γ]ρ̣άφων (14 texts) (‘Let the cheirographa that we have toward each other remain effective’). In 13 cases, the clause refers to a concrete contract and, in only three, to any past contract. The formulation is early-Roman, primarily recorded in documents from Alexandria and the Arsinoite nome (cf. also Häge (1970): 200, 202).
[Type2] The same idea as in [Type1] but differently formulated: the rights of the contractual parties to claims resulting from earlier acts are not affected by the present contract. Here, too, two formulations are used: [Type2a] μὴ ἐλαττουμένου: BGU III 741.40-45 (143 CE, Alexandria?)): μὴ ἐλ[α]ττουμένου τοῦ Οὐαλερ[ίου] | 41 Ἀμμωνιαν[ο]ῦ [π]ερὶ ὧ[ν ἄ]λλ[ω]ν [ὀ]φ[ε]ί[λ]ι αὐτῷ ὁ | 42 αὐτὸ[ς Γ]έλλι[ος] Οὐάλης [κ]αθʼ ἑτέρ[α]ν συνχώρησιν | 43 τῷ [διε]ληλ[υθ]ότι ἔτει μηνὶ Και[σ]α[ρ]είῳ ἄ[λλ]ων | 44 ἀργυ[ρ]ίου δραχμῶν [τετ]ρακοσ[ί]ων [ἑξήκο]ν|45τα καὶ τόκων (‘… and let Valerius suffer no diminution of rights in respect to another four-hundred sixty silver drachms plus interest, which Gellius Valens owes him by virtue of another synchoresis, composed in the foregoing year, in the month of Kaisareios’). In 18 cases, the clause refers to a concrete contract, and in only five, it is general. The wording is early Roman, recorded in documents from the Arsinoite and Oxyrhynchite nomes (cf. also Häge (1970): 201-202).
[Type2b]: μένοντoς λόγου: P.Gen. I 9.1.16-18 (252 CE, Phebichis): μένοντός σο[ι] τοῦ | 17 [λόγου πρὸς] ἐ̣μὲ καὶ τὸν π̣[ατ]έ̣ρα μου περὶ ὧν ἄλ̣λων | 18 [ὀφείλομέ]ν σοι δανείων̣ (‘…you retaining your claim towards me and my father regarding all other loans that we owe you’). The twelve documents are sorted into five recording a concrete document and seven formulated generally. The formulation is best attested in documents from the third century CE.
[Type3] The same idea as in the two former groups, that earlier obligations remain unaffected, is expressed through the ‘apart from’ formulation: BGU IV 1054.15-18 (13 BCE, Alexandria): τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶν τὸ δάνειον ἐκτὸς | 16 ἑτέρων ὧν ὀφείλει ὁ αὐτὸς Ἀμμώνιος σὺν τῇ μη|17τρὶ αὐτοῦ τῷ Ἀπολλωνίῳ καθʼ ἑτέραν συνχώρη[σιν] | 18 δραχμῶν ἑκατόν (‘This loan is made apart from another hundred drachms that said Ammonios owes Apollonios together with his mother by virtue of another synchoresis’), and P.Leid.Inst. 25.10-11 (95/6 CE, Arsinoites): χωρ̣ὶς ἄλλω[ν ὧν] | 11 ὀφ‹ε›ίλω τῷ αὐτῶι καθʼ ἑτέρας ἀσφαλείας (‘Apart from other debts that I owe him by virtue of other deeds of security’). Among the 31 documents in this group, in 14 the clause relates to a specific contract, in 17 to any extant liability. The formulation is best recorded in documents from Augustan Alexandria and the early Roman Arsinoites. (cf. also Häge (1970): 202).
[Type4] In three documents, the past contract is declared void. BGU IV 1156.28-36 (16/5 BCE, Alexandria): ἣ̣ν̣ δ̣ὲ̣ προ̣σ̣αν̣ε̣ν̣ην[όχασιν οἱ μὲν δύο ] | 29 τῶν προγ̣εγραμμένων Νῖλος καὶ Ζωὶς σ̣ὺ̣[ν Σα]ραπίωνι [τῷ] | 30 Σώσου ἑτέραν δανείου συνχώρησιν διὰ τοῦ ‹αὐτοῦ› κριτηρίου | 31 τῷ Ἁθὺρ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ιε (ἔτους) εἰς τὸν Γάιον Φίλιον δρ[α]χμῶν | 32 ἑκατὸν εἴκοσ[ι] εἶναι ἄ[κυ]ρον τ̣ ̣ ̣ δ̣ι̣α̣ [ ̣ ̣ ̣]ο̣ν̣ο̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ | 33 ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣κ̣α̣του καὶ τὸ πρόσω | 34 [μὴ ἐπελεύσεσθ]α̣ι̣ ἐ̣π̣ὶ̣ τ̣ὸ̣ ‹τῶν τοῦ› ἀ̣ρ̣γ̣υ̣ρ̣ί̣ο̣υ̣ (δραχμῶν(?)) ἑ̣κ̣α̣τὸν ε̣ἴ̣κ̣ο̣σ̣ι̣ κεφάλαιο̣(ν) | 35 {traces} | 36 ἑκατὸν ὀγδ[οήκοντα -ca.?- ] (‘The other loan-synchoresis that two of the aforementioned persons, Nilos and Zois, have presented to Gaius Julius Filius, together with Sarapion son of Sosos, through the same kriterion in the month of Hathyr of the same 15th year, in the amount of 120 drachmas, be invalid … and in the future they shall not sue for the principal of the hundred twenty silver drachms, one hundred eighty drachms’).
[Type5] The earlier act serves as a preliminary measure for the composition of the present document. This subcategory is recorded in 11 documents, most introduced by the preposition ἀκολούθως. P.Mil.Vogl. I 26.8-10 (128 CE, Tebtynis): ἀκολούθως καὶ ταῖς εἰς τὸν Διόσκορον γεγονυίαις περὶ παραχωρήσεως αὐτῶν ὁμολογίαις δυσὶ τετελειωμέναις διὰ τοῦ ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι Εὐερ|9[γέ]τιδι τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἀρσινοείτ[ου] νομοῦ [γ]ραφείου, μιᾷ μὲν ὑπὸ Πατῦνις (l. Πατύνιος) ὡς δʼ ἐπ\ί/ τινων Πάτρωνος τοῦ Αὐνείους τοῦ Πατύνιος τῷ τρισκαιδεκάτῳ ἔτει Θεοῦ Τραιανοῦ Παῦνι γ ἡμίσους μέρους τῶν δηλουμένων ἀρουρῶν, τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ ὑπὸ τῶν | 10 [τ]οῦ Πατύνιος ὡς δʼ ἐπὶ [τιν]ῶν Πάτρωνος θυγατέρων Πρωτοῦτος καὶ Πρωταροῦτος τῷ διεληλυθότι ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει Ἁδριανοῦ Καίσαρος τοῦ κυρίου μηνὶ Καισαρείωι τοῦ λοιποῦ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀρουρῶν μέρους ἡμίσους (‘And in accordance with the two contracts drawn up toward Dioskoros with regard to their parachoresis, composed at the grapheion of Ptolemais Euergetis of the same Arsinoite nome, one by Patynis, known by some also as Patron son of Aunes son of Patynis, in the 13th year of the Divine Trajan, on Pauni 3rd, of half a share of the reported arouras, and the other in the 2nd year by the daughters of said Patynis known by some also as Patron, Protous and Protarous, in the foregoing 11th year of our lord Emperor Hadrian, in the month of Kaisareios for the remaining half-share of the same arouras’).
[Type6] In 26 documents, the past instrument focuses on an item that is also the object of the present document. It is common, for example, in cases of novatio. Cf., e.g., P.Dion. 26.6-9 (116 BCE, Hermopolis): τοῦτο | 7 δʼ ἐστὶν τὸ δ̣[άνειον ὃ προσ]ω̣φείληκεν Διονύσιος | 8 Ἑρμίαι ἀπ[ὸ συγγραφῆς δαν]είου οὗ συνῆρται αὐτῶι̣ | 9 ἅμα τῆι συγ̣[γραφῆι ταύτηι ἀ]ναφερομένηι. (‘This is the loan that Dionysios owes in addition to Hermias by virtue of a loan contract that he invalidated on the occasion of the submission of the present document’). The evidence is predominantly Ptolemaic and early Roman (cf. also Häge (1970): 196-197).
[Type7] In 10 texts, the present document concerns a different subject than the earlier document. Thus, in P.Mich. V 262.13-15 (34/5 or 35/6 CE, Arsinoites), where the husband cedes ten arouras of catoicic land to his wife and in return acquires some of the dowry originally assigned to the spouses by their joint father through the marriage document: ὧν ὁ Δίδυμος ἔλαβεν ἐν τοῖς | 14 [προσενη]νεγμένοις αὐτῶι καὶ τῆι Ἡροῖ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀμφοτέρων πατρὸς Λυσιμάχου τοῦ Διδύμου ὃς τετελεύτηκεν | 15 [ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣]η κατὰ συνγραφὴν συνοικεσίου τὴν διὰ τοῦ ἀγορανομίου τελειωθεῖσαν τῶι ι (ἔτει) Τιβερίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ. (‘… which Didymos received in the dowry given to him and to Hero by their joint father, Lysimachos, son of Didymos, who is dead …, in accordance with the contract of cohabitation executed through the office of the notary in the 10th year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus …’).
Bibl.: Rabel (1906): 319-329; Taubenschlag (1931): 84-86; Weber (1932): 178-179; Herrmann (1962): 28; Häge (1970) passim; Rupprecht (1971): 18, 100-103.
BGU I 69.15-17 (120, ArsN) [1b, con.]; 70.24-25 (131, Dionysias) [3, gen.]; 77.7-18? (169-175, Kar) [3, con.]; 272.11-13 (138/9, ArsN) [2b, con.]; II 465.1.1-10, 2.1-11 (137, UP); III 603.33-39 (168, ArsN) [3, gen.]; 741.41-49 (143, Alex?) [2a, con.]; 865.2-3 (II, ArsN) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; 1002.15-16 (55A, Herm); IV 1053.2.13-21 (13A, Alex) [4, con.]; 1054.15-18 (13A, Alex) [3, con.]; 1055.40-46 (before 13A?, Alex) [3, con.]; 1118.22-25 (22A, Alex); 1122.35-38 (13A, Alex) [1b, con.]; 1131.28-29 (13A, Alex) [1b, con.]; 1151.2.44-48 (13A, Alex); 1156.28-36 (16/5A, Alex) [4, con.]; 1162.15-18 (17/6A, Alex) [3, con.]; 1166.15-18 (13A, Alex) [3, con.]; 1170.50-60, ll. 59-60 (11/0A, Alex); VI 1280.1-12 (210A, UP) [6, con.]; VIII 1734.11-14 (80A-30A, Herak) [5, con.]; IX 2048.11-12 (217, HermN) [3, gen.]; XII 2188.6-7 (526, Herm) [1a, gen.]; XIII 2331.18 (91, SokN) [3, gen.?]; CPR I 188.24-26 (106/7, ArsN) [2a, con.]; 224.5-8 (6, SokN) [5, con. homologia. present context: oath]; VII 40.5-7 (492, HermN) [1b, con.]; IX 35.12-14 (613, HermN) [1a, con.]; XV 1.9-11 (198-211, HerakN) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; XVIIb 11.47–53, l. 51 (217/8, Panop) [7, con., ed.: σὺν αἷς ὀφε̣[ί]λω αὐ̣τῶι κρ̣[ιθῆς ἀρτάβαις -ca.?- ];]; 18.15-31, ll. 16-18 (217/8, Panop) (?); 36.4-7 (217/8, Panop)?; XVIII 4.72-77 (231A/206A, Theog) [3, con.]; P.Alex. 7.16-17 (113, Dionysias) [2a, gen.]; P.Alex.Giss. 5.21-22 (215, ArsN) [1b, con.]; P.Amst. I 38.5 (II, UP); 40.16-29 (I, UP) [7, con.: πρὸς ἃ ὀφείλει αὐτῇ ἀφ᾽ ὧν περιέλυσεν αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ πατρικῶν ψιλῶν δανείων]; P.Athen. 18.7 (223/4, ArsN); P.Bad. II 18.1-2 (61/2, Herm)? [con.]; P.Bagnall 33.5-7 (496, Ox) [1a, con.]; P.Bodl. I 45.40-43 (c. 610, Apol) [6, con.: προκτητικὴ ὠνή]; P.Cair.Isid. 88.3-4 (308, Kar?) [3, gen.]; P.Cair.Masp. II 67128.25-28 (547, Aphr) [1a, con.]; P.Col. IV 76.15-18 (247A, Phil) [6, con.]; VIII 222.59-63 (160/1, Ox) [6, con.: arrhabon]; X 273r.23-24 (204, Ox) [2b, gen?]; P.Col.Inv. 185.15-17 (345, Ox) [2b, gen.]; P.Coll.Youtie I 25.25-28 (147, Teb) [3, con.]; II 71.19-23 (281, Panop) [forms of purchase]; P.Corn. 7.12-15 (126, Kar) [6, con.]; P.Dion. 26.6-9 (116A, Herm) [6, con.]; P.Fam.Tebt. 5.17-18 (98, ArsN) [1b, con.]; 11.1.15-19 (108, Teb) [6, con.]; 11.2.12-15 (112, Teb) [1b, gen.]; 16.6-9 (116, ArsN) [6, con.]; P.Fay. 90.20-22 (234, PtolEu) [2b, gen.]; 155.12-13 (136, Bac) [3., con.]; P.Flor. I 46.20-23 (183, Herm) [2b, gen.]; 81.6-9 (103, Herm) [6, con.]; III 370.21-23 (132, HermN) [2b, con.]; P.Freib. II 8.30-31 (144, UP) [2a, con.]; P.Gen. I 9.1.16-19 (252, Phebichis) [2b, gen.]; 9.2.15-18 (252, Phebichis) [2b, gen.]; P.Genov. II 62.28-30 (98, Ox) [2a, con.]; P.Got. 7.11-12 (IIIm, PanopN) (?); P.Grenf. II 90.25-27 (510/525, ApolHept?) [1a, con.] [4, con.]; P.Hamb. III 233.6-7 (531, Aphr) [1a, con.]; IV 279.a.10-11, b.8-14 (III, Herak) [6, con.]; P.Harr. I 138.3.11-29, ll. 25-28 (92, Ox) [6, con.]; P.Ifao I 28.6-9 (II, UP) [2a, gen.]; P.Köln XVI 642.9-11 (256A, HerakN?) [3]; P.Kron. 7.16-18 (106, Teb) [1, con.]; 20.7-10 (146, Teb) [3, con.]; P.Leid.Inst. 25.1-3, 10-11 (95/6, ArsN) [3, gen.]; 86.3-5 (Ie Alex (?); P.Lond. II 216.26-27 (94, SokN) [3, gen.]; 336.24-25 (167, PtolEu) [3, gen.]; III 1164i.17-18 (212, Antin) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; 1168.5-8 (44, Herm) [7, con.]; 1319.4-7 (544, Herm) [1a, con.]; P.Mich. III 191.14-20 [dupl: no. 192.14-10] (60, Ox) [6, con.]; 254.7 (29/30, Teb) [1b, con.]; 262.13-17 (34/5 or 35/6, ArsN) [7, con.: means of payment in sale]; 264.15-16 (37, ArsN) [1b, con.]; 272.9-10 (45/6, ArsN) [2a, con.]; 282.7-8 (I, Teb) [2a, gen.]; 305.18-19 (I, Teb) [1b, con.]; 323.14-17 (47, Teb) [1b]; 331.5-7 (41, ArsN) [1b, con., inf.]; 333.22-27 (52, Teb) [1b, con., ind.]; 339.4-7 (46, Teb) [1b, con., ind.]; 340.17-38 (45/6, Teb) [3, con.]; 341.3-5, 6-11 (47, Teb) [3, con.]; 348.22-24 (26, Teb) [7, con.]; IX 568.11-12, 17-21 (90, PtolEu) [con.]; 572.11-17 (131, Kar) [7, con.]; XI 603.24-26 (134, ArsN) [1b, gen.]; XII 633.30-31 (c. 30, Teb) [3, con.]; XIII 670.6-8 (527, Tanyaithis) [1a, gen.]; XVIII 792.20-24 (221, Ox) [1b, con.]; P.Michael. 44.5-9 (527, Aphr) [1a, gen.]; P.Mil.Vogl. I 23.22-23 (108, Teb); 26.8-10 (128, Teb) [5, con., ἀκολούθως, parachoresis]; II 108.11 (103, Teb) [3, gen.]; P.Münch. III 94.7-9 (98-102, PtolEu) [6, con.]; P.Oslo II 39.21-22 (146, Thead) [3, gen.]; 40b.63-69 (150, Ox) [2a, con.]; P.Oxy. III 501.18-27 (186, Ox) [7, con.: laographia]; 506.51-56 (143, Ox) [2a, con.]; IV 727.26-29 (154, Alex) [1a, gen.]; XXII 2351.25-38 (112, Ox) [7, con.: laographia]; XXXI 2583.24-28 (II, OxN) [5, con.]; XLI 2973.29-32 (103, Ox) [2a, con.]; XLIX 3485.21-23 (38, Ox); 3491.3-4 (157/8, Ox) (?); LVIII 3915.19-20 (30, Ox) [2a, gen.]; LXI 4117.24-25 (240, Ox) [2a, con.?]; LXVIII 4702.8-10 (520, Ox) [1a, gen.]; LXXI 4831.6-7 (429, Ox) [1a, con.]; LXXV 5052.23-32 (86/7, Ox); P.Oxy.Hels. 30.15-18 (77, ArsN) [3, con.]; P.Rein. II 98.13-17 (109, HerakN) [con.]; P.Ross.Georg. II 18 no. 64.271-272 (140, ArsN) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; P.Ryl. II 159.14-17 (31/2, Ox) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; 175.22-23 (168, Thead) [3, gen.]; 177.14 (246, Herm) [1b, gen.]; P.Sarap. 2.4-9 (126, Herm) [3, gen.]; 15.7 (104, MagdMir) [3, gen.]; P.Stras. I 9.5-9 (352, PtolEu) [6, con.: traditio?]; V 509.2 (138-161, ArsN); VII 646.11 (117-138, ArsN) [2a]; 663.5-7 (57/8, Herm) [2b, con.]; P.Tebt. II 382v.2.ctr.2-9 (31A, PtolEu) [2a, con.]; 389.16-18 (141, Teb) [5, con: register of the hypallagma at the bibliotheke enkteseon]; III.1 815 1r.2.35-46 ll. 36-43 [con.]; 815 2v.1.15-22 ll. 17-19 [6, con.: debt of rent transformed into a daneion]; 815 4r.1.38-44 ll. 42-43 (all from 223/2A, Teb) [6, con.]; 818.16-20 (174A, Trikοmia) [6, con.]; P.Tebt.Wall 5.11-12 (94, Teb) [receipt of earlier debt]; 9.21-24 (33, Teb) [2a, con.]; P.Turner 26.15 (195-198, PtolEu) [1b]; P.Ups.Frid. 2.4-6 (59/60, Teb) [6, con.]; 3.1-25 ll. 11-14 (122, Ox) [2a, con.]; 5.1.22-26 (261, Ox) [1a, con.]; P.Vars. 10.1.18-19 (155, Ptolemais Drymu) [2a, con.]; 10.2.36-40 (155, PtolEu) [2a, con.]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 7.25-27 (before 546/7, Aphr); P.Vind.Bosw. 7.10-18 (221, Koites) [6, con.]; P.Yadin 11.28-29 (scr.ext.) (124, En Gedi) [1a, con.]; P.Yale I 60.17-18 (6/5A, Ox) [2a, gen?]; 66.5-8 (Is, Ox) [5, con.: katagraphe]; PSI IV 389.4-5 (243A, Phil) [6, con.]; VI 702.12-14 (III, Ox) [2b, gen.]; VII 802.1-6 (85/6, Herm) [3, con.]; VIII 918.7-8 (38/9, Teb) [2a, con.]; 929.24-26 (111, ArsN) [3, gen.]; IX 1028.18-19 (15, Teb) [3, gen.]; X 1118.8-10 (25/6, Ox) [6, con.]; 1119.9-18 (156, Ox) [6, con.: sale of a share to the partner]; 1131.24-28 (41, PtolEu) [2a, con.]; 1153 (112/3, PtolEu) [6, con.: arrhabon]; XII 1228.20-25 (188, OxN?) [7, con.]; 1249.59-60 (265, Ox) [2b, gen.]; 1250.14-18 (265, Ox) [2a, con.]; XIII 1311.4-6 (scr.int.), 24-27 (scr.ext.) (136A, Berenikis Thesmophorou) [6, con.]; SB I 5113.40-43 (VI, Apol); 5166.4-9 (II/III, UP) [con.]; IV 7358.5-9 (277-282, Kar) [6, con.: novation]; V 7758.9-13 (497, MagdBou) [1a, gen.]; VI 9190.7-20 (131, Talao) [3, con.]; 9219.12-13 (319, Herm) [6, con.]; 9569.11-15 (91, UP) [2a, con.]; X 10752.6 (Iend, UP); XII 10786.19-21 (133, Teb) [2a, con.]; 10787.14-19 (133, Teb) [2a, con.]; 10924.10-14 (114, Thead) [3, con.]; 11410.11-17 (106A, Haueris) ὁμολογοῦσιν ἀλλήλοις – – μένειν κυρίας ἃς τέθει̣[ντ]α̣ι πρὸς αὑτοὺς συνγραφὰς Αἰγυπτ̣ί̣[ας]; XVI 12331.8-9 (II/III, Ox) [7, con.]; 12553.13-14 (II/III, Ox) [con.]; 12986.1-5 (131-113A, PathN) [con.]; XVIII 13154.13-14 (IIA/IA, UP) [3, con.]; XX 15134.4-6 (483, Ox) [con.]; XXIV 15963.7,10 (138-161, Ptolemais Drymu) [5, con., ἀκολούθως]; XXVIII 17049.6-7 (II, Teb) [1b, con.]; SPP IV p. 116–117, ll. 23-27 (109/110, Euh) [7, con.]; V 119r, II ll. 4-5 (before 266, Herm) [6, con.]; XX 3.1-8 (111, ArsN) [6, con.: novation]; 29.38-40 recto (227, Herak) [2b, con.]; XXII 53.8-9 (149, SokN) [3, gen.]; 82.6-9 (II, SokN) [3, gen.]; UPZ II 190.16-20 (98A, Thebes) [6, con.].
2. Background
Category: Envelope Link to Synallagma
A clause that reports the legal background of the transaction, e.g., in Alexandrian synchoreseis, is located in a subordinate clause introduced by ἐπεί, ἐπειδή. In this context, the clause also refers to past contracts executed by the parties in close relation to the present contract. It should be distinguished from the ‘earlier transactions’ clause because the latter has no necessary connection to the present transaction. The clause seems to be especially common in Alexandrian synchoreseis, where the context of the court settlements of a past dispute would render a description of the background quite natural. The connection is especially clear in the case of BGU IV 1101.4-5 (13 BCE, Alexandria): ἐπεὶ συνό̣ν̣τ̣ες ἑ̣α̣[υτ]ο̣ῖς | 5 ἔ̣τ̣[η ̣ ̣ ̣] ἐ̣χ̣ω̣ρ̣ί̣σ̣θ̣η̣μ̣ε̣ν̣ ἀπʼ ἀλλή(λων), τὰ δὲ νῦν εἰς τὸ(ν) αὐτὸ(ν) κα̣τ̣η̣ν̣|τηκ̣έ̣ν̣α̣ι̣ βίο(ν) συνχωροῦμεν ἐπὶ τοῖσδε ὥστʼ ἐπεὶ εἴληφεν κτλ. (‘Because after having been married for … years we have departed from each other, in the present we concede that we have returned to the same manner of living on the following terms that since (the husband) has received, etc. …’), with ἐπεί used to introduce the background and the (adverbial) τὰ δὲ νῦν addressing the present legal act. The clause may be quite detailed, reporting, if the scribe sees fit, the details of the earlier transaction. It is never indispensable in any type of documentary genre and does not seem to have an established formulation. It is employed by authors of different documentary genres to explain their activity; such is especially, though not exclusively, the case with arrangements among family members. Cf. P.Lips. I 28.8-10 (381 CE, Hermopolis) [adoption], where the document partially follows the format typical in decrees: ἐπειδὴ ὁ μειζότερος | 9 [υ]ἱ̣[ὸ]ς ἐμοῦ τῆς προκειμένης Τεεῦτος τελευτῶν Παπνούθιο̣ς̣ τ̣ὸ̣ ὄ̣νο̣μ̣α̣ | 10 κ̣[α]τέλειψε[ν υ]ἱὸν Παῆσιν τὴν προσηγορίαν ὡς (ἐτῶν) ι πλείω ἔλατ[το]ν̣, ἔδοξεν κτλ. Noteworthy are cases in which the reference is not to a specific act, but rather to a pre-existing practice. P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.11-15 (514 CE, Aphrodite): ἔθος ἐστὶ εἰώθαμεν ἐκ πατέρων ἡμῶ[ν κα]ὶ [π]ρ̣[ογό]ν̣ω̣ν̣ [ἐκτελέσαι] παραφυλακὴν | 12 ὅλων κτημάτω̣ν πάσης τῆς α(ὐ)τῆς κώμης Ἀφροδίτης περὶ ἀπελασίαν ζῴων καὶ | 13 ἑτέρων σκευῶν ἐν τοῖς εἰρημένοις κτήμασι· ἀκριβῶς δὲ μαθόντες | 14 ὥστε καὶ ἡμεῖς πάντες τῶν προτεταγμένων ἐκτελέσωμεν τὴν α(ὐ)τὴν παραφυλακήν, | 15 καὶ εἰς ταύτην τὴν ὁμολογίαν τιθέμενοι π̣ειθ̣αρχοῦν̣τ̣ε̣ς̣ (‘There is a practice, we are accustomed following our fathers and forefathers to undertake the guarding of all estates of the same village of Aphrodite in its entirety, assuming charge of driving out cattle and other charges in said estates. Having assiduously learned the instructions so that showing obedience we shall carry out the same guarding (duty) and having concluded the contract for this purpose…’).
BGU I 50.3-7 (115, ArsN); 301.5-17 (157, ArsN) [hypallagma]; III 782;3-8 (182/3, ArsN); 859.6-8 (161-3, ArsN); IV 1101.4-5 (13A, Alex); 1110.5-10 (5A, Alex); 1122.4-10 (13A, Alex); 1149.5-24 (13A, Alex); VIII 1733.6-9 (80-30A, HerakN); XII 2200.6-10 (561, Herm); XVII 2698.1-6 (VII, Herm); CPR V 11.4-6 (IVe, UP); P.Abinn. 62.5-10 (350, Phil);P.Ammon II 27.3-8 (348, Panop);P.Bagnall 47.1-19 (Il/IIe, Ieme); P.Brem. 36.3-10 (117, Herm?); 69.6-7 (98, Herm); P.Cair.Isid. 80.3-7 (296, ArsN); 104.7-16 (297, Kar); 105.4-8 (297, Kar); P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.11-15 (514, Aphr); 67114.a.7-11 (511/2 or 526/7, Aphr); P.Coll.Youtie II 83.3-9 (353, Ox); 92.12-25 (569, Antin); P.Flor. III 279.a.6-11 (III, Herak);; 310.3-9 (425-450, HermN); 313.5-8 (449, Epokion Iliou); 323.3-10 (525, Herm); P.Lips. I 28.8-10 (381, Herm) [adoption]; 29.13-14 (295, Herm); P.Lond. V 1711.14-18 (566-573, AntinN); 1898.5-7 (594/5, Herm); P.Mich. XI 603.6-10 (134, ArsN); P.Münch. I 10.8-10 (586, Sy); P.Oxf. 12.6-11 (153/4, Arsinoites); P.Oxy. III 509.11-19 (IIl, Ox); VII 1041.5-10 (381, Ox); X 1274.5-8 (IIIm, Ox); XII 1475.34-35 (267, Ox); XIV 1638.3-6 (Ox, 282) ; 1721.6-20 (187, Ox); XVI 1983.10-12 (535, Ox); LXIII 4360.4-7 (295-325, Ox); 4394.31-76 (494, Alex); LXXIX 5209.7.14 (267, Ox); P.Oxy.Hels. 44.4-17 (324, Ox) {IL}; P.Par. 20 (600, Pan); =P.Princ. II 33.6-14 (126, UP); P.Sijp. 11a.6-7 (390, Kellis); P.Stras. VI 556.2-5 (289, Herm); VII 666.3-15 (145, Nilopolis) ; 672.3-19 (289, Herm); P.Tebt. II 319.4-10 (248, Teb); 407.14-19 (199, Teb); SB IV 7375.10-14 (225-235, Panop); XX 14585.4-10 (319, UP); XXIV 16072.5-8 (12A, Alex).
3. Bibliotheke enkteseon, existing registration
Category: Envelope
P.Flor. 1.11 (153 CE, Hermopolis) and P.Stras. I 52.12 (151 CE, Hermopolis), recording a loan with a hypotheke, note that the debtor has acted upon an epistalma by the bibliophylakes. P.Stras. I 52.12: καὶ συνε̣[χ]ρηματίσ[θ]η ἡ δεδαν‹ε›ισμένη ἐπιστειλάντων τῶν τῆς ἐγκτή[σε]ως βιβλιοφυ[λ]άκων (‘The borrower has taken part of the contract after the bibliophylakes gave their consent’). See also the formula καταβεβλημένου τοῦ ὑπὲρ ἐπιστάλματος ὡρισμένου in the context of the injunction against lawsuit, and Gerstinger (1957).
Bibl.: Woeß (1924): 187-201; Pringsheim (1950): 238; Wolff (1978 ): 247-253.
4. Sale Taxes
Category: Taxation
The purchase of land property and slaves entails the payment of conveyance tax (enkyklion). References to the past payment of this tax (as opposed to the record of payment of the conveyance tax), or to any other immediate payments to the fisc, are not regularly inserted into the body of the document. In fact, only one group of sale documents regularly deals with them: the Ptolemaic parachoreseis from the Herakleopolite nome, composed at the office of the agoranomos. Cf., e.g., BGU VIII 1731.8-9 (68/7 BCE, Herakleopolis), in which the conveyee is reported to have paid the taxes, by virtue of which possession of the object was transferred to him: ἀνθ̣ʼ [ὧν] π̣ε̣π̣ο̣ί̣η̣τ̣α̣ι̣ [ὁ] Χάρης [τ]ῶι Θερσάνδρωι εὐχ̣[ρηστιῶ]ν̣ εἴς τε τοὺς στεφάνους [καὶ τὰ ἄλλα βασιλικὰ] | 9 [τοῦ κλή]ρου ἀκολούθω̣[ς] ταῖς δ̣[ιὰ τοῦ ἱππι]κ̣ο̣ῦ̣ λογιστηρίου οἰκον[ομί]αι̣ς̣ (‘… In return for the payments that Chares made, making a loan to Thersandros for the payment of the crown tax and the remaining payments to the king on account of the kleros in accordance with the instruments produced by the cavalry record office’). In the Ptolemaic SB XXVIII 16852 (132 BCE, Antaiopolis), as well as in the Roman Oxyrhynchites, Hermopolites, and Upper Egypt, the payment of the conveyance tax is also reported in the context of slave sales composed at the agoranomeion. The wording here, however, is completely different. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. I 95.25-29 (129 CE, Oxyrhynchos): ἀφʼ ἧς ἐτάξατο ὁ Ἰούλιος Γερμανὸς | 26 τὰ εἰς τὸ ἐνκύκλιον τῆς αὐτῆς δούλη[ς] | 27 Διοσκοροῦτος τέλη τῇ τρίτῃ μηνὸ[ς] | 28 Φαμενὼθ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἔτους, ἀκολού|29θως τῷ ἐκδεδομένῳ αὐτῷ συμβόλῳ (‘In consequence of this contract, Julius Germanus paid the tax upon the sale of the said she-slave Dioskorous on the third day of the month of Phamenoth of the same year, in accordance with the receipt issued to him’).
Bibl.: Kunkel (1928): 288-289; Scheuble-Reiter (2012): 189-190; Martin – Straus (1989): 251-254.
BGU VIII 1731.8-9 (68/7A, Herak); 1732.8-9 (80-30A, Herak); 1734.8-9 (80-30A, Herak); 1735.14-15 (98A, Herak); 1739.13-15 (72A, Herak); 1740.10-12 (80A-30A, Herak); XX 2843.8-9 (72A, Herak); P.Col. VIII 222.52-53 (160/1, Upper Egypt); P.Lips. I 4.30 (293, Herm); P.Oxy. I 95.25-29 (129, Ox) [ekmartyresis]; XLIX 3461.3-14 (46A, Ox); SB XXVIII 16852.20-23 (132A, Antai).
5. Anakrisis
Category: Envelope
Eight documents recording slave sales from the third and fourth centuries invoke the past performance of the anakrisis. The verb ἀνακρίνω denotes the official scrutiny of a slave in anticipation of its alienation. It is used in the passive aorist participle as a qualifier of the slave introducing, in the ὑπό with the genitive, the official who undertook the scrutiny: the strategos, the iuridicus or an ex-hypomnematographos (P.Vind.Bosw. I 7). The clause could also report the date of the scrutiny. SB XIV 11277.23-25 (225 CE, Nilopolis): ἀνακριθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ νομοῦ | 24 βασιλ[ικ]οῦ γραμματέως διαδεχομένου τὴν στρατηγί|25αν Αὐ[ρη]λίου Ὠριγένους τῇ προκειμένῃ ἡμέρᾳ (….‘(a she-slave being) scrutinized by the basilikos grammateus of the nome filling in for the strategos, Aurelius Horigenes, in the present day’). Some scribes also use the nomen actionis ἀνάκρισις, signifying the act of scrutiny, as well as the resulting certificate, which is now, on the occasion of the sale, handed over by the vendor to the purchaser. See most extensively: P.Oxy. XXXVI 2777.15-19 (212 CE, Oxyrhynchos): (ἐπρίατο δοῦλον) ἀνακ̣ριθ[έ]ν̣τ̣α̣ ὑπὸ τοῦ τοῦ νομοῦ | 16 στρατηγ[ο]ῦ̣ Διδ[ύ]μο̣υ τῷ ὄντι μηνὶ ἀκολού|17θως οἷς ἐπέδω̣κεν αὐτῷ ὁ ὠνούμενος | 18 τῆς ἀνακρίσεως β̣ιβ̣λειδίοις ὧν τὸ ἐπὶ | 19 ὑπογραφῇ τ[ο]ῦ στρατηγοῦ μοναχὸν ἔ|20σχεν παρʼ ἑαυτῷ ὁ αὐτὸς ὠνούμε|21νος, which also records the official’s hypographe. (‘Has bought a slave that underwent examination by Didymos, the nome’s strategos, in the present month in accordance with the application for examination that the purchaser served him, of which the purchaser has obtained a single copy recording the subscription of the strategos’).
Bibl.: Woeß (1924): 79-85; Bieźunska-Małovist (1977): 54-63; Wolff (1978): 255-259; Messeri Savorelli (1983): 34-35; Straus (2004): 62-71.
CPR VIII 18.1-2 (III, Ox); P.Abinn. 64.6-8 (337-350, Alex/Phil); P.Köln V 232.16-17 (330/338, Terenythis); P.Oxy. IX 1209.19-21 (252, Ox); XXXVI 2777.16-21 (212, Ox); P.Turner 40.13 (215, UP); P.Vind.Bosw. 7.21-22,30-31 (221, Koites); PSI VII 787.12-13 (176/7?, ArsN); SB XIV 11277.23-25 (225, Nilopolis).
Section IV. Future Measures
1. Anticipatory Clause
Category: Envelope
Fifty-one documents contain a clause anticipating a further act, to be undertaken through a public office, relating to the transaction recorded in the document. Among these fifty-one documents, twenty-five are sales (two of slaves, the remaining ones of landed property), twenty are marriage documents, and four are loans with security. The clause appears with some regularity in Ptolemaic double documents from the Oxyrhynchite and Arsinoite nomes, and in synchoreseis from Augustan Alexandria. In the Roman period, it is sporadic and rare. The anticipated act is designated, in Ptolemaic acts of sale [Type P1], δίδωμι ὠνήν with the object of the sale in the genitive. The archive, the agoranomeion, is most often introduced by the preposition ἐπί with the genitive. The document also sets out the timeframe within which, from the date of the purchaser’s request, the vendor is required to perform the act. The purchaser must pay the dues accruing. BGU XIV 2399.28-31 (212/1 BCE, Tholthis): δότω δὲ Νικίας] Τρ[οχ]ᾶ̣ι ὠνὴ[ν] τοῦ ἡμίσους τῆς α̣ὐλ̣[ῆς] | 29 [τοῦ αὑτοῦ μέρους ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀξυ]ρύγ[χ]ω̣ν̣ π̣ό̣[λει ἀγ]οραν̣ο̣μίου ἀφʼ ἧ̣ς̣ [ἂν] | 30 [ἡμέρας Τροχὰς Νικίαι προείπηι ἐ]ν̣ ἡ[μ]έρ[α]ις [δέκα] τασσομένο̣υ̣ Τρ[ο]|31[χᾶ τὰ γεινόμενα τέλη (‘And let Nikias give Trochos the act of purchase of the same half share of a yard at the agoranomeion in the city of Oxyrhynchos within ten days of the day in which Trochos gives Nikias notice, Trochos paying the accruing dues’). While the purpose of the clause is, in the case of marriage documents [Type P2], identical, the formulation is different. The provider of the dowry is required to deposit a document (συγγραφὴ συνοικεσίου), regarding (gen.) the amount of the dowry in the public archive (δημόσιον) within a set interval after having been requested to do so by the surrenderer or the wife. The costs of the deposition are to be reimbursed by all parties in common: θέ]σθω δὲ | 5 Ἡρακλείδης Ἑστιείαι̣ σ̣υ̣γ̣γ̣ρ̣α̣φ̣ὴ̣ν̣ [συνοικ]εσίου | 6 εἰς τὸ δ[η]μ̣όσιον τῶν τε[τρ]ακοσ̣ί̣ω̣ν̣ (δραχμῶν) ἐ̣ν̣ ἡμέραις | 7 δέκα ἀφʼ [ἧς ἂ]ν̣ αὐτῶι προε̣ί̣π̣ηι Ἱστίεια ἢ Θεόδωρος. τὸ | 8 δʼ ἀνήλωμα τῆς εἰς τὸ δη̣μ̣όσιον συγγραφῆς δό|9τωσαν κοινῆι (‘Let Herakleides deposit for Hestieia in the public archive a document of cohabitation to the amount of four hundred drachms within ten days of the day in which Hestieia gives him notice. They will pay in common the expenses of the composition of the public deed’). This scheme is retained mutatis mutandis in the documentation from Augustan Alexandria [Type A1]. BGU IV 1098.41-44 (19-15 BCE, Alexandria): κ̣α̣ὶ̣ ἐ̣ν̣ ἡ̣μ̣έ̣ρ̣[αις] δὲ χρηματιζούσαις | 42 π̣έ̣ν̣τ̣ε̣ ἀ̣φ̣ʼ ἧς ἐ[ὰν ἀλλ]ή̣λ̣οις προείπωσι θ̣ή̣|43σεσθαι καὶ τὴ[ν] δ̣ι̣ʼ ἱεροθυτῶν συγγραφὴ[ν] | 44 ὡς ἂν ἐπὶ το[ῦ κα]ιροῦ κοινῶς κρίνωσι (‘And within five business days of the day in which they gave each other notice let them deposit also the document composed by the hierothytai in whatever time they see jointly fit’).
In the Roman period, the anticipatory clause becomes rare in marriage documents. In the chora, it is recorded in just one document—P.Lund. VI 3.11-13 (139 CE, Unknown Provenance) [Type R3]. It is more common in sales, but still negligible in comparison to the entire body of evidence available: 17 of 1,102 documents. Moreover, its formulation varies considerably with two key recurring formulations and others in which the scribe selects a particular, idiosyncratic phrasing. The two recurring formulations: [Type R1] καταγράφω is a technical term, reserved in the language of the papyri to this specific act. The verb is first attested, in the context of the anticipation clause, in BGU IV 1128.10-14 (14 BCE, Alexandria) and then in five additional texts (see below). The verb is used absolutely, the instrument resulting from the public intervention appears in the dative (δημοσίῳ χρηματισμῷ), the archive itself, which may vary, is introduced by διά + genitive. The most well-preserved version is recorded in P.Ryl. II 164.11-12 (171 CE, Hermopolites): καταγρά[ψω ὁπηνίκα ἐὰ]ν̣ αἱρῇ δημ[οσίῳ χρημα]τισμῷ διὰ τῶν ἐν Ἑρμοῦ | 12 [πόλει ἀρχείων ἵνα κομί]σῃ τὸ τῶν [ἐγκτήσεων ἐ]πίσταλμα κ̣[αθαρὸν ἀπὸ] πάσης κατοχῆς (…. ‘and I will make the conveyance whensoever you please by an official deed through the record-offices in Hermopolis in order that you may receive the authorization of the land-registry office free from all liability’ (transl.: editio princeps, p. 193), where the scribe also records the purpose of the act: a confirmation by the bibliotheke enkteseon of the absence of liens on the object of sale. [Type R2]: The anticipatory clause can also be introduced by the formula: ἀναφέρω πρᾶσιν, with the object of the sale in the genitive (‘purchase of….’), the archive introduced by διά with the genitive, and with an indication of time (ὁπότε ἐὰν ἡμῖν συντάσσῃ). This formulation is attested in five documents, the best-preserved and most extensive text of which is preserved in P.Mich. V 276.8-11: ἔτι δὲ παρεξόμεθα ἑαυτοὺς ἀναφέρον|9τάς ‹σ›οι τῇ Ταμάρωνι πρᾶσιν τοῦ προκειμένου ἑβδόμου μέρους τῆς προκειμένης οἰκείας καὶ αὐλῆς τοῦ προγεγραμμένου Λυσιμάχου διὰ τοῦ | 10 ἐν τῇ μητροπόλει μνημονείου ἑξαμαρτύρου ὁπότε ἐὰν ἡμεῖν συντάσσῃ, ἁπλῶς μηδὲν λανβάνοντος (l. λαμβάνοντος) διὰ τὸ προαπεσχηκ̣έναι ἡμᾶς | 11 παρὰ σοῦ καθὼς πρόκειται τὴν τειμήν (‘We shall also present ourselves, recording for you, Tamaron, the sale of the aforesaid seventh part of the aforesaid house and yard of the aforesaid Lysimachos, through a six-witness document of the record-office in the metropolis, whenever you order it, no one receiving anything at all on account of our having received the price from you previously as aforesaid’). (transl.: editio princeps, pp. 182-183).
Bibl.: Schönbauer (1924) 17-23, 59-63; Préaux (1939): 311; Pringsheim (1950): 321-322, 383-389, 393-395, 402; Wolff (1939): 7-49; Taubenschlag (1951): 367; Kramer (1991): 27-29; Burkhalter (2004): 99-106; Yiftach (1997): 182; (2003), 55-79; (2014) 314-325 and further literature below, on the act of sale clause.
BGU I 50.7-18 (115, ArsN) [r1]; II 446.14-18 (169-176, Nilopolis) [r1]; IV 1050.24-30 (12/1A, Alex) [a1]; 1051.35-37 (30a-14, Alex) [a1]; 1098.41-44 (19A-15A, Alex) [a1]; 1101.19-23 (13A, Alex); 1127.28-38 (18A, Alex) [παραχώρησιν ποιεῖσθαι]; 1128.10-14 (14A, Alex) [r1]; 1167.37-74 ll. 42-51 (13/2A, Alex) [future placement of security]; X 1973.2-3 (221A-205A, OxN) [p1]; XI 2111.15-17 (IIe, ArsN); XIV 2399.1-3 [scr.ext.], 18-21 [scr. int.] (212/1A, Tholt) [p1]; CPR I 156 (IIIA, HerakN); XVIII 6.111-116 (231A/206A, Theog); 8.157-162 (231A/206A, Samaria) [p2]; 12.243-247 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha) [p2]; 13.264-269 (231A/206A, Oxyrhyncha) [p2]; 17.353-358 (231A/206A, Kalliphanous) [p2]; 20.414-419 (231A/206A, Dikaiou Nesos) [p2]; 25.50-53 (232A/206A, Theog) [p2]; 27.82-86 (232A/206A, Theog) [p2]; 28.101-105 (232A/206A, ArsN) [p2]; P.Ant. II 101.b.5-6 (231-235, Herm) [r1]; P.Coll.Youtie II 71.34-35 (281, Panop) [r2]; P.Dura 20.19-20 (121, Paliga) [ananeosis]; 21.9-11 (IIf, Dura Europos) [ananeosis]; 22.12-13 (133/4, Dura Europos) [ananeosis]; P.Euphrates 8.14-19 (251, Beth Phuraia); P.Fouad. I 38.11-15 (I, OxN); P.Freib. III 26.11-12 (178A, Phil) [p2]; 29.8-11 (178A, Phil) [p2]; 30.1-6 (scr.ext.), 36-39 (scr.int.) (179/8A, Phil) [p2]; P.Hib. II 208.12 (265/50A, Hibeh) [r2]; P.Ifao I 13.20-27 (23A, Ox) [p2]; P.Köln XIII 535.6-8 (III, OxN); P.Leid.Inst. 50.9-12 (211/2, OxN) [r1?]; P.Lund. VI 3.14-25 (139, UP) [r3]; P.Meyer 2.4-6 (IIIsA, ArsN?) [deposition with syngraphophylax]; P.Mich. V 276.8-11 (47, ArsN) [r2]; P.Oxy. XIV 1697.30-34 (242, Ox); XXXIV 2723.13-16? (III, Ox) [r1?]; P.Pintaudi 35.19-20 (III, Ox); P.Ryl. II 163.13-16 (140, HermN) [r2]; 164.11-12, 15-16 (171, HermN) [r1]; P.Sel.Warga 6.13-14 (199, UP); P.Tebt. III.1 815.dr.1.1-10 ll. 5-10 (223/2A, Teb) [p2]; P.Yadin. 19.25-27 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza); SB VIII 9873.10 (244, Oasis Magna) [r2]; XIV 11375 (212/1, Tholt); XXII 15612.13-14 (199, UP) [r2?]; XXIV 16072.43-47 (12A, Alex) [a1].
2. Failure to Perform Anticipated Act
Category: Envelope, Penalty
Among the fifty-one texts regulating the further performance of a legal act, twelve discuss the consequences of its non-performance. The nature of the act varies by time and place. In sale contracts from third-century BCE Tholthis, the vendor is supposed to give the purchaser ὠνή ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐν Ὀξυρύγχων πόλει ἀγορανομίου (‘at the agoranomeion in the city of Oxyrhynchos’) within ten days following the latter’s request. If he does not, the vendor will, in most cases, be required to pay back the consideration with hemiolion and will be subject to the purchaser’s praxis: e.g., SB XIV 11375.30-33 (212/1 BCE, Tholthis): ἐὰν δὲ̣ Νι̣κ̣ί̣α̣ς̣ μὴ δῶ̣ι̣ Τ̣ρ̣ο̣χ̣ῶ̣[ι] ὠ̣ν̣[ὴ]ν̣ κ̣α̣τ̣ὰ̣ τ̣ὰ γ̣ε̣γραμμ̣έ̣ν̣α̣, | 31 [ἀποτει]σ̣ά̣τ̣ω̣ Νικί[ας] Τ̣ρ̣[ο]χ̣ῶι τὰς̣ [πεν]τακο[σ]ί̣[ας δρα]χμ̣ὰ̣ς̣ τὴν τι̣[μ]ὴ̣[ν ἡ]μ̣ι̣ό̣λ̣ι̣ο̣ν̣, [καὶ ἡ πρᾶ]|32ξ̣ι̣[ς] ἔ̣σ̣[τω] Τ̣ροχῶι παρὰ Ν̣ι̣κ̣ί̣ο̣υ̣ πράσσον̣τι̣ κ̣ατὰ τὸ διά̣γ̣ρ̣α̣μ̣μ̣α̣ (‘If Nikias does not give Trochos the act of sale as written, let Nikias pay as a compensation the five hundred drachms, the consideration, increased by a half, and let Trochos have the right of execution acting in accordance with the diagramma’). Similarly, but with different phrasing, in the loan contracts P.Dura 20.20-21 (121 CE, Paliga) and P.Dura 22.13-15 (133/4 CE, Dura Europos), the debtor was instructed ‘to renew the contract through the local chrematisterion’ within five days of the date on which he is asked to do so by the creditor. If he does not, the debtor will become subject to an epitimon and a payment of an equal amount to the state. P.Dura 20.20-21: [ἐ]ὰ̣ν̣ [δὲ μ]ὴ̣ ἀ[ν]ανεώσηται, ἐκτείσειν τῶι Φραάτει ἐπίτιμον ἀργυρίου δραχ|21[μὰς τ]ε̣τ̣ρακο̣σ̣ί̣[ας, εἰ]ς δὲ τὸ βασιλικὸν τὰς ἴσα̣[ς], κ̣α̣ὶ̣ τὴν συν[γρ]α̣φ[ὴν] τ̣α̣ύ̣[τ]η̣ν εἶναι καὶ οὕτως κυρίαν (‘If he does not renew the contract, (he has undertaken) to pay to the above Phraates a penalty of four hundred drachmae of silver and the same amount to the crown, and to hold this contract valid nevertheless’) (transl.: editio princeps, p. 116). In the damaged P.Stras. IX 831.21 (162/3 CE, Tebtynis), the sanction is directed at the vendor’s failure to register (ἀπογράψασθαι) the object of sale and focuses perhaps on the act of metepigraphe. In BGU IV 1127 (18 BCE, Alexandria), where the vendor has received the first instalment, he is required to perform the parachoresis διὰ τοῦ τῆς σ̣τ̣ο̣ᾶ̣ς̣ λ̣ο̣γ̣[ιστη]ρίου (‘through the stoa’s finance-office’) (l. 8) upon receiving the entire amount. The document introduces two sanctions: one (ll. 22-28) in the event that the vendor fails to perform that act, in which case he will become subject to the return of the consideration σὺν ἡμιολίᾳ, an amount of five hundred drachms ὡς ἴδιον χρέος (‘as if for a private debt’), and compensation for damage and expenses; another scenario is that the vendor is prepared to perform the parachoresis, but the purchaser is unwilling to pay the remaining debt. The latter is then obliged to pay the debt σὺν ἡμιολίᾳ along with interest for the defaulted payment (ll. 38-43). In the marriage document P.Yadin 18.23-27 (scr.int.), 59-66 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza), the husband takes the obligation to provide his wife εἰς λόγον προικός of an amount of three hundred denarii. His pledge to ‘exchange it’ upon her request, ἐν ἀ̣[ργύρ]ῳ̣ ἠσφαλισμένῳ (ll. 22) (‘in secured silver’), is equivalent to a cash payment of the said amount. The sanction on failed registration is the payment of a duplum and praxis in the event of a failed payment. BGU IV 1167.37-74 ll. 51-60 (13/12 BCE, Alexandria) anticipates, inter alia, the future placement of security for an existing debt (ll. 44-46: ἀναδ̣ώ̣σ̣ε̣ι̣ τῷ Ἡρώδῃ | 45 πρὸς ἀσφάλ(ειαν) τοῦ δανείου ἀσφάλειαν εἰς | 46 τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ Πάει̣ν̣ (‘And he will accord Herodes as security for the loan a deed of security on behalf of his father Paeis’) and the clause introduces penalty for the event that he does not: ἐὰν δὲ τῶν δύο μη(νῶν) διελθόντων μὴ ἀν̣[αδῷ ὁ] | 53 Δράκων τῷ Ἡρώ(δῃ) τὴ(ν) ἀσφάλ(ειαν), ⟦ἐκτ[ίνειν] ⟧ | 54 \εἶναι αὐ(τὸν) παραχ(ρῆμα) ἀγ̣ώ̣γ̣ι̣μ̣ο̣ν̣ καὶ σ(υνέχε)σθαι μέχρι τοῦ ἐκτ[εῖ]σαι/ ⟦αὐ(τὸν) π̣α̣ρ̣α̣χ̣(ρῆμα)⟧ τὸ δά̣ν̣ε̣ι̣ο(ν) μὴ ἀναμείνας | 55 ⟦τα⟧ τ̣ὸ̣ν̣ μεμερισμένον αὐ(τῷ) χρ(όνον) δ̣ι̣α̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣| 56 ἐ̣π̣ι̣δ̣ε̣δ̣ανεῖσθαι, τοῦ δʼ ὑ̣π̣ε̣ρ̣π̣ε̣(σόντος) χρό(νου) | 57 [τοὺς] κ̣α̣τ̣ὰ̣ τ̣ὸ̣ δ̣(ιάγραμμα) τόκ(ους) (διδράχμου), τῆς πράξεως | 58 γειν(ομένης) τῷ Ἡρώ(δῃ) ἔκ τε αὐτοῦ Δράκοντος καὶ ἐ̣κ̣ (τῶν) | 59 ὑπαρχ(όντων) αὐ(τῷ) πάντων καθ(άπερ) ἐ(κ) δίκ(ης), ἔτι δὲ καὶ [ἐκ τῶν] | 60 ἀρουρ(ῶν) τριῶν (‘If, six months having elapsed, Drakon does not accord Herodes the security, let him become immediately liable to seizure and be detained until he pays the debt, without awaiting the prescribed timeframe, on account of having created another lien, and for the overtime, the two drachms interest prescribed by law. Let Herodes have the right of execution against Drakon himself and against all his properties as if following a court suit, and, in addition, from the above-mentioned three arouras’).
BGU IV 1127.38-44 (18A, Alex) [παραχώρησις]; 1167.37-74 ll. 51-60 (13/12A, Alex) [ἀσφάλεια]; X 1973.3-6 (221A-205A, OxN) [ὠνή]; XIV 2398.13-14 (213/2A, Tholt) [ὠνή]; 2399.8-10 (212/1A, Tholt) [ὠνή]; P.Dura 20.20-21 (121, Paliga) [ἀνανεώσεσθαι τ̣ὴν συγγραφήν]; 21.11-12 (II, Dura Europos) [ἀνανεώσεσθαι τὴν συγγραφήν]; 22.13-15 (133/4, Dura Europos) [ἀνανεώσεσθαι τὴν συγγραφήν]; P.Stras. IX 831.21 (162/3, Teb) [ἀπογράψασθαι]; P.Yadin 18.23-27 (scr.int.), 59-66 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza) [ἀλλάσσειν τὴν συγγραφήν]: SB XIV 11375.30-33 (212/11A, Tholthis) [ὠνή]; 11376.15-18 (239A, Tholt) [ὠνή].
3. Apographe (camels and Livestock)
Category: Envelope
Of the 34 documents that record sales of camels, eight stipulate the purchaser’s duty to register the camel(s) in his own file (ἀπογράφεσθαι ἐπ᾽ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ) in the course of the coming survey (ἐν τῇ τῶν καμήλων/θρεμμάτων ἀπογραφῇ). The place of the anticipated registration is occasionally specified (e.g., ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς κώμης Διονυσιάδος). Cf., e.g., SPP XXII 48.32-36 (152 CE, Dionysias): καὶ ἐπάναγκον τὸν Ἁ[ρπ]α|33γάθη‹ν› καὶ Σαταβοῦτ (l. Σαταβοῦν) ταύτη‹ν› ἀπογρά[ψεσθαι] | 34 ἐν τῇ τῶν καμήλων ἀπογραφ[ῇ τοῦ] | 35 ‹ε›ἰσιόντος ἑκκαιδεκάτου ἔτους ἐ[πʼ ὀνόμα]|36τος [α]ὐτῶν ἐπὶ κώμης Σοκνοπ[αί(ου) Νή(σου)] (‘And it is necessary that Harpagathes and Satabous have recorded the camel recorded in the survey of camels of the coming year sixteen in their file in the village of Soknopaiou Nesos’). The practice seems to have been short-lived (144–180 CE) and, with one exception, is attested only in documents from the Themistos meris.
Bibl.: Schnebel (1925): 333; Montevecchi (1939): 43-44; Kruse (2002): 181-212.
BGU I 87.18-19 (144, SokN); 153.25-29 (152, Dionysias); II 468.12-15 (150, Dionysias); P.Amh. II 102.16-17 (180, PtolEu); P.Lond. II 320.15-16 (157/8, SokN); P.Sarap. 12.5-7 (131, Temseu Moron) [livestock]; P.Stras. IV 201.28-31 (162, Dionysias); SB VI 9575.10-12 (II, UP); SPP XXII 48 (152, Dionysias).
4. Apographe, Bibliotheke Enkteseon, Anticipation
Category: Envelope
In 12 Oxyrhynchite and Arsinoite documents that record land given in sale or security, the scribe anticipates the future registration of the alienee’s title in the bibliotheke enkteseon. In one case, CPR I 198.13-15 (138 CE, Arsinoites or Herakleopolites), it is the vendor who is required to register the purchaser’s right: καὶ ὁπότε ἠάν (l. ἐάν) μοι συτασι (l. συντάξῃς) ποιήσομε (l. ποιήσομαι) | 14 ‹ε›ἰ‹ς› σὲ τὴ[ν κατὰ] τ[ό]δε χιρόγ[ρα]φον δημοσίαν πρᾶσιν καὶ διὰ τῆς βιβλιοθήκης μηδ|15ὲν λαμ‹β›ά[νουσ]α (‘… and whenever you so instruct, I will perform on your behalf in accordance with this cheirographon the public act of sale also through the acquisitions archive, taking nothing from you’). Elsewhere, it is the purchaser who is to register his new title. In this case, the Oxyrhynchite clause is introduced by the ‘authorization formulation’ (ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν vel sim.), usually followed by the infinitive of the aorist tense. In the Arsinoites, the future indicative is usually used. Here, the purchaser undertakes to register his acquisition ‘from now on’ (απὸ τοῦ νῦν), ‘whenever he wishes’ (ὁπόταν αἱρῇ), ‘independently’ (διὰ σεαυτοῦ), and through the bibliotheke enkteseon (διὰ τῆς τῶν ἐγκτήσεων βιβλιοθήκης). Depending on the causa, the scribe uses κατοχὴν ποιέομαι or κατασχεῖν (‘detain’) to record a mortgage, παράθεσιν ποιέομαι or παραθέσθαι (here: ‘add a note’) to record a right deriving from a cheirographon, and ἀπογραφὴν ποιέομαι or ἀπογράφεσθαι (‘register as one’s own’) for a title deriving from a public document.
In two documents, BGU VII 1643.16-17 (II CE, Philadelphia) and P.Oxy. XVII 2134.24-26 (170 CE, Oxyrhynchos) the vendor is absolved from having to participate in the anticipated act of registration. P.Oxy. XVII 2134.24-26: ὁπόταν βούλῃ ἐξεῖναί σοι τῆς ὑποθήκης κατοχὴν ποιήσασθαι καὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἀρου|25ρ[ῶ]ν κατοχὴν ποιηεῖσθ[αι] (l. ποιεῖσθ[αι]) διὰ τοῦ τῶν ἐνκτήσεων τοῦ Ἑρμοπολείτου βιβλιοφυλακίου μὴ προσδεηθέντι | 26 παρουσίας [μο]υ μηδὲ συνεπιγραφῆς’ (‘Whenever you please, it is lawful for you to make your claim to the mortgage and to said arourae through the acquisition archive of the Hermopolite nome, without requiring my presence or concurrence’) (transl.: editio princeps, p. 219 slightly altered). P.Mich. VI 428.12 (154 CE, Karanis) is somewhat exemplary: κ]α̣ὶ̣ ὁπότε ἐὰν βούλ(ηται) ὁ Ἰούλιος Νίγερ ἀπογράψεται τὴν προκ(ειμένην) οἰκίαν καὶ αὐλὰς δύο διὰ τῆς τῶν ἐνκτήσεων βιβλιοθήκης ἀπὸ ἀντιγράφου τῆσδε τῆς ὁμολογείας διὰ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος μὴ βεβουλῆσθαι (‘… and whenever Julius Niger may wish, he shall register the aforesaid house and two courtyards with the archive of property records on account of a copy of this agreement, because he does not wish to do so at the present time….’). (transl.: editio princeps, p. 141).
Bibl.: e.g., Woeß (1924): 98-125; Wolff (1978): 226-230.
BGU VII 1643.16-17 (II, Phil) [apographe]; CPR I 24.33-34 (136, PtolEu) [apographe]; 198.13-15 (138, ArsN) [apographe?]; P.Batav. 10.26-29 (136, Bac) [apographe]; P.Bodl. 68.7 (II/IIIe, UP); P.Fouad I 39.5-7 (244-249, Ox) [apographe]; P.Mich. VI 428.12 (154, Kar) [apographe]; P.Oxy. III 506.49-50 (143, Ox) [katoche]; XVII 2134.24-26 (170, Ox) [katoche]; XXXI 2584.20-22 (211, Ox) [parathesis]; XXXIV 2722.38-41 (154, Ox) [katoche]; P.Oxy.Hels. 36.14-19 (167, Ox) [katoche]; P.Princ. III 144.17-20 (219/20 or 239/40, PtolEu) [parathesis]; P.Wisc. I 9.18-22 (183, Ox); PSI X 1117.32-34 ? (138, Teb) [apographe]; SB VIII 9906.27 (?) (193/4, PtolEu); XXII 15326.16 (222-235, Kar); XXIV 16001.25-27 (168, Kar).
5. Metepigraphe
Category: Envelope
The metepigraphe is a special administrative procedure required for the transfer of title to catoecic land. While in late Ptolemaic documentation from the Herakleopolite and Oxyrhynchite nomes the metepigraphe is documented in the clause recording the act of sale itself (cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XLIX 3482.4-5, 73 BCE, Oxyrhynchites), in the Arsinoites it is recorded, in the context of the same clause, in a relative clause introduced through the preposition ὑπέρ followed by the relative pronoun ὧν, whose antecedent is the object of the sale: viz., the landed property. The verb ἐπιτελέω is followed by οἰκονομία, which in this context means ‘procedure’ or the documents certifying that the procedure has been carried out. This procedure includes the μετεπιγραφή, that is, the change of the name of the holder in the κατοικικὸν λογιστήριον (residential register), and the παραχώρησις, which is the act of conveyance itself. Some sale documents record the past performance of the metepigraphe, with an account of the office in charge of its execution and its date. E.g., P.Mich. V 262.8-10 (34/5 or 35/6 CE, Arsinoites): ὑπὲρ ὧν καὶ ἐπιτετελεκέναι | 9 [τὸν αὐτὸν Δί]δυμον τὰς εἰς τὴν Ἡρὼ ἔτι ἀπὸ τοῦ ιθ (ἔτους) Τιβερίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Παχὼν λ διὰ τοῦ κατοικικοῦ λογιστηρίο(υ) | 10 [τῆς μ]ετεπιγραφῆς καὶ παραχωρήσεως οἰκονομίας ὡς καθήκει (‘He, Didymos, has already drawn up the documents for the transfer and cession to Hero through the catoecic record office in the nineteenth year of Tiberius Caesar Augustus, Pachon 30, as was fitting’). (transl.: editio princeps, p. 156). The document may also anticipate the future execution of the same act. Syntactically identical, the clause naturally does not record the date of its performance. P.Mich. V 273.5-6 (46 CE, Tebtynis): ὑπὲρ ὧν καὶ ἐπιτελέσωι τὰς καθηκούσα̣ς̣ ‹οἰκονομίας› τῆς ‹ε›ἰς τὸν Μάξιμον μεταιεπιγραφῆς (l. μετεπιγραφῆς) καὶ παραχωρήσεως διὰ το(ῦ) | 6 κατοικικοῦ τῶν καταλοχισμῶν λογιστηρίου (‘On the account of which I shall draw up the customary documents for the conveyance and cession to Maximus through the office of catoecic records’).
Bibl.: Schönbauer (1924): 84; v. Woeß (1924): 89-98, 153-168; Kunkel (1928): 291-292; Préaux (1939): 472-480; Pringsheim (1950): 323-324; Bingen (1983): 6; Rupprecht (1984): 103-108; Benaissa (2009): 159-160; Reiter-Scheuble (2012): 164-170, 213-215; Yiftach (2015): 137-139; Schubert (2019): 289-294; Ferretti et al. (2020): 206.
BGU III 709.21 (138-161, Kar) [future performance]; 906.17-18 (in hypographe) (34/5, ArsN) [past performance]; XI 2050.15-16 (106, ArsN) [past performance]; P.Bingen 60.9 (46, PtolEu) [past performance]; P.Coll.Youtie I 19.14-15 (44, PtolEu) [past performance]; P.Mich. II 121v.2.9 (42, Teb) [future performance]; V 259.30-31 (hyp.) (33, Teb) [past performance]; 262.8-10 (34/5 or 35/6, ArsN) [past performance]; 267.6-8 (41/2, ArsN) [future performance]; 273.5-6 (46, ArsN) [future performance]; P.Narm.2006 6.6-7 (107/8?, Thead?); P.Oxy. II 273.19-24 (95, Ox) [future performance]; IV 794.25-28? (85/6, Ox) {IL} P.Phil. 11 (141, Berenikis Aigialou) {IL}; P.Stras. IX 831.12-13 (162/3, Teb) [past performance, unique]; PSI VI 320 + P.Mich. XVIII 784.b.1-4 (18, Ox) [past performance].
6. Demosiosis Clause
Category: Envelope
The demosiosis clause is attested in 32 cases, all but one cheirographa, all but one date to the third and fourth centuries, and almost all stem from the Oxyrhynchite and Hermopolite nomes. It is formulated as an eudokesis, in which the vendor authorizes the purchaser to perform the demosiosis, in most cases at the Alexandrian office of the katalogeion, whenever the purchaser chooses to do so and without requiring the vendor’s future approval or participation. In the Hermopolite and Antinoopolite documentation, scribes apply a short text (below: ‘st.’). Following the kyria clause, the alienator affirms: ‘ἐντεῦθεν εὐδοκῶ τῇ ἐσομένῃ δημοσιώσει’ (‘I herewith authorize the future demosiosis’). The Oxyrhynchite formulation is much more detailed, explicitly confirming the alienee’s right to perform demosiosis independently in the future. See, e.g., P.Oxy. IX 1200.33-37 (266 CE, Oxyrhynchos): [τὴ]ν δὲ ἀσφάλειαν ταύτην δισσήν σοι ἐξεδόμην ἐπὶ | 34 ὑπογραφῇ [μο]υ, ἥνπερ ὁπηνίκα ἐὰν αἱρῇ δημοσιώσεις διὰ | 35 τοῦ καταλογείου οὐ προσδεομενος (l. προσδεομένη) ἑτέρας μου εὐδοκήσεως ἢ | 36 μεταλήμψεως διὰ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν εὐδοκεῖν με τῇ ἐσομένῃ δη|37μοσιώσει (‘And I have delivered this bond to you in duplicate with my subscription, and you shall make it public through the bureau whenever you choose without requiring any further consent or concurrence from me because I hereby agree to the future publication’) (transl.: editio princeps, p. 226).
Bibl.: Jörs (1913): 113, 116-117; Wolff (1978): 131, n. 117.
st.: short text: ἐντεῦθεν εὐδοκῶ τῇ ἐσομένῃ δημοσιώσει; ext.: extended text.
CPR XVIIa 17a.11-12 (321?, Herm) [sale; st.]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.15 (341, Herm) [sale; st.]; P.Coll.Youtie II 75.13-14 (III, Herm) [sale; st.]; P.Flor. I 47a.14-15 (217, Herm) [4]; 47b.41 (217, Herm) [antikatallage; st.]; 96.4-5, 11-12 (337, HermN) [sale; st.]; P.FuadUniv. 20.10-11 (II, UP) [sale; ext.]; 21.30-32 (253-260, UP) [sale; ext.]; P.Gen. II 116.48-49 (247, Ox) [sale; ext.]; P.Laur. III 74.24-26 (IIIl, Ox) [sale; ext.]; P.Lips. I 6.2.18 (306, Herm) [sale; st.]; P.Lond. III 978.16 (331, Herm) [diairesis; st.]; P.Oxy. IX 1200.34-37 (266, Ox) [sale; ext.]; 1208.24-25 (291, Ox) [sale; ext.]; X 1273.37-41 (260, OxN) [marriage; ext.]; XII 1475.33-34 (267, Ox) [sale; ext.]; XIV 1636.33-37 (249, Ox) [sale; ext.]; 1638.30-32 (282, Ox) [diairesis; ext.]; 1698.24-26 (269, Ox) [sale; ext.]; 1700.24-26 (IIIl, Ox) [sale; ext.]; 1702.15-17 (290, Ox) [sale; ext.]; 1704.20-22 (298, Ox) [sale, ext.]; XLIX 3498.36-38 (274, Ox) [sale; ext.]; LXXV 5058.34-36 (257/8, Ox) [sale; ext.]; P.Stras. III 144.20 (245, HermN) [sale; st.]; VI 555.20 (289, Herm) [diairesis; st.]; PSI XII 1239.20-21 (430, Antin) [sale, st.]; XV 1550.28 (IIIf, Ox); PSI Congr. XX 16.22-23 (c. 330-340?, Ox?) [sale; ext.]; SB VI 9219.21 (319, Herm) [sale; st.]; X 10728.20-21 (318, Ox) [sale; ext.]; XIV 11598.17-18 (III, UP) [loan, past performance]; XXII 15612.13-14 (199, UP) [sale; ext.]; XXX 17596.2-5 (270, Ox); SPP XX 72.17-18 (271/2, Herm) [sale; st.].
7. Kyrosis/Paradeixis
Category: Envelope
The kyrosis (‘confirmation’) clause is recorded in eleven documents concerning the lease or sale of public property and a lessor/vendor who is regularly a state or city official. The clause anticipates the act of confirmation itself, termed either κύρωσις or παράδειξις, to be followed by the payment of the remuneration (κυρωθεὶς / παραδειχθεὶς διαγράψω ‘having been confirmed I shall pay’). A clause introducing the duty of kyrosis alone is reported in only two documents and is sufficiently preserved in just one, P.Ryl. II 97.11-13 (139 CE, Unknown Provenance). In this document, the performance of the duties by the prospective lessee is predicated upon the kyrosis: ἐφʼ ᾧ κυ|12ρωθησόμεθα ἕως τῆς ἐνάτης τοῦ ἐ̣[νε]σ̣τ̣ῶ̣τος | 13 μηνὸς Ἁδριανοῦ (‘… on the condition that the lease to us is confirmed by the ninth of the present month of Hadrianos’). It is then followed by a clause anticipating the possibility that the kyrosis is not duly performed. See also, ‘Failed Kyrosis’.
Bibl.: Talamanca (1954): 50-56, 186, 200; Schminz (1964): 64-65; Kruse (2015): 159-163.
P.Amh. II 97.14-15 (181, SokN) [sale; kyrosis]; P.Giss. I 50.18-23 (259, Ox) [lease; kyrosis]; P.Harr. II 194.13-16 (183/4 or 215/6, Ox) [lease; kyrosis]; P.Köln III 141.12-14 (57/8, OxN) [sale; paradeixis]; XIV 574.2-5 (II, ArsN) [sale; kyrosis]; P.Oxy. XIV 1633 (275, Ox) [sale?; kyrosis]; P.Petaus 17.24-34, l. 29 (184, PtolEu) [sale; paradeixis]; 18.21-33, ll. 27-28 (185, ArsN) [sale; paradeixis]; P.Ryl. II 97.11-13 (139, UP) [lease; kyrosis]; P.Turner 24.11-13 (148-154, Ox) [sale; kyrosis]; SB I 4512.1.9-18 (186A, Diospolis Magna) [sale; kyrosis].
8. Absence of Kyrosis
Category: Envelope
In eight applications for the lease or purchase of public land, at least six of which originate in the city of Oxyrhynchos, the applicant declares that should his bid not be accepted, he will not be held accountable for it. Cf., e.g., P.Giss. I 50.23-25 (259 CE, Oxyrhynchos): ἐὰν δὲ μὴ κυρω̣[θῶ], | 24 [οὐ] κα̣τ̣α̣σχεθήσομα̣[ι τῇ]|25δ[ε τ]ῇ ὑποσχέσ̣‹ε›ι (‘But if I am not confirmed, I will not be bound by this offer’).
P.Amh. II 97.17-18 (181, SokN); P.Giss. I 50.23-25 (259, Ox); P.Oxy. XVII 2109.52-53 (261, Ox); LXXXI 5287.4-6 (193, Ox); P.Ryl. II 97.13-15 (139, UP); P.Turner 24.13-16 (148-154, Ox) [no liability for other objects]; PSI IX 1070.20-21 (260/1 or 261/2, Ox); SB XII 11234.23-26 (210/1, Ox).
Section V. Validation
1. Kyria
Category: Envelope
The kyria clause is a nominal sentence that declares the document to be valid, reliably recording the terms of the legal act, and thus applicable as evidence in court. As the subject, the scribe may record the type of contract (e.g., μίσθωσις, πρᾶσις), the type of document (γραμμάτιον, συγγραφή, χειρόγραφον, χείρ), or any term that commonly denotes a contract (ὁμολογία, συνάλλαγμα). As an adjectival predicate, κύριος is invariably attested; βέβαιος and ἔννομος sometimes appear as well. The most succinct text states (e.g., SB XVI 13017.25: 24 BCE, Soknopaiou Nesos): ἡ συγγραφὴ κυρία (‘The document is valid’) [Type1]. The succinct formulation (657 documents in all) is recorded in documents from all periods, particularly common in documents recording leases (381 documents) and wills. It is also used within the penalty clauses, to profess the validity of the document, notwithstanding possible challenge. Cf., e.g., the general penalty clause.
[Type2: 186 documents], which is already in use in the earliest legal document from Egypt—P.Eleph. 1 from 310 BCE Elephantine—indicates that the document is admissible (1) wherever it is presented as evidence (below: pantache, pantachou, houanep). (2) From the late second century BCE presentation is allowed even by a third party acting on behalf of the obligee (below: panti). Type2 is especially common in documents recording loans (95 documents), and in documents originating from the Oxyrhynchite nome (94).
[Type3, 347 texts] records the terms of composition of the document: (1) the number of copies (below: halpoun, disson etc.), (2) the validity of the document ‘as if deposited in a public archive’ (below: hosende), (3) that it has been autographed by the obligor (below: hyp.), or, in case of illiteracy, by a third party acting on his behalf, as well as by the attending witnesses (below: hypog.). Cf., e.g., P.Lond. V 1692a.18-19 (555 CE, Aphrodite): ἡ μισθωτικ(ὴ) ὁμολογία κύρία | 19 [ἔσται] κ̣[αὶ β]ε̣[β]α̣ί̣α̣ ἐφʼ ὑπο[γρ]αφ(ῆς) το(ῦ) ὑπὲρ ἐμο(ῦ) ὑπο[γρ]άφοντος καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς συνηθῶν ἐπιμαρτυρ\ούν/τ[ω]ν (‘The lease agreement shall be valid and firm with the subscription of him who subscribes for me, followed in order by those who customarily bear witness’).
Type3 is not attested before the second century CE. In the second century CE Τype3 seems to have been first conceived in the Arsinoite nome, but soon became common in other nomes as well. It, too, is mainly invoked in documents recording loans (133). In 64 documents, the clause exhibits features deriving from both Τype2 and Type3. Cf., e,g. BGU XI 2118.16-18 (223 CE, Oxyrhynchos): κύριον τὸ χειρόγραφον δισσὸν [γραφὲν παντα]ֻ|17χῇ ἐπιφερόμενον καὶ παντὶ [τῷ ὑπὲρ σοῦ ἐπιφέ]ֻ|18ροντι (‘The deed is valid, written in duplicate, wherever it may be produced and by whomever produces it on your behalf’).
In the Ptolemaic period, the kyria clause seems to be especially common in double documents (80:265), as well as in the cheirographon format. On the other hand, it is almost entirely absent from documents composed in the contemporary agoranomeia (14:292). In the Roman period the kyria-clause is especially well documented in the scheme of the cheirographon (268:633), the private protocol (83: 206), and the hypomnema (142:669). The evidence for its use in the context of the hypomnema is, however, relatively late, mostly dating to the fourth and fifth century CE.
Bibl.: e.g., Hässler (1960); Wolff (1956b): 363-367; (1978): 154-164; Müller (1985): 41-44; Mélèze-Modrzejewski (1984): 1180-1184; Freu (2018): 111-114.
aleiph.: καθαρὸν ἀπὸ ἀλίφαδος καὶ ἐπιγραφῆς/ χωρὶς ἀλίφαδος καὶ ἐπιγραφῆς hyp.: ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ hypog.: ἐπὶ ὑπογραφῆς; hosende.: ὡς ἐν δημοσίῳ κατακεχωρισμένον; pantache: πανταχῇ ἐπιφερόμενον; pantechou: πανταχοῦ ἐπιφερόμενον; panti: παντὶ τῷ ὑπὲρ σοῦ ἐπιφέροντι.; houanep: οὗ ἂν ἐπιφέρηται
BGU I 3.24-25 (605, ArsPol) [1: homologia]; 13.16-17 (289, ArsN) [3: homologia: monache; hypog.]; 50.18-20 (115, ArsN) [2,3: cheirographon; pantache, hosende]; 69.12-15 (120, ArsN) [2,3: cheirographon; pantache, panti, hosende]; 71.19-23 (189, Kar) [3: cheirographon: idiographon; hypog.]; 94.20-21 (289, PtolEu) [1?]; 183.9-10 (85, SokN) [ed.: μενούσης δὲ ἐπὶ χώρας τῆς συγγραφῆς ταύτης ἀπερίλυτον εἶναι;]; 251.8 (81, SokN) [ed.: μενούσης δὲ ἐπὶ χώρας τῆς συγγραφῆς ταύτης διὰ τὸ ἀπερίλυτον εἶναι;]; 272.16-18 (138/9, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson; hosende]; 300.12-13 (148, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson, hyp.]; 301.17-19 (157, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson, kathar.]; 303.21 (586, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 308.13-14 (IV-VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 310.23 (663 ?, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 312B.7-8 (657/8, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 349.11-13 (313, ArsN) [GA: 2: misthosis; pantachou]; II 364.17 (553, ArsPol) [1: ἐξ ὑπαρχόντων μου πάντων]; 366.20 (645/660, ArsPol) [1: homologia]; 465.1.15-16, 2.16-18 (137, UP) [3: cheirographon; idiographon; disson, ἐξεδόμην]; 519.20-21 (IV, Phil) [1: misthosis]; 520.9-15 (172, Kar) [2+3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, hosende]; 538.27-28 (100, Nilopolis) [2: syngraphe; pantache]; 578.11-16 ll. 14-15 (189, ArsN) [3: cheirographon, disson, kathar. apo, hosende]; 586.26-28 (324, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 637.9-11 (212, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: monachon, hyp.]; 638.2.17-18 (143, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson]; 666.27-29, 31 (177, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson, hosende]; III 717.22-25 (149, ArsN) [3: cheirographon: disson; hyp.; hosende]; 840.8 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 900.9, 28 (582/3, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 912.34 (33, SokN) [1: syngraphe]; 916.25-30 (69-79, Herakleides Meris) [ed.: ἀλλὰ μέ[νει ἡ μίσ]|θωσις κυρίαν;]; 917.22 (348, PtolEu) [3: prasis; disse, homotypos]; 940.22 (398, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 998.2.13 (101A, Path) [2: homologia; pantache]; 1013.22-23 (41-68, Ars) [1: syngraphe]; IV 1058.47-50 (13A, Alex) [ed.: μένειν δὲ κυρίαν καὶ βεβαίαν | ἣν ἀνενήνοχεν ἡ Φιλωτέρα τῷ Σίλ|ιδι συνχώρησιν;]; 1062.24 (236, Ox) [1: synallagma]; 1092.26 (372, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1093.26-27 (265, Ox) [3: systatikon; idiographon]; VI 1264.30 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1266.38-39 (203/2A, Takona) [1: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1267.21-22 (before 266/5A, or 228/7A, OxN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1274.14-15 (218/7A, Takona) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1275.20 (215/4A, Sephtha) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1277.13-14 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1278.12, 30-31 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1280.23 (210A, UP) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1282.18-19 (IIA/IA, ArsN ?) [2: misthosis]; VII 1645.21 (245, Phil) [1] ?; 1649.21-25 (264, Phil) [3: cheirographon, hosende.]; VIII 1734.23-24 (80A-30A, Herak) [1: syngraphe]; 1737.17 (78/7A, Herak) [1?]; X 1944.19 (214/3A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1946.13-14 (213/2A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1949.9 (221A/205A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1950.9-10 (221A-205A, OxN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1956.2-3 (200/199A, OxN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 1964.14 (221A-214A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe]; X 1966.5-6 (246a-221A, OxN?) [2: syngraphe]; 1969.9, 21-22 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe]; 1973.6-7 (221/205A, OxN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; XI 2116.10-11 (25/26?, ArsN?) [2: syngraphe, πανταχοῦ?]; 2117.10-13 (II, ArsN?) [3: cheirographon; halpoun; hosende; aleiph.]; 2118.18-19 (223, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, panti]; XII 2139.16 (432, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2140.15-16 (432, Herm) [1: gramma]; 2147.16-17 (464, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2149.23-24 (470, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2150.14 (472, Herm) [1?: misthosis]; 2151.19 (476, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2152.14 (512 ?, Herm) [1: misthosis] 2153.19-20 (493 ?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2155.13-14 (481 ?, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; 2157.18 (485, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2158.6 (485 ?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2159.15 (485, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2172.21-22 (498 ?, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; 2175.10 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2180.23 (504, Herm) [1: gramma]; 2181.18-19 (509, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2182.14 (510, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2185.16-17 (512?, Herm) [1: gramma]; 2186.13 (514 ?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2197.20-21 (537, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2198.25-26 (545 or 560, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2202.21 (c. 565, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2206.29 (591-602, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2208.29-30 (8/10/614, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2209.26-27 (614, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2210.26 (617, Herm) [1: grammation]; XIII 2340.23 (IIIe, Ox) [1: misthosis]; XIV 2383.15 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2384.18-19 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2390.38 (160/9A, HerakN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2393.17-18 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2395.35, 83 (221A, Takona) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2396.11-12 (213/2A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2398.15, 42-43 (213/2A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2399.6, 34-35 (212/1A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; XV 2479.8-10 (103-117, ArsN) [3: cheir; hosende.]; XVII 2675.19 (481, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 2676.20 (500?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2682.28 (481, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2684.19-20 (555, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2685.32 (585, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2687.1-2 (VIb, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2689.16 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2693.4-5 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2694.33-34 (608, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2695.25-26 (608, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2696.35-36 (616, Herm) [1: misthapoche]; XIX 2804.10 (488 ?, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 2806.1 (Vs, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2808.24 (528, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2812.10-11 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2813.5 (V/VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2814.16-17 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2816.16 (Vs, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2817.16-17 (500, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2820.16-17 (Vs, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; 2822.28-29 (527/6?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2823.21 (568/9?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2824.4-5 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 2828.11-12 (VIIb, Herm) [1: misthapoche]; 2836.12-13 (Ve, Herm) [1: grammation]; 2837.23 (582, Herm) [1: grammation]; CPR I 28.7-8 (110, PtolEu) [ed. [ -ca.?- ] ἐπὶ χώρας ἀπερίλυτος;]; 40.31-32 (300, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 44.7 (IV, HerakN or ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 88v.5 (IIIe, ArsN) [1: apoche]; 133.5-6 (IIIf, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 136.4 (IIIf, ArsN) [1]; 138.6 (IIIf, Herak) [1: homologia]; 140.3 (c. after 221, ArsN) [1: ônê]; 141.12 (IIIf, Herak) [1: homologia]; 143.8 (IIIf, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 144.7 (IIIf, ArsN) [1: prasis]; 148.4 (IIIf, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 154.4 (179, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 155.2 (200, HerakN) [1: homologia]; 156.10 (IIIf, ArsN) [1: synchoresis]; 177.9 (II, ArsN) [3: disson]; 198.20-21 (138, ArsN) [3: katharon apo]; 199.4 (ΙΙΙ, ArsN) [1: diairesis]; 247.18-19 (335, Herak) [1: diairesis]; V 8.28 (320, HermN) [1: misthosis]; VI 72.17 (I, HermN) [1: diatheke]; 73.34 (222-235, HerakN) [1: homologia]; VII 14.17-18 (305, Herm) [2/3: prasis, pantachou, hosende]; 36.12-13 (331, Herm) [1: prasis]; 39.8 (405/6, Ox) [3: grammateion; halpoun]; 40.22 (492, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 44.28 (V/VI, UP) [1: diairesis]; 45.12-13 (507, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 48.10 (V, HerakN) [3: grammateion, haploun]; 62.34 (575, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 69.13 (VI/VII, Herak); VIII 46.13 (IV, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 47.11-12 (IV/V, ArsN) [3: cheirographon; haploun]; 62.34 (575, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 69.13 (VI/VII, Herakleopolis) [1: kyria]; IX 2.2 (V/VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 7.8 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 8.9 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 10.2 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 24.1-2 (VIm, HermN) [1: grammateion tes misthapoches]; 25.13 (Vm, HermN) [1: gramma]; 26.26-27 (545/6, HermN) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; 30.12 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 33.23 (566, HermN) [1: misthosis]; X 26.9-10 (before 532, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; X 27.10 (533, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 107a.23-24 (396, Ther) [1: synallage]; XIV 2.18 (VIl/VIIe, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 12.21 (450, Herak) [1: misthosis]; XVIIa 5a.10 (316, Herm) [1: hypallage]; 19.19-20 (321, Herm) [1: symphonon]; XIX 10.21 (522, HermN) [1?, gramma]; 31.14 (Vs, HermN) [1, gramma]; 39.16 (542/557, ArsN) [1?: grammateion]; XXIV 26.15-16 (602/3, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; O.Berenike II 125.12-14 (61, Berenike) [2+3, homologia tes praseos, pantach., hosende]; O.Bodl. II 1978.8-9 (25/6, Thebes) [2: cheir, pantachou, panti]; O.Brux. 13.12-13 (136/7 or 157/8 or 180/1, Upper Egypt) [ed.: καὶ ἐγράφη δισσὸν | [αὐτ]οτύπως, ὡς ἐκελεύσθη;]; O.Claud. III 432.9-11 (137, Mons Claudianus) [2: cheirographon, panti]; 623.3-6 (138-161?, Mons Claudianus) [2,3: cheirographon, panti, hosende.]; P.Abinn. 60.22-23 (346, Dionysias) [1: prasis]; 62.16 (350, Phil) [1: homologia]; P.Alex. 34.5-6 (IV/V, UP) [3: grapton tes opheiles, hypogr.]; 38.2 (VI/VII, Apollonopolis Heptakomias ?) [1: grapton tes opheiles]; P.Amh. II 43.14-15 (173A, SokN); 106.3 (281, Herm) [1: apoche]; 149.18 (VI, Ox) [3: grammation tes prochreias, haploun]; 150.31-32 (592, Ox) [3: grammateion; haploun]; P.Amst. I 41.84-126 l. 102 (8A, PtolEu) [1: graphe]; P.Ant. I 42.28 (557 Lenaiou) [1: grammateion]; II 89.19 (IVe, Antin) [1: misthosis]; 101.b.4 (231-235, Herm) [3: prasis, dissa]; P.Athen. 14.34-35 (22, Phil) [2: syngraphe]; P.Athen.Xyla 6.15-16 (VI, HermN) [1: gramma]; 8+13.b.11-12 (535, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 12.4-5 (VI, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 17.7-8 (548/9, HermN?) [1: grammateion]; P.Bad. IV 55.28 (VI/VII, Hipponon/Sephtha/Sento) [3: prasis, disse]; 91.2.30 (471, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Bas. II 53.21 (VIm, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Benaki 2.23 (IVs, Kaine) [1: misthosis]; P.Berl.Brash. 14.10-11 (304, OxN) [2: cheirographon, pantache, panti]; P.Berl.Cohen 19.14-15 (VI, Terythis) [1: misthosis]; P.Berl.Frisk 5.12 (510, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 20.34 (149, OxN) [1: misthosis]; P.Berl.Möller 3.23-24 (540, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 4.27 (3, Phil) [1: syngraphe]; P.Berl.Zill. 5.21 (417, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 7.28 (574, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; P.Bingen 132.21 (541, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; P.Bodl. I 31.9-12 (169-176 SokN) [2,3: pantachou, hosende]; 36.21-22 (543/558, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 44.8-10 (310, UP) [3: asphaleia cheirographos; hypog.: hosende]; 169.17-18 (308?, Oasis Magna) [3: homologia, hypog., hosende]; P.Bon. 25.24-25 (185, Phys) [1: daneion hexamartyron]; P.Brem. 68.10 (99, Herm?) [1: syngraphe tou daneiou]; P.Brook. 9.14-15 (IV, Ibion Eikosipentarouron) [3: grammation; haploun]; 10.11-12 (VI Thebes) [1: grammation]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.14-15 (341, Herm) [3: prasis, hosende]; P.Cair.Isid. 83.13 (IIIs, UP) [1: prasis]; 86.9 (309, Kar) [1: prasis]; 100.18-19 (297, Kar) [1: misthosis]; 103.18 (313, Kar) [1: misthosis]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67032.103 (551, Constantinople) [2: homologia, pantachou]; 67097r.70-72 (571/2 ?, Aphr) [1: engraphos prasis]: 67098.31 ? (540-565, Aphr?) [1; engraphos prasis]: 67100.21 (506, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67104.17-18 (530, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67105.24-25 (532, Aphr) [3: misthosis, disse, homotypos]; 67106.21 (539, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67107.18-19 (525/540, Aphr) [1: antimisthosis]; 67109.40-41 (565, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67110.44 (565, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67112.21-22 (544/5, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; II 67240.7 (VI UP) [1: bebaiosis]; III 67300.18 (527, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67301.33 (530, Aphr) [1: bebaiosis]; 67302.17 (555, Antin) [1: bebaiosis]; 67303.21 (553, Aphr) [1: misthotike homologia]; 67324.14-15 (VI, Aphr) [3: diatheke, disse, homotypos, hypog.]; P.Cair.Preis. 38.11-12 (IV, UP) [1: homologia]; P.Cair.Zen. I 59001.19-20, 46-47 (274/3A, Pitos) [2: syngraphe, houanep., with representative]; III 59340.18 (247A, Phil) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; P.Charite 4.10 (c. 320-350, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 7.21 (347, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Col. III 54.25 (250A, ArsN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; VII 178a.17 (336, Kar) [1]; 180.11-13 (315/6 CE or 330/1, Kar) [2: misthosis, pantachou]; 188.25 (320, Kar) [2+3: boulema, haploun, pantache, hosende]; X 254.14 (129, Ox ?) [1: prasis]; 273r.26 (204, Ox); 277.2-5 (225, Ox ?) [2,3: grammata, dissa, pantache, panti]; 280.21 (269/70 or 276/7, Ox ?) [1: misthosis]; 284.21 (311, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 287.16-18, 34-36 (326, Ox) [2,3: cheirographon, disson, pantachou, panti]; P.Col.Inv. 185.19-20 (345, Ox) [3: cheirographon, haploun]; P.Coles 27.16 (IVb UP) [3: antikatallage; trisse]; 29.11 (V/VI, Ox ?) [3: grammation; haploun]; P.Coll.Youtie II 68.35 (266, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 71.33-34 (281, Panop) [3: gramma tes praseos; hosende]; 80.24 (315, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 89.21-22 (485, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 90.23 (513, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 93.14-15 (VI Herak) [1: grammation]; P.Corn. 13.22 (311, Ox) [1: prasis]; P.Corn. Inv. I 132-133.3 (Vl/VIe, Ox?) [1: homologia]; P.Daris 29.18 (IVm, OxN) [3: homologia; haple]; P.David 4.15-17 (167A/114A, UP) [2: cheir];10.15-16 [3: grammation]; P.Diog. 10.15-16 (522/3, Ox) [3: grammation]; 11 and 12 ll. 27 (21, PtolEu) [1: mesiteia]; 25.15-17 (132, Phil ?) [3: cheirographon; hosende]; 27.14-17 (213, Phil) [1?: syngraphe]; P.Dion. 13.29 (112A, Akoris) [1: syngraphe]; 14.30 (110A, Akoris) [1: syngraphe]; 15.27 (109A, Akoris) [1: syngraphe]; 16.35 (109A, Akoris) [2: syngraphe]; 17.31-32 (108A, Akoris) [2: syngraphe]; 18.24-25 (107A, Akoris) [2: syngraphe, pantache]; 19.25 (105A, Akoris) [2: syngraphe, pantache]; 21.25 (113A, Akoris) [1: syngraphe]; 22.24 (111A, Akoris) [1: syngraphe]; 23.30-31 (108A, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 24.30 (106A, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 25.35-36 (104A, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 26.22-23 (116A, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 27.26 (113/2A, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 32.18-20 (107A, HermN) [2: cheir, panti, pantache]; 33.18-20 (IIA, HermN) [2: cheir, panti, pantache]; 34.14-15 (116A, HermN) [2: cheir, panti, pantache]; P.Dubl. 32.13 (512, ArsPol) [3: prasis; haple]; P.Dura 22.14-15 (133/4, Dura Europos) [1: syngraphe (infinitive)]; 25.33-34 (180, Dura Europos) [1: kyria (infinitive)]; 26.27 (227 Sachare) [3: asphaleion, hypog.] ; P.Eirene II 6.6 (VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 7.18-19 (615, HermN) [1: grammation]; 25.16-17 (VIIm, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Eleph. 1.13-16 (310A, Eleph) [2: syngraphe (extensive)]; 2.15-16 (284A, Eleph) [2: syngraphe (extensive)]; 3.5-7 (282A, Eleph) [2: syngraphe]; 4.6-8 (282A, Eleph) [2: syngraphe (extensive)]; P.Erl. 72.7 (IV, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 74.11-12 (VI, UP) [1?: Synallagma]; P.Fam.Tebt. 11.1.19-20 (108, Teb) [2,3: cheir, pantache, hosende]; 11.2.15-16 (112, Teb) [1: cheir]; 16.19-20 (116, ArsN) [1: cheir]; 23.19 (123, Teb) [1: parachoresis]; 27.20-21 (132, Teb) [1: diomologoumena]; P.Flor. I 1.11 (153, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; 13.20 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 17.18 (341, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 37.8 (IV-VII, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 39.13 (396, Ox) [3: homologia; disse]; 47a.16-17 (217, Herm) [3: antikatallage, tetrasse]; 47b.16-17 (217, Herm) [3: antikatallage, trisse]; 62.5-8 (204, UP) [3: cheirographon; hosende]; 65.20-21 (570/1, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; 70.13 (VII, Herm) [1: grammation]; III 279.18-19 (514, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 281.17-18 (517, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 282.30 (520, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 286.27 (552, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 299.6-7 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 313.15 (449, Epokion Iliou) [1: homologia]; 315.14 (435, Sesiy) [1: misthosis]; 323.19-20 (525, Herm) [1: gramma parakletikes homologias]; 324v.2.17-18 (I/II, Herm) [1: apeleutherosis]; P.FuadUniv. 23. (283, Herm) [3: homologia; disse, homotypos] [3]; P.Fouad I 35.14 (48, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 39.11-12 (244-249, Ox) [1: cheir]; P.Frankf. 1.49-50 (213A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 2.34-35 (215/4A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; P.Freer 6.7 (VIl/VIIe, UP) [1?: homologia]; P.Freib. III 12b.16-17 (172a-162A, UP) [2: syngraphe, pantachou, houanep.]; P.FuadUniv. 20.9-10? (III, UP) [3: homologia, disse]; 21.29-30 (253-260, UP) [3]; P.Gascou 40.25 (556, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 67.9-11 (368, Kellis) [3: antimisthosis: haple, hypogr.]; P.Gen. I 9.1.14-16 (252, Phebichis) [2,3: cheirographon; disson; pantache, hosende]; 9.2.14-16 (252 Phebichis) [2,3: cheirographon; disson; pantache, hosende]; 10.18-19 (316, Phebichis) [2: misthosis; disse; hypog.]; 35.12-14 (161, ArsN ?) [2,3: cheirographon; disson, pantache]; 67.13 (382/3, Phil) [1: misthapoche]; 69.11-12 (386, Phil) [1: misthapoche]; 70.15-16 (372/3, Phil) [1: misthapoche]; 106.16-18 (153/4, UP) [ed.: τὸ δὲ χιρ[όγρ]α|15[φον κύριον ἕως ἀ]ποδῶ [ἃ] παρέλαβον πάντ[α];]; 116.48 (247, Ox) [3: prasis; parachoresis; trisse]; IV 190.20 (522/3, HermN) [1: gramma]; P.Genov. I 20.15-17 (319, Oasis Magna) [3: apoche; hypog., hosende]; 21.19-22 (320 Oasis Magna) [3: apoche; haple; hypog., hosende]; II 62.31 (98, Ox) [2: cheir; pantache, panti]; P.Giss. I 39.6-9 (205A-180A, Thebes) [2: pantache]; 49.33 (IIIm, Ox) [1: misthosis]; P.Grenf. I 10.19 (174A, Diospolis Magna) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 54.20 (378, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 58.16-17 (c. 561, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 60.50-51 (582?, Apol) [2,3: prasis, pantachou, hyp. (infinitive)]; II 72.10 (308 Kysis) [1: gramma]; 74.18-19 (302 Kysis) [3: prasis; haple]; 75.12-16 (308 Oasis Magna) [3: asphalia cheirographon; hypog., hosende.]; 87.35-36 (602, Herm) [1: grammation]; P.Gron. 9.17 (392 UP) [1: misthapoche]; 10.20-22 (VI?, UP) [2: charis, pantachou]; P.Hamb. I 2.23-24 (59, Babylon, Heliopolites) [1: paratheke]; 20.16 (258, Phil or Tanis) [1: misthosis]; 21.2.12-13 (315, Ox) [3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; 23.37-38 (569, Antin) [3: misthosis; hypog., hyp.]; 24.19 (223A, ArsN) [1: syngraphe]; 32.14-16 (120, Kerkeuris) [3: hosende]; 68.44-5 (549/50 or 564/5, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 97.14 (104/5, Phil) [1: prasis]; 102.19-21 (138-161, ArsN) [3: idiographon, hosende]; IV 265.8 (VIs, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; P.Harr. I 80.8 (249, OxN) [1: epidoche]; 81.6-7 (VI UP) [3: misthosis; haple]; 82.31-32 (345, Ox) [1: misthapoche]; 86.11 (444, OxN) [1: idiographon]; II 145.3-4 (363/4, OxN) [3: grammata: hapla]; 146.6-7 (184, UP) [2,3: cheirographon, πάντῃ ἐπιφερέσθω, hosende]; P.Haun. III 55.16 (325, Dinnis) [1: misthosis]; 56.18-19 (IV/V, UP) [3: homologia; disse]; P.Heid. III 239.2.13-14 (163, PtolEu) [3: cheirographon; disson]; 330.4-5 (VI/VII, Ox) [3: hypothekimaion grammation; haploun]; 345.13-14 (VIe, OxN) [3: synallagma, haploun]; 350.41 (612, ArsPol) [1: homologia]; 351.25 (534/5, Aphr) [3: misthosis; disse]; 352.20 (558, HermN) [3: misthosis]; 355.15-16 (V/VI, HermN) [1: grammation]; 356.5-6 (V/VI, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 357.21-22 (507, HermN) [1: gramma]; X 448.17-19 (125/6, Ankyron) [3; cheirographon: hosende]; P.Herm. 22.19 (394, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 25.20 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [1: asphaleia]; 27.7-9 (V, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 32.32-34 (VI UP) [ed.: κυρίαν οὖσαν καὶ βεβαίαν πρὸς τὴν δ̣ύ̣ναμι[ν -ca.?- ];]; 34.31-32 (VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 57.10 (IV, UP) [1: misthosis]; 59.6-7 (after 430 ?, AntaiN) [1: misthosis]; P.Hib. I 84a.11-12, 27-28 (285/4A, HerakN ?) [2: syngraphe, houanep., or representative]; 90.20 (222A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 91.13-14 (244/3A, OxN) [2: syngraphe]; II 277.8-11 (138-160 HerakN) [3: cheirographon; disson; hosende]; P.Horak 8.14 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 10.25 (555, HermN) [1: misthosis]; P.Iand. III 44.7 (VI/VII UP) [3: grammateion; haploun]; 48.23 (582, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 48a.2-3 (c. 582, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; IV 60.12-16 (III/IV UP) [3: grammateion, haploun]; P.Ifao I 12.5-9 (197, Ox) [2,3: grammateion; disson, hyp., panti, hosende.]; 14.16-18 (140, Ox) [2: idiographos cheir; pantache, panti]; P.Jena II 3.4-5 (337, UP) [2: cheirographon, pantachou]; 17.24 (515 ?, Herm) [1: grammateion]; P.Kell. I 4.13-15 (331, Kellis) [3: parachoresis; hypog.: hosende]; 8.10-11 (362 Kellis) [2+3: prasis; hypog., hyp., pantachou]; 13.10-11 (335, Kellis) [3: homologia diaireseos, pentasse, hypog., hosende]; 30.21 (363, Kellis) [3: katallage, homotypos]; 31.19-23 (306, Kellis) [3: homologia misthoseos; disse, hypog., hosende]; 32.14-15 (364, Kellis) [1: misthosis]; 33.17-21 (369, Kellis) [3: misthosis; haple; hypog.]; 34.15-17 (605, ArsPol) [3: prasis; hypog., hosende]; 37.b.12-14 (320, Kellis) [3: prasis, disse, hypog., hyp., hosende.]; 38a.16-18 (333, Kellis) [3: charis, haple, hypog., hosende]; 40.17-19 (306/7, Kellis) [3: prasis; hypog., hosende]; 45.17-23 (386, Kellis) [3: asphaleia; haple, hypog., hyp., hosende]; 47.18-19 (IV?, Kellis) [3: apoche; haple; hypog., hyp.]; 48.13-15 (355, Kellis) [2: apeleutherosis, pantachou]; 49.10-12 (304, Kellis) [3: apoche, haple, hosende]; P.Köln II 100.17 (133, Pim[ ]) [1: diatheke]; 102.12-13 (418, OxN) [3: grammation, disson]; 104.b.24 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthotike homologia]; III 150.18-19 (226/242, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 151.28-29 (423, KynopN) [3: haploun]; 155.11 (VI, UP) [1: prasis]; 156.14-15 (582-602, Antin ?) [1: grammation]; 157.35 (589, ApolHept); 158.27 (599, Herak) [1: grammation]; V 232.17-18 (330/338, Terenythis) [1: τὰ ἐγγεγραμμένα]; VIII 350.48 (143A, Krok) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; XII 487.9 (117-138, Ox) [1?: diatheke]; XIII 535.6 (III, OxN) [3: prasis; disse]; XIV 583.20 (Vf, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; 585.6 (461/2, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; 587.5 (Vf, Ox) [1?: prasis]; 589.3 (VI, Anton) [1: misthosis]; XV 630.16-18 (Vs?, Antin); XVI 652.23-24 (183/185, Ox) [1: paraphronesis]; P.Kramer 15.16-17 (629?, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Laur. I 6.11 (98-103, UP) [1: naulosis]; 7.11 (VI, HermN) [1: naulosis]; II 29.9 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; III 74.23 (IIIl, Ox) [3: prasis, disse]; 75.28-29 (574, Ox) [3: grammateion; haploun]; IV 165.15 (305, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 176.16-17 (316, OxN?) [2: disson; pantache, panti]; P.Leid.Inst. 50.8-9 (211/2, OxN) [3: prasis]; 66.11-12 (427, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; P.Lips. I 10.1.5-2.11, ll. 2.2-3 (178, Herm) [3: hypallage, hosende]; 11.8 (247, Herm?) [3: cheirographon, hosende]; 13.20-21 (364, Herm) [1: gramma]; 17.25-26 (377, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 18.22 (308, Herm) [1: misthomologia]; 19.27 (320, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 20.19 (381, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 22.26 (388, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 23.27 (374, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 24.9-10 (IV, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 26.12 (IVb, Herm ?) [1: ὁμολογία ἤτοι διαίρεσις;]; 28.22-23 (381, Herm) [3: huiothesia, disse]; 29.16-17 (295, Herm) [3: boulema hellenikon, disson, hosende]; II 128.24 (19A, Talithis) [1: syngraphe]; 143.12-16 (169-176 or 180-192, Ox) [2: syngraphe, hyp., pantache, panti]; P.Lond. I 113.4.24 (595, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 113.6a.24 (612/627, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 113.6b.37-38 (633, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; II 483.88-89 (615/6, ApolHept) [2: emphyteutike homologia, pantache (infinitive)]; III 870.16-17 (IV, Panop) [3: gramma tes hypothekes; halpoun; hyp., hosende]; 948r.13 (236, Thead) [1: nauoltike]; 975.17-18 (314, UP) [1: gramma]; 976.9-10 (315, UP) [3: gramma; disson]; 978.16-17 (331, Herm) [3: diairesis, tetrasse, hosende]; 979.20-21 (346, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1012.45-47 (633, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1015.11-14 (VI, Herm)?; 1017.7-8 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1023.29-30 (V, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1030.4 (c. 527, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1050.9 (VIl/V, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthapoches]; 1166.19 (43, Herm) [1: homologia]; 1168.14 (44, Herm) [1: misthosis]; V 1660.36-40 (c. 553, AntaiN) [3: homologia, haple]; 1689.21 (527, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 1691.19-20 (532, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 1692a.18-19 (555, Aphr) [3: misthotike homologia, hypog., hyp.]; 1692b.17-18 (556, Aphr) [3: misthotike homologia, hypog., hyp.]; 1693.15-16 (523/4, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 1694.24 (516/7 or 531/2, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 1695.20 (530/1?, Aphr) [3: misthosis, disse, homotypos]; 1696.b.15-16 (VIe, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 1698.9-10 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthotike homologia]; 1715.16 (VI, Antin) [1: misthosis]; 1764.7-8 (VI/VII, OxN) [3: grammateion; haploun]; 1768.18-19 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 1770.20-21 (547/562, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 1771.10-11 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 1772.24 (VI, HermN) [1: grammateion]; VII 1986.11-12 (252A, Alex) [2: syngraphe, pantachou, houanep.]; P.Louvre I 11.19-20 (26-33, SokN) [1: syngraphe]; 13.20-21 (29, SokN) [2: syngraphe]; 16.6-7 (41-54, SokN) [2: cheir]; P.Lond. inv. 2917.10-11 (Vend/VIb, Ta Memnonia) [1]; P.Lund. VI 3.31 (139, UP) [1: idiographos syngraphe]; P.Mert. I 6.29 (77A, Nestou Epoikion) [1: syngraphe]; 17.39 (158, Oasitou Epoikion) [1: misthosis]; 25.19-22 (214, OxN) [2+3: cheirographon; haploun; pantach, panti]; 36.17-18 (360, Ox) [3: cheirographon; haploun]; II 76.35 (181, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 78.20 (131, Herak) [1: daneion hexamartyron]; III 125.10 (VI, OxN ?) [3: haple]; P.Meyer 12.29-30 (115, Thead) [1: syngraphe]; P.Mich. III 187.33 (75, Bac) [1: diairesis]; 191.26 (60, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; V 262.18-20 (34/5 or 35/6, ArsN) [1: syngraphe]; 264.18 (37, ArsN) [2: syngraphe]; 276.14 (47, ArsN) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 310.19 (26/7, ArsN) [1: syngraphe]; 323.28 (47, Teb) [2: syngraphe, pantache]; 331.4-5 (41, ArsN) [2: cheir, pantache]; IX 553.3 (284, Kar) [1: prasis]; 571.12-15 (96, Kar) [2+3; cheir, panti, pantache, hosende]; 608.17-18 (VI, OxN) [3: grammateion; haploun, pantache, panti]; 609.38 (244, Teb) [1: misthosis]; 610.39 (282, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 611.21 (412, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 614.25-26 (c. 258/9, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; XIII 666.31 (615/631/646, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; XV 728.7-8 (IV/V, UP) [3: prochreias grammation, haploun]; XVIII 792.26-27 (221, Ox) [3: grammata: dissa]; P.Mich.Inv. 1354.25-26 (289, PtolEu); P.Michael. 23.18-19 (296, OxN or, HermN) [1: epidoche]; 34.13 (VI, UP) [3: misthosis: disse]; 42a.29-34 (566, Aphr) [1: misthotike homologia]; 42b.21 (c. 566, Aphr) [1: misthotike homologia]; 43.21 (526, Aphr) [1: antimisthosis]; 45.58-59 (540, Aphr) [2: prasis; pantachou]; 46.22-23 (559, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 48.27-28 (572, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 52.g.26-27 (VI/VII, Aphr) [2: prasis, pantachou]; 59.6 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; P.Mil. I 48.17 (549, Ox?) [3: misthotikon, disson]; P.Mil.Vogl. I 23.23-24 (108, Teb) [2+3; cheirographon, pantache, hosende]; II 78.20 (138/9, Teb) [1: diomologoumena]; III 186.12 (99, Teb) [ed.: τὰ δʼ ὁμ[ολογήμ]ατα μένιν κύρια;]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.16 (148A, Hephaistias) [1: syngraphe]; 85.1 (Vm, Ox) [3: homologia; haple]; P.Münch. I 8.34-38 (c. 540, Sy) [2: apocharisma; hypog., hyp.]; III 89.24-25 (339, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 91.19 (V, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 92.8 (V, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 93.1.2 (V/VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 93.2.13 (V/VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 98.27-28 (593/4, Ox) [2: grammateion; haploun]; 100.16 (574, ArsPol) [1: homologia]; P.NagHamm. 62.3-4 (III/IV, Upper Egypt) [1: prasis]; P.Narm. 2006 6.2 (107/8?, Thead?) [1: prasis]; P.Nekr. 5.11-14 (241, Kysis) [3: grammation, disson, hypog., hosende]; 10.2.12-14 (244, Hibis) [3: charis; disse; hosende]; 11.10-12 (274, Kysis) [3: chresis, hapla, hosende]; 12.9-10 (245-247, Kysis) [3: chresis, hapla, hosende]; P.Neph. 29.23 (III/IV HerakN) [1: prasis]; 32.16-18 (344 HerakN) [1: grammation]; P.NYU II 13.19-20 (198, OxN) [1: prasis]; 14.1-2 (IIa?, AphrN) [2: homologia, pantache, houanep.]; 23.15-16 (326, Kar) [3: grammateion; haploun]; P.Oslo II 35.20-21 (426, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple, kathar.]; 37.16-18 (295, Phil) [3: cheirographon; disson; hosende.]; 40a.25-26 (150, Ox) [3: idiographon cheirographon; disson]; 40b.70-71 (150, Ox) [3: idiographon cheirographon; disson]; 41.21-23 (331, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; 43.10 (140/1, ProsopN?) [1: cheir; idiographos]; III 135.25 (286-293, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; 138.16-17 (323, Ox) [1: misthosis]; P.Oxf. 16.16-17 (VI/VII, HermN) [1: misthosis]; P.Oxy. I 97 (116, Ox) [1: homologia]; 101.49 (142, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 102.20 (306, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 103.20-21 (316, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 136.41 (583, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; 138.39-40 (610/1, Ox) [3: homologia; disse]; 140.29 (550, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; II 261.17-18 (55, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 267.1-34 l. 22 (37, Ox) [2: syngraphe, pantache, panti]; 269.1.12-13 (57, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 270.49 (94, Ox) [1: homologia]; 272.22 (66, OxN) [1: cheir]; 275.33-34 (66, Ox) [1: didaskalike]; 278.27-28 (17, Ox) [2: misthosis, pantache]; III 489.13 (117, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 490.7 (124, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 491.12 (126, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 492.10 (130, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 493.12 (99, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 494.30 (156, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 495.18 (182-189, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 498.48 (II, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 499.34 (121, Senepta/Ox) [1: misthosis]; 501.47 (186, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 502.45-46 (164, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 505.15-16 (179, Ox) [1: prasis]; 506.56 (143, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 507.36-38 (146, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson]; 634.10-11 (126, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 649.8 (Is/II, Ox) [1: diatheke]; IV 719.26-28 (193, Ox) [3: homologia; idiographos; hyp., aleiph., hosende]; 725.57 (183, Ox) [1: homologema]; 726.23 (134/5, Ox) [1: kyria]; 730.31-32 (130, Senepta/Ox) [1: misthosis]; 731.13-15 (9/10, Ox) [2: homologia tes paramones, pantache]; 836.30 (Before 66/5A or before 15/4A, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 838 descriptum (136, Ox) [1: misthosis]; VI 905.18-19 (170, OxN) [2: syngraphe; disse; πρὸς τὸ ἑκάτερον μέρος ἔχειν μοναχόν]; 909.33-34 (225, Ox) [3: prasis; disse]; 910.42 (197, Pakerke or Ox) [1: misthosis]; 912.35-36 (235, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 913.20-21 (443, Ox) [3: misthosis; disse]; 914.18-19 (486, Ox) [3: grammation; disson]; 988r.2.37-40 (224, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; VII 1036.34 (272, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1037.18 (444, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 1038.33 (568, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 1039.16-20 (210, Ox) [2+3: grammata parathekes; dissa, pantache, hyp., panti]; 1040.30-32 (225, Ox) [3: grammata; dissa; hosende]; 1041.20-21 (381, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1042.29 (578, Ox/Justinopolis) [3: grammation; haploun]; VIII 1124.20-21 (26, Ox); 1126.18 (V, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1127.30 (183, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1128.27-28 (173, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1129.15 (449, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1130.25 (484, Senokomis) [3: grammation; haploun]; IX 1206.16-18 (335, Ox) [3: grammata huithesias; dissa]; 1208.24 (291, Ox) [3: prasis and parachoresis; trisse]; X 1273.37 (260, OxN) [3: syngraphe; trisse]; 1276.17-20 (249, Ox) [3: prasis; disse]; 1277.12-13 (257, Ox) [3: prasis; disse, kathara]; 1278.28-29 (214, Ox) [3: homologema; trisson]; 1280.13-14 (IVl, Ox) [3: homologia; haple]; 1281.3 (21, Sinary) [1: syngraphe]; XII 1423.11 (IVm, OxN) [1: entolê]; 1473.17-18 (201, OxN) [1: syngraphe]; 1474.11-22, ll. 19-20 (216, OxN) [2+3; cheir; trisse; pantache, panti]; 1475.32-33 (267, Ox) [3: prasis kai parachoresis; disse]; XIV 1626.21-22 (325, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; 1631.33 (280, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 1633.28-30 (275, Ox) [1]; 1636.32-33 (249, Ox) [3: parachoresis, disse]; 1638.29-30 (282, Ox) [3: grammata homologias, oktassa]; 1639.21-22 (73A or 44A, Ox) [3: panti, pantache]; 1640.2.10-12 (252, Ox) [grammata, dissa, panti, pantache]; 1641.19-20 (68, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 1642.1-9 l. 8 (289, Ox) [2: aposystatikon, pantache]; 1695.31 (360, Ox) [3: epidoche; trisse]; 1696.18 (197, Ox) [3: prasis; trisse]; 1697.29-30 (242, Ox) [3: prasis; trisse]; 1698.23 (269, Ox) [3: prasis; trisse]; 1699.23 (240-280, Ox) [1?: prasis]; 1700.24 (IIIl, Ox) [3: prasis; trisse]; 1702.14-15 (290, Ox) [3: prasis]; 1704.20 (298, Ox) [3: katagraphes grammata; tetrassa]; 1705.17-18 (298, Ox) [3: prasis; haple]; 1707.17 (204, Ox) [1: prasis]; 1708.18 (311, Ox) [3: prasis; haple]; 1710.14-17 (148, Ox) [2: idiographos cheir, pantache, panti]; 1711.18-20 (IIIl, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantachou, panti]; 1713.18-19 (279, Ox) [3: parathekes grammata; idiographa; hapla]; XVI 1889.24-25 (496, Ox) [3: misthosis, haplous]; 1890.17 (508, Ox) [3: misthosis; haplous]; 1891.20-21 (495, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1892.36 (581, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1895.16 (554 CE, Oxyrhynchos) [3: homologia; haple]; 1957.17 (430, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 1959.18 (499, Ox) [1?]; 1961.21 (487, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1966.21-22 (505, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 1968.10 (VI, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 1970.28-29 (554, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1973.17-18 (420, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1976.21 (582, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1983.22 (535, Ox) [3: cheirographia; haple]; XVII 2109.50 (261, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 2134.28-29 (170, Ox) [3: hypotheke; isotypos; idiographos; aleiph.]; 2137.37-38 (226, Episemou Epoikion) [1: epidoche]; XVIII 2188.14 (107, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 2189.29-30 (219, Ox) [1: misthosis]; XIX 2237.19-20 (498, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 2239.23-24 (598, OxN) [3: synallagma; haploun]; XX 2270.14 (V/VI?, Ox) [3: prasis; haple]; 2284.b.13 (258, Ox) [1: misthapoche]; XXII 2350.1.26-28, 3.18-21 (224, Ox) [2+3; cheirographon; haploun, pantache, panti]; 2351.63-66 (112, Ox) [1: misthosis]; XXXI 2585.19 (315, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 2586.50-51 (264, Ox) [1; homolougema]; XXXIII 2676.43-44 (151, Ox) [1: anaphorion]; 2677.10-13 (II, OxN?) [2+3: cheir tes parathekes, disse, idiographos, pantache, panti]; XXXIV 2721.37-38 (234, Ox) [3: homolougema; dissa]; 2722.50 (154, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache]; XXXVI 2769.29-31 (242, Ox) [3: homolougema; dissa]; 2773.32-33 (82, Ox) [2: cheir, pantachou]; 2795.28 (250, Ox) [1: misthosis]; XXXVIII 2859.25-26 (301, Ox) [3: grammata; dissa]; 2874.37 (108, Ox) [1: misthosis]; XLI 2971.39 (66, Ox) [1: didaskalike]; 2974.30-31 (162, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 2977.49-50 (239/40, Ox) [1: homolougema]; XLII 3049 a.18-20, b.24-26 (247, Ox) [2+3; cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; XLIII 3095.34-36 (217/8, Ox) [3: synallagma: disson]; 3143.20 (305, Ox) [1: prasis]; 3144.15-16 (313, Ox) [3: prasis; haple]; 3146.19 (347, Ox) [1?; epithekes grammata]; XLIV 3203.24 (400, Ox) [3: misthosis; disse]; XLV 3254.21-22 (312/3, Ox); 3257.16-17 (318, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 3260.25-26 (323, Ox) [1?: misthosis]; 3266.21-22 (337, Ox) [3: cheirographon; disson]; XLVI 3270.20 (309, Ox) [1: epidoche]; XLVII 3351.14-15 (34, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 3352.7 (68, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 3354.50-51 (c. 257, Nomou Epoikion, Senepta) [1: epidoche]; XLVIII 3386.26 (338, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 3389.15-16 (343, Ox) [3: entolê; haple]; XLIX 3493.26-28 (175, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; idiographon; disson, pantache, panti]; 3485.23-24 (38, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 3494.13-16, 33-36 (175, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; idiographon, pantache, panti]; 3498.36 (274, Ox) [3: prasis kai parachoresis; trisse]; 3512.20-21 (492, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; L 3591.40-41 (219, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 3597.36 (260, Ox) [1; epidoche]; 3599.20 (460, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; 3600.22-23 (502, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; LI 3641.22 (544, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; LV 3800.36-37 (219, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 3802.21-22 (296, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 3803.16-17 (411, Ox) [3: misthosis; disse]; LVII 3911.48 (199, Pimpasi) [1: misthosis]; LVIII 3915.20-21 (30, Ox) [1: cheir]; 3933.32-33 (588, Ox) [3: synallagma; haploun]; 3942.31 (606, Ox) [3: grammateion; haploun]; 3952.49-50 (610, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; 3955.23-24 (611, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 3958.34 (614, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson]; LXI 4117.16-18 (240, Ox) [3: cheirographon, haploun]; 4121.24-25 (289/290, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 4125.27-29 (322, Ox) [2,3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; LXII 4132.37 (619, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 4350.15 (576, Ox) [3: homologia, haple]; 4351.13 (VIl, Ox) [3: homologia, haple]; LXIII 4390.23-24 (469, Ox) [3: misthosis; disse]; 4398.30 (553, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; LXIV 4439.23-26 (258/9, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; LXVI 4533.9 (Il/IIe, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 4534.14-15 (335, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4530.15 (576, Ox) [3: homologia, haple]; 4535.34 (600, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; LXVII 4595.38 (261, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4597.22-23 (294, Ox) [3: homolougema; dissa]; LXIX 4739.29 (127, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4745.47 (202, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4747.21-22 (296, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4748.17 (307, OxN) [1: prasis]; 4750.19 (307, OxN) [3: prasis, haple, kathara]; 4751.15 (310, Ox) [3: prasis; haple]; 4752.18 (311, OxN) [prasis, haple, kithara]; 4753.27 (341, Ox) [1: epidoche]; LXXI 4826.12-15 (168/9, Philonikou) [2+3: cheirographon, pantachou, panti, hosende]; 4827.37-38 (173/4, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 4828.2.22-25 (195, Ox) [2,3: gramma; haploun, pantache, panti]; 4835.19-20 (574, Ox); LXXII 4897.16-17 (391, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 4902.13 (415, OxN ?) [3: grammation; haploun]; 4907.14 (422, HerakN?) [1: grammation]; 4913.16-17 (462, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 4930.21-22 (614, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; LXXIII 4967.15-16 (VIl/VIIe, Ox) [3: synallagma; halpoun]; LXXV 5052.31-33 (86/7, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 5058.34 (257/8, Ox) [3: parachoresis; disse]; 5070.16-17 (605/6 or 620/1, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; LXXVII 5107.41-42 (210/1, Ox) [1: homolougema]; 5109.49-53 (c. 161/2, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson; homotypos, pantache, panti]; 5123.17-18 (555, Ox) [1: grammation, haploun]; 5124.24-25 (c. 579-595, Ox) [1: grammation, haploun]; LXXIX 5209.21-22 (267, Ox) [3: homologia; disse; antitypos]; 5211.2.17-19 (303, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; LXXXI 5288.27 (570, Ox) [3: synallagma; haploun]; LXXXII 5325.17 (437, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; LXXXIII 5370.6 (VI, Ox) [3: misthosis; disse]; 5380.b.2 (580, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; LXXXIV 5473.b.4-5 (561, Ox) [3: Synallagma*, disson]; 5474.48 (617/8, Ox) [3: Synallagma, disson*]; P.Oxy.Hels. 29.44 (54, Ox) [1: cheir]; 34.18-19 (101, Ox) [1: cheir]; 36.19 (167, Ox) [1: cheir]; 41.47-48 (223/4, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 42.8-10 (279-282, OxN) [3: misthapoche, disse]; 43.26-29 (III, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, panti]; 44.24-25 (324, Ox) [ed. τὰ τῆ]ς̣ διαιρέ[σε]ω̣ς καὶ̣ ἀ̣ν̣εγ̣κλ̣[ης]ί̣ας γρά̣[μ]μ̣α̣τ̣α̣ | τετρα̣σ̣σ̣ὰ γρα̣φ̣έν̣τα;]; P.Palau Rib. 22.18-19 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 25.8-9 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Panop. 20.13-14 (310, Panop) [1: grammation tes hypothekes]; 21.26-27 (315, Panop) [1: grammation tes hypothekes]; P.Paramone 18.26-27 (620, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Petaus 31.10-12 (183/4, Kar) [3: grammation, disson]; P.Petr. III 55a.19-20 (235/4A, Krok?) [2: syngraphe]; P.Petr.2 I 17.1-14, l. 3 (236/5A, ArsN) [1: diatheke]; P.Pintaudi 32.7-11 (224, Ox?) [3: tes parathekes gramma; haploun, hypog., pantache, panti]; 34.15-16 (after 235A, ArsN?) [2: syngraphe, pantachou, houanep.]; 35.18-19 (III, Ox); P.Prag. I 46.17 (522, Antin) [1: grammation]; II 158.13 (V/VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 160.11-12 (VIm, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 161.9-10 (Vl/VIe, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 168.1-2 (VI, Herm) [1: grammation]; P.Princ. III 145.9-10 (VI, UP) [3: grammation, haploun]; P.Rain.Cent. 82.29 (304/5, HerakN) [1: misthosis]; 86.18-19 (381, HerakN) [3: cheirographon; haploun]; 123.19 (478, Phebichis) [1: grammation]; P.Rein. II 101.15-17 (198-209, OxN) [2: pantache, panti]; 103.31 (26, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 105.10-11 (432, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; 107.4-5 (573/588/603, Koptites) [3: asphaleia, hypog.]; 108.14 (VIf, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; P.Ross.Georg. II 19.51 (141, Ox) [1: misthosis]; III 32.12 (504, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 36.21 (537, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 40.26 (588, Sesiy) [1: grammation]; 51.26 (630, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; V 37.12 (VI, Aphr) [3: hypog.]; 42.23 (602, HermN) [1]; P.Ryl. II 153.43 (169, Herm) [1: diatheke]; 163.16 (140, HermN) [3: prasis, hosende]; IV 586.35 (99A, Ox) [1: syngraphe]; 587.22 (87A, Teb) [1: syngraphe]; 662.19-21 (364, Antin) [1: gramma tes parathekes]; 683.36-37 (244, Ox) [1: misthosis]; P.Sakaon 62.11 (328, Thead) [1: prasis]; 65.18-19 (328, Thead) [2: asphaleia, panti]; 69.24-25 (331, Thead) [1: misthosis]; 70.15 (338, Boubastos) [1: misthosis]; 71.26 (306, Thead) [1: misthosis]; 96.18-21 (303, Thraso) [3: cheirographon; haploun, hypog.]; P.Scholl 8.20-21 (515, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Select. 4.8 (VI/VII, UP) [3: misthosis; haple]; 7.11-12 (314, Ox) [2+3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; 15.17-18 (435, Herak) [1: grammation]; 16.18 (V/VI, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; P.Sijp. 43.15 (119/20, OxN) [1: diatheke]; 44.11 (c. 130, Kar) [2: syngraphe, pantache]; 46.7 (332, Herm) [3: prasis, hosende]; P.Sorb. I 15.12-15 (after. 266A, HerakN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; P.Soter. 2.38 (71, Thead) [1: syngraphe]; 5.34 (94, Thead) [1: syngraphe]; P.Stras. I 4.22 (551, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 40.54 (569, Antin) [1: misthosis]; 52.12 (151, Herm) [1: syngraphe]; III 137.17-18 (325, Nagogis) [1: misthosis; disse; homotypos]; IV 186.9 (V/VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 247.20 (550/1/2, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 248.14 (561, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 252.1 (180, Antinoopolis) [aleiph.]; 256.13-16 (132, Selilais) [2+3: cheirographon; hosende, panti]; V 303.5-8 (161-169, UP) [3: cheirographon; disson; aleiph., hosende]; 338.21-22 (550, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 348.2-3 (VI, Herm) [1: bebaiosis]; 358.5 (IV, UP) [1?: misthosis]; 370.28-30 (175-180, ArsN) [3?: cheirographon]; 374.17-22 (II, UP) [3: cheirographon, disson, hosende, aleiph.]; 398.19-20 (553, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 472.24 (533/4, Herm) [1]; 475.15-16 (507/8 or 522/3, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 476.12 (VIe, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 477.17 (VIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 482.17 (542, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 483.23 (512, HermN) [1: misthosis?]; 486.18 (504/5, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 488.6 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 489.7 (VI, HermN) [1: grammation tes misthoseos]; 490.6 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 493.9-10 (c. 525, HermN) [1: grammation]; VI 539.17 (290/1, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 540.6-7 (VI, UP) [1: misthosis]; 555.19-20 (289, Herm) [3: diairesis; hexasse; ὁμότυπος]; 557.22 (291, Herm) [1: misthosis]; VI 583.23 (115/6, ArsN) [1?: homologia]; 597.14 (541, HermN) [1: misthosis]; VII 658.7 (VI, HermN) [1: grammateion]; 678.19-20 (568/9, Herm) [1: gramma]; VIII 720.9 (VI, UP) [1]; 748.7-9 (III, UP) [1?: daneion?]; 752.13-14 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 753.17 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 754.18 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 755.20 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 756.15 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 757.17 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 758.19-20 (VIIe, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 776.8-9 (IV, HermN?); 779.2 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; P.Tebt. I 105.52 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [1: syngraphe]; II 379.18 (128, Teb) [1: cheir]; III.1 817.31 (182a Krok) [2: syngraphe]; 818.23 (174A, Trikomia) [1: syngraphe]; 819.13, 42 (171a Oxyrhyncha) [1: syngraphe]; 820.13, 34 (201A, Samaria) [1: syngraphe]; P.Tebt.Pad. I 21.5-7 (138-161, Teb?) [2+3: pantache, panti, osende]; P.Thomas 28.20-22 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [2+3: antikatallage, pantachou, trisse, hypog.]; P.Turner 25.27-28 (161, Ox) [1: misthapoche]; P.Upsala 94.14-15 (408, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; P.Ups.Frid 3.1-25, ll. 14-15 (122, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 5.1.26-29, 2.25-28 (261, Ox) [2,3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; P.Vars. 10.1.19 (155, Ptolemais Drymu) [1: daneion]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 1.41-42 (598?, Aphr) [2: misthotike homologia, pantachou]; 3.b.3 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 5.c.6-7 (VI, Aphr) [2: prasis, pantachou]; 7.22 (546/7, Aphr) [3: diatheke, disse, hypog.]; P.Vind.Bosw. 10.8 (IV, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 12.15 (286/7, Herm) [3: cheirographon; disson]; P.Vind.Sal. 8.32 (323, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 9.14 (509, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Vind.Sijp. 9.18 (V, Marmarike) [1: misthosis]; 10.18-19 (V/VI, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 11.21 (453, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13.20-21 (372, Herak) [3: cheirographon; haploun]; P.Vind.Tand. 23.9-11, 34-37 (225, HerakN) [2+3: cheirographon; disson, pantache, hosende]; 28.27-28 (576/7, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Vindob. G 13349.8 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13458.6 (VI, Herm) [1: gramma misthoseos]; P.Warr. 10.29-30 (591/2, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; P.Wash.Univ. I 12.4-5 (IV, OxN?) [3: homologia; disse]; 14.5-6 (222-235, UP) [1: misthosis]; 22.12 (IVe, UP) [1: grammation]; P.Wisc. I 4.30-31 (53, Ox) [1: didaskalike]; 5.35 (185, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 7.38-39 (259/60, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 9.30-31 (183, Ox) [3: parachoresis; diple]; 10.16 (468, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; 11.28-29 (646, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; 13.9 (IIe, Ox) [1: diatheke]; 14.19 (131, Sy) [3: trisse] 15.11 (236, Ox) [disson]; II 51.4 (10a UP) [1: misthosis]; P.Worp 30.6-11 (V/VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; P.Yale I 60.15-17 (6/5A, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 64.29 (74/5, Ox) [1?; syngraphe]; 70.12-13 (229/30 ?, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 71.15-16 (456, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 72.7 (V, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; PSI I 32.21 (208, HerakN) [1: misthosis]; 34.19 (397, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 36a.4.24 (12/3, Thead?) [1: syngraphe]; 63.30-31 (624?, Ox) [3: grammation: haploun]; 77.33 (551, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 79.18-19 (216/7, Ox) [1: prasis]; III 176.14-15 (V?, Ox) [3: homologia tes misthoseos; diple]; 178.9-10 (291, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 203.21 (87, Ox) [1: misthosis]; IV 283.24-25 (550, Aphr) [1: antimisthosis]; 287.24 (377, Ox) [3: grammation; haploun]; V 466.21-22 (518, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 467.18 (360, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 468.32-33 (200, Ox) [1: misthosis]; VI 699.16-18 (III, Ox) [2, 3: grammata tes parathekes, dissa, pantache]; 702.14-17 (III, Ox) [2, 3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; 707.22 (351, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 709.25-26 (566, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; VII 739.30-31 (163, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 799.5 (VI, Herm) [1: grammation]; VIII 881.10 (VI, OxN) [2]; 882.8 (337, OxN ?) [3: prasis; haple]; 929.26 (111, ArsN) [1: syngraphe]; 934.14 (VI, Aphr) [1: misthosis]; 963.27 (579, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 964.18-19 (520/1 or 535/6 or 550/1, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; IX 1028.20 (15, Teb) [1: syngraphe]; 1030.25 (109, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1036.25 (192, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 1037.29-30 (301, Ox) [3: synallagma; disson, πρὸς τὸ ἑκάτερον ἔχειν]; 1068.19-21 (246, Ox) [2, 3: grammata, dissa, pantache, panti]; 1069.25-27 (246, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 1078.28 (356, Lenonos) [1: epidoche]; X 1098.39 (51A, Teb) [1: syngraphe]; 1120.14 (IlA/Ie, UP) [1: paramone]; 1122.29-30 (VI, OxN) [3: grammation; haploun]; 1131.29 (41, PtolEu) [1: graphe]; 1143.24 (164, Teb) [ed.: μένιν οὖν αὐτοῖς τὴν μίσθωσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς προκειμένοις;]; XII 1249.35-37 (265, Ox) [2, 3: ἡ κατὰ χειρόγραφον συναλλαγή, disse, pantache, panti]; 1250.23-25 (265, Ox) [2, 3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; 1251.25-28 (252, Ox) [2, 3: cheir; disse, pantache, panti]; 1253.19-21 (186, Ox) [2, 3: idiographos cheir, disse, pantache, panti]; 1263.12 (166/7, Ox) [1: diatheke]; XIII 1311.33-34 (136A, Berenikis Thesmophorou) [1: syngraphe]; 1338.20 (299, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 1340.18 (420, Petne) [3: grammation, haploun]; 1427.23-24 (565, Ox) [3: grammation, haploun]; XV 1550.28 (IIIf, Ox) [3: prasis, disse]; XVII 1699.25 (173/4, Ox) [1: misthosis]; PSI Congr. XX 6.13 (41, Teb) [1: syngraphe]; 16.22 (c. 330-340, Ox ?) [3: prasis, trisse]; SB I 4370.40 (229, HerakN) [1: hypotheke]; 4490.29 (641 or 656, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 4491.12 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 4493.9 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 4652.4-7 (304, Oasis Magna) [3: disse, hosende]; 4661.15 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: prasis]; 4727.9 (IV-VII, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 4739.21 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 4753.12 (523, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 5114.44-46 (630-640, Apol) [2+3: prasis, pantachou, hosende?]; 5286.30-31 (607, Panop) [1: misthosis]; 5325.2-3 (IV-VII, UP) [1: homologia]; 5679.18-20 (307, Oasis Magna) [3: prasis, haple, hosende]; III 6612.18 (365, OxN) [3: antiprasis; haple]; IV 7358.16-18 (277-282, Kar) [2+3: grammation, haploun, pante]; 7369.27-28 (512, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 7443.20-21 (285, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 7444.15 (327, Ox) [1: epidoche]; 7467.16-17 (221, Phil) [1: cheirographon]; V 7532.23 (74A, Nilopolis) [1: syngraphe]; 7758.30-31 (497, MagdBouk) [1: grammation]; 7814.34-35 (256, Ox) [1: misthosis]; VI 8971.14 (284/5, Ox) [1: prasis]; 8974.39 (IbA, Bousiris) [1: graphe]; 8987.42 (644/5, Ox) [3: prasis, haple]; 9085 inv. 16048 l. 21 (565, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 9085 inv. 16055 ll. 31-32 (589, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 9109.10 (31, Teb) [2: syngraphe, pantache]; 9151.7 (c. 600, Herm) [1: prasis]; 9154.17-18 (VII/VIII, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 9214.27-28 (311, Ox) [3: prasis, haple]; 9269.26 (304, PtolEu) [1: misthosis]; 9270.16-19 (337, UP) [2: gramma]; 9282.10 (c. 500, HerakN) [1: grammation]; 9291.33 (93, Thead) [1: syntheke]; 9293.22 (573, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 9294.23 (621/2 or 636/7, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 9459.17 (VI, ArsN) [ed.: [κυρία ἡ ὁμολογία ἐ]ξ ὑπαρχόντων μου πάντων;]; 9561.27 (590, Ox) [3: misthosis, haple]; 9569.15-16 (91, UP) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 9588.12 (VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis, ἐξ ὑπαρχόντων μου πάντων]; 9589.16 (VIl, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 9590.24 (VI/VII, Herak) [1: asphaleia]; 9593.26 (VI/VII, Herak) [1: grammation]; VIII 9642.4.15-17 (117-137, Teb) [1: synchorema]; 9773.19 (540, Herak) [1: homologia]; 9778.18 (VI, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 9831.14 (Il, ArsN) [1: homologia] ?; 9873.10-11 (244, Oasis Magna) [3: parachoresis, hosende]; 9876.16 (534, Herak) [1: misthapoche]; 9906.26 (193/4, PtolEu) [1: ta ômologêmena]; 9907.25 (388, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 9918.21-22 (179/80, OxN) [1: epidoche]; 9919.8-9 (IIIl, OxN) [1: epidoche]; 9931.20 (405, Herm) [1: misthosis]; X 10222.19-20 (20, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 10236.41 (36, Ox) [1: didaskalike]; 10238.18-19 (37, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 10246.16-17 (55, Ox) [2: cheir, pantache, panti]; 10263.31-32 (204, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 10492r.11-13 (163, UP) [2, 3: cheirographon, disson, panti, pantache]; 10728.19-20 (318, Ox) [1: prasis]; XII 10784.15-17 (330-340, Oasis Magna?) [3: prasis, hypog., hyp., hosende.]; 10942.36 (4A, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 10946.30-31 (98-103, Ox) [1: didaskalike]; 11059.11-12 (244A, Ox) [2: syngraphe, houanep. or representative]; 11060.2 (246A-223A, OxN) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 11061.22 (218A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 11228.33-34 (204, OxN) [2, 3: cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; XIV 11277.29-30 (225, Nilopolis) [1: prasis]; 11278.12 (316, Ox) [3: prasis, haple]; 11279.38 (44, Thead) [1: syngraphe]; 11281.32 (172, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 11284.15-16 (102-116, UP) [idiographos] ?; 11373.15 (513, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseos]; 11376.18-19 (239A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 11491.22 (59, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 11703.8 (IIIl, HerakN) [1: prasis]; 11711.24 (332, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 11855.31 (547 ?, Aphr) [1: prasis]; 11877.22-23 (348, Phil) [1: prasis]; 11933.41-42 (27A, PtolEu) [ed,: μενέτω αὐτοῖς ἡ μίσθωσις κυρία καὶ τοῖς | [παρʼ αὐτῶ]ν̣·;]; 12049.18-19 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 12050.29-30 (498, Herm) [1: gramma tes misthoseon]; 12052.13-14 (545/560, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 12088.26-27 (346, Ox) [3: cheirographon, haploun]; 12105.27 (129, Thead) [1: syngraphe]; 12132.15-16 (VI, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 12180.10-12 (186, Herak) [3: paratheke, hyp., hosende, aleiph.]; XVI 12333.18-19 (189-193, Ox ?) [3: homologia, hosende, aleiph.]; 12469.18-19 (26A, SokN) [1: syngraphe]; 12486.20 (470, HermN) [1: gramma]; 12489.13 (Vm, HermN) [1: gramma]; 12491.15-16 (VI/VII, HermN) [1: grammation]; 12492.27-28 (638, HermN) [1: grammation]; 12583.22-23 (500, Ox) [3: misthosis, haple]; 12639.27 (VI, ArsN) [1: grammation] ; 12784.6 (IIIl, HerakN or, OxN) [2, οὗ ἂν ἐπιφέρηται]; 12946v.19 (474, Antin) [3: prasis, haple]; 13017.25 (24A, SokN) [1: syngraphe]; 13030.12-13 (205, Alabastrine) [3: cheirographon; monachon, hypog., hyp., hosende]; 13037.20 (522/3, HermN) [1: gramma]; 13071.18 (223-235, PtolEu) [1: prasis]; 13255.6 (231A, Tholt) [2: syngraphe, houanep.]; 13305.34-35 (271, Karanis) [1: didaskalike]; XVIII 13320.84-86 (613-641, Aphr) [2: prasis, pantachou]; 13584.21 (VIm, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13585.5 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13586.14 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13620.13-14 (473, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 13885.24 (547 or 562, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 13960.21-22 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: homologia]; 14001.23-24 (486, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; XX 14110.19-20 (VI, Ox) [3: misthosis, haple]; 14199.15-16 (179, Ox) [3: prasis, idiographos, trisse, aleiph.]; 14293.20-21 (383, Kellis) [1: prasis]; 14298.14-15 (IV, UP) [3: grammation, haploun]; 14336.11 (91/2 or 107/8, Ox) [1: homologia]; 14337.35 (103, Ox) [1, misthosis]; 14338.17 (120, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 14379.27-28 (320, Kar) [2,3: boulema; διπλῶς γραφέν, pantache, hosende]; 14416.16 (VI, HermN/AntinN/AphrN); 14585.14 (319, UP) [3: aposysstatikou grammata, hapla]; 14628.6-10 (214/5, Ox) [2,3: epikataboles cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; 14681.28 (IIIl, Ox) [3: prasis, trisse]; 14969.8-9 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: gramma tes homologias]; 15008.23 (578, Herak) [1: misthosis]; 15043.9-10 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: grammation]; XXII 15240.37-38 (156A, Ammonias) [2: syngraphe, pantachou, houanep.]; 15245.4-5 (VI, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 15322.11-12 (535, HermN) [1: grammation]; 15325.7 (176?, Kar) [3: cheirographon, hosende, aleiph.]; 15493.14 (435, Sesiy) [1: misthosis]; 15538.12 (13A, Alex) [2: ta diômologêmena]; 15595.11 (VI/VII, HermN) [1: grammation]; 15612.10-12 (199, UP) [2+3: prasis kai parachoresis, idiographos, trisse, pantache, panti]; 15613.13-16 (111, Teb) [1: misthosis]; 15618.18 (427/8?, Alabastrine) [2: prasis, pantachou]; 15620.14 (424, Alabastrine) [1: misthosis]; 15729.39-40 (639, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; XXIV 15923.10-11 (VIl/VIIe, HermN ?) [1: gramma]; 15925.13 (VIe, Ox) [3: halpe]; 15959.10 (VIf, Aphr) [1: antimisthosis]; 16109.1-2 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 16112.3 (VI, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 16128.4 (V, OxN) [1: misthosis]; 16189.5 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 16191.5 (VI/VII, Antinoites) [1: misthosis]; 16196.5 (VI/VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 16265.9-10 (259/60?, OxN) [2,3; cheirographon, disson, pantache, panti]; XXVI 16423.15-18 (210/1, HerakN) [3: cheirographon, disson, kathar., hosende.]; 16487.3 (VI, Hermopolites) [1: misthosis]; 16488.2-3 (VI, ArsN/HerakN) [1: misthosis]; 16550.4-6 (198-211, Bac) [3: cheirographon, hosende]; 16662.8-9 (VI, AntaiN) [misthosis: 3: dissos, homotypos]; 16752.12-13 (494/5, OxN) [3: grammation, several copies]; 16756.10-11 (IV/V, UP) [3: grammation; haploun]; 16819.27 (332, Herm) [1: misthosis]; XXVIII 16865.7-8 (VII, ArsN) [1: misthosis]; 16909.16-17 (420, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 17004.3 (Vm, Ox) [1: misthosis]; 17196.20-21 (426, Ox) [3: misthosis; haple]; 17201.12-13 (VI/VII, Herm) [1: misthosis]; 17208.15 (IVend/Vb, Herakleopolis) [1: misthosis]; 17232.17 (484, Ox) [1?: grammation]; XXX 17338.21 (621, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 17339.31 (630, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; SPP II p. 33, l. 16 (328, Herm) [1: misthosis]; III 376.3 (VI/VII, HermN) [1: misthosis]; XX 45.12-13 (237, Mochchyris) [3: cheirographon, hypog., hosende.]; 47.23 (238, HerakN) [1: parachoresis]; 55.14 (250, HerakN) [1: misthosis]; 79.3 (321, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 104.4 (383, UP) [1: misthosis]; 110.9 (IV/V, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 113.4-5 (401, UP) [1: misthosis]; 114.17-18 (421, Alex) [1: katagraphe (inf.)]; 117.14-15 (411, Koba) [1: homologia]; 123.24-25 (445, Herak) [3: grammation, haploun]; 145.8-9 (VIs, ArsPol) [1: prasis]; 148.19 (VI, HerakN) [1: grammation]; 218.37 (624 ?, HermN) [1: misthosis]; 220.33-34 (618, ArsPol) [1: misthosis]; 261.13-14 (570, HermN) [1: grammation]; XXII 20.21 (3, UP) [1: syngraphe]; 69.9-11 (186/7, SokN) [3: cheirographon, disson, hosende]; T.Varie 8.11 (669, Syron Kome/Palosis); 10.8 (VII, Thousbou Bouserapamonos) [3: grammation, haploun]; P.Vindob. G 13263 + 13376 + 14694.24 (498, Herm) [1]; UPZ I 125.28 (89A, Memphis) [2: syngraphe, pantachou]; ZPE 200 (2016) 336-346 frag. b 44 (163, Ophis, Oxyrhynchites).
2. Asphaleia
Category: Envelope
In this derivative of the kyria clause, the obligor confirms having composed the document or having surrendered it to the obligee as security (εἰς ἀσφάλειαν, πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν). In [Type1], of Egyptian origin, it is stated that documents composed regarding the object of sale shall belong to the purchaser from the date of composition onward. [Type1] is attested in two documents. Cf., e.g., BGU III 1002.4 (55 BCE, Hermopolis): σαὶ δέ εἰσιν πᾶσαι αἱ κατʼ αὐτῶν κείμεναι συνγραφαὶ καὶ ὠναὶ καὶ δίκαια καὶ βέβαια καὶ νῖκος (‘The documents concerning them (viz., the objects of sale), including acts of purchase, rights, warranties, and records of victory, are yours’). [Type2] is best attested in documents from Augustan Alexandria, e.g., BGU IV 1059.18 (30 BCE – 14 CE, Alexandria): ἀναδέδωκεν δὲ ἡ Φιλωτέρα ἣν εἶχεν εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἀσφάλειαν (‘Philotera has delivered the deed of security that was made to her benefit’). [Type3] of the asphaleia clause, with the verb ἐκδίδωμι, is inserted into Arsinoite, Oxyrhynchite, and Hermopolite cheirographa in the second century CE and is commonly used throughout Egypt in the Byzantine period. So in P.Princ. III 149.10-12 (177/8 CE, Bacchias): τὸ [δ]ὲ χειρόγραφον | 11 [ἰδιόγραφο]ν ὑμεῖν ἐξεδόμην χωρ[ὶς] ἀλίφαδος καὶ ἐπιγρα[φῆς] | 12 [δισσὸν γρα]φέν κτλ. (‘This contract I have given to you written in my own hand in two copies without erasure and addition…’). The same text is developed further in the early fourth century CE, recording also the obligor’s hypographe. Cf., e.g., P.Mich.Inv. 1354.22-25 (289 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis): τ̣ὴν | 23 ἀσφά̣λειαν τα[ύ]τ̣ην ἁπλῆν σοι ἐ̣ξε̣δόμη̣(ν) | 24 ἐπ̣[ὶ ὑ]πογραφῆς τοῦ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ ὑπ[ογ]ρά|25φο̣ν̣τος ἀγραμμ(άτου) (‘I have given you this deed of security in a single copy subscribed by the man who subscribed on my behalf as I am illiterate’). In [Type4], the obligor records not the delivery but the composition of the document, expressed through the middle voice of the indicative aorist of τίθημι and followed by the stipulation clause. Cf., e.g., P.Lond. V 1735.19 (VIf, Syene?): καὶ πρὸς ἀσφάλειαν σ̣ὴν ἐθέμην τὴν πρᾶσιν κυρ(ίαν) καὶ βεβ(αίαν) καὶ ἐπ̣[ερ(ωτηθεῖσα) ὡμολ(όγησα).] (‘And for your security I have composed the deed of sale valid and firm, and having been interrogated I have acknowledged’). [Type4] seems to be Upper Egyptian and is not attested in documentation from the Arsinoite nome. It is contemporaneous with the use of the same formula in contemporary hypographai (BEth). [Type5], with the medio-passive of the perfect indicative of ποιέω, is exclusively Byzantine and is not introduced before the beginning of the sixth century CE. It is attested throughout Egypt. Cf., e.g., P.Ant. ΙΙ 91.10-12 (VI CE, Antinoopolites): καὶ εἰς τὴν | 11 ἀ[σ]φάλ(ειαν) ταύτην σ[οι] πεποίημαι τὴν ὁμολογίαν κυρίαν | 12 οὖ̣[σ]α̣ν καὶ βεβαίαν (‘And for your security I have made the contract, being valid and firm’). The use of [Type5] coincides with the use of the same formulation in contemporary hypographai (BPepo), though not necessarily in the same contract. Also attested, in documents from Aphrodite, is the combined use of type3 and type4.
Bibl.: Sethe – Partsch (1920): 704; Schwarz (1920): 279-286; Woeß (1924): 291; Lüddeckens (1960): 328-329; Wolff (1961): 117; (1978) 159; Zauzich (1968): 141-146; Pestman (1983): 281-302; Nowak (2012): 577-578.
BGU I 304.14-15 (641, Herak)? [5]; III 736.14-15 ? (544 or 559, ArsPol) [5]; 1002.14 (55A, Herm) [1]; IV 1059.18 (30A-14, Alex) [2]; 1170.50-60, ll. 59-60 (10A, Alex) [2]; XII 2140.15-16 (432, Herm) [3]; 2189.5 (VI, Herm) [5]; CPR I 193.4-5 (160, ArsN) [3]; 198.18-19 (138, ArsN) [3]; 199.1-3 (III, ArsN); V 11.15-17 (IVe, UP) [4, with special reference to the case of non-surrender]; XV 2.7-8 (11, SokN) [1]; XVIIA 19.19-20 (321, Herm) [3]; M.Chr. 361.17-19 (355, Eleph) [4]; O.Claud. 599.5-11 (140-145, Mons Claudianus) [ed.: ll. 6-7: πααχω[ρῶ σοι τὸ προ]|[κε]ίμενον χιρό[γραφον];]; P.Ammon II 27.23-27 (348, Panop) [ἐπιδίδωμι κυρίαν]; P.Amst. I 46.5 (218-228, Oasis Parva) [3]; P.Ant. II 91.10-12 (VI, AntinN ?) [5]; 104 (VI, Antin) [5]; P.Athen.Xyla 18.6 (487/8, HermN) [5]; P.Apoll. 57.6-7 (VIIl, Apol) [5]; P.Bodl. I 45.38-39 (c. 610, Apol) [3]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.15 (341, Herm) [3]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67001 (514, Aphr) [4]; 67116 (548, Aphr) [5]; II 67127.19-20 (544, Aphr) [4]; 67128.29-31 (547, Aphr) [4]; 67151.301-304 (570, Antin) [4]; 67162 (568, Antin); 67163.35-36 (569, Antin) [5]; 67164 (569, Antin) [5]; 67251.4-5 (549, Aphr) [5] III 67299.45 (527-565, Antin); 67310v.8-9 (566-573, Antin) [3]; P.Coll.Youtie I 71.31-33 (281, Panop) [3]; II 92 (569, Antin) [3, 5]; P.Duk.Inv. 728.15 (518-527?, UP) [4]; P.Edfou I 2.10 (619, Apol) [5]; 3.17-18 (618, Antin) [5]; P.Flor. III 280.23-24 (514, Aphr) [4]; 310.12 (425-450, HermN) [3]; 384.112-114 (489, Herm) [3]; P.Gascou 30.36-40 (565-579, AphrodN) [5]; P.Gen. I 10.16-18 (316, Phebichis) [ἕκαστος ἔχετω πρὸς ἀσφάλιαν]; 35 (161, ArsN ?) [3]; II 10.16-18 (316, Phebichis); P.Grenf. II 89.6 (510 or 525, Apol) [5]; 90.18-19 (VI, Apol) [5]; P.Hamb. III 232.2-3 (VIf, Aphr) [3]; P.Herm. 32.22-27 (VI, UP) [4]; P.Jena II 3.3-4 (337, UP) [3]; P.Kell. I 31.20-22 (306, Kellis) [3]; 42.25-27 (364, Kellis) [3]; 43.27-30 (374/387, Kellis) [3]; 44.14-17 (382, Kellis) [3]; P.Köln III 153.7-8 (after 524, Antin) [5]; 154.10-13 (VI, HermN) [5]; P.Lips. I 5.1.15-18 (293, Herm) [5]; 11.7 (247, Herm?) [5]; P.Lond. I 77.65-68 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [5]; III 951r.8-9 (c. 249, UP) [προήκαμην]; 976.10 (315, UP) [3]; 1001.26 (539, HermN) [4]; V 1700.6-7 (VI, Aphr) [5]; 1706.7-8 (VI, Aphr) [4]; 1711.56-58, 60-65 (566-573, Antin) [3,4]; 1719.18-19 (556, Thebes) [5]; 1721.12 (542/3 or 557/8, Thebes); 1722.45-46 (530, Sy) [3]; 1723.18-21 (577, Sy) [5]; 1727.56-61 (583/4, Sy) [3]; 1733.65-68 (594, Sy) [5]; 1735.19 (VIl, Sy ?) [4]; 1736.18-20 (611, Sy) [5]; 1737.19-20 (613, Sy) [5]; P.Louvre II 110.19 (139-160, HermN) [3]; 112.4-6 (151, UP) [3]; P.Mich. XI 603.26-27 (134, ArsN); 607.26-28 (569, Antin); XIII 662.53-58 (615, Aphr) [3]; 663.25-31 (extended) (VI, Aphr); 664.34-37 (extended) (584/5 or 600/1, Aphr); 669.15-17 (529 or 544, Aphr) [5]; 670.16-17 (527, Tanyaithis) [4]; 671.20-22 (VIm, Aphr) [4]; 672.5-7 (557?, Aphr) [3]; P.Mich.Inv. 1354.22-25 (289, PtolEu) [3]; P.Michael. 40.47-53 (544 or 559, Aphr) [4]; 44.18-19 (527, Aphr) [4]; 45.58-61 (540, Aphr) [4]; 52.g.26-27 (VI/VII, Aphr); P.Mil.Vogl. I 26.16-19 (128, Teb) [2: ἀνείληφεν]; P.Münch. I 3.22-25 (580, Sy) [5]; 4.43-45 (581 Sy) [4]; 9.87-91 (585, Sy) [3]; 10.16-19 (586, Sy) [4]; 12.49 (590/1?, Sy) [4]; 13.65-68 (594, Sy) [5]; 15.12-14 (493, Sy) [3]; 16.39-40 (Vl, Sy) [3]; P.NagHamm. 63.7-10 (341, Diospolis Parva?) [3]; P.Neph. 33.16-18 (c. 330-340, HerakN) [ἀναδέδωκα]; P.Oxy. II 271.19-23 (56, OxN) [2]; IX 1200.33-34 (266, Ox) [3]; XIV 1643.13-15 (298, Ox) [3]; XVI 1983.21-22 (535, Ox) [5]; XLVII 3389.16 (343, Ox) [3]; 149.10-12 (177/8, Bac) [3]; P.Ross.Georg. III 33.21-22 (522, Aphr) [3]; P.Ryl. II 163.16-17 (140, HermN) [3]; P.Sijp. 11a.18-21 (390, Kellis) [4]; 46.7-8 (332, Herm) [3]; P.Stras. I 1.12-13 (435, Herm) [3]; 79.9-11 (16/5A, Sy) [2: symbolon] ?; 144.19-20 (245, HermN) [3]; P.Tebt.Pad. I 21.3-4 (138-161, Teb?) [3]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 4 (VIs, Aphr) [3]; 5.c.8-12 (VI, Aphr) [3]; 9.17-18 (VI, AntaiN) [4]; P.Vind.Bosw. 12.15-16 (286/7, Herm) [προηκάμην]; PSI IV 300.14-15 (324, Ox) [5]; XII 1239.19-20 (430, Antin) [4]; XIII 1341.18-20 (Vb, Antin) [4]; SB I 4501.9-12 (V, ArsN); 4683 (VI-VII, HermN) [5]; 4830.4?-6? (IV-VII, ArsN) [5]; 4846.4-5 (IV-VII, ArsN) [5]; 5112.63-65 (618, Apol) [3]; III 7201.21-22 (553, Aphr); VI 8986.4-5 (641, Apol) [3]; 9051.14-15 (VI, HermN) [5]; 9109.9-10 (31, Teb) [2: symbola]; 9219.21 (319, Herm) [3]; XII 10810.5 (VI, UP) [5]; XIV 11598.16-17 (III, UP); XVI 12864.14-15 (506, Herm) [5]; 12864.6 (506, Herm); XVIII 13320.89-92 (613-641, Aphr) [3]; XX 15027.7-8 (475, OxN) [4]; 15202.17-18 (VIf, Aphr) [4]; XXIV 16320.18-21 (293-304, Kellis); XXVIII 16857.3-6 (VI, HermN) [5]; SPP I p. 6-7, ll. 29-31 (c. 460, Antin) [4]; XX 45.11-12 (237, Mochchyris) [3]; 110.26-27 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [3]; 114.14-17 (421, Alex).
3. Stipulatio
Category: Envelope
The stipulatio is a Roman form of contracting, consisting of the obligee’s interrogation and the obligor’s reply regarding the performance of a future act. See, in particular, D. 45.1.5.1 (Pomp. 26 ad Sab.): Stipulatio autem est verborum conceptio, quibus is qui interrogatur daturum facturumve se quod interrogatus est responderit (‘A stipulation is a certain form of words by which the party who is questioned answers that he will give or do whatever is the subject of the interrogation’). The stipulatio may address a specific duty (Simon (1964): 26: Spezialstipulation). Such is the case in PSI VI 729 frag. A l. 4 = frag. B ll. 4-5 (77 CE, Unknown Provenance), a sale of a horse, in which the vendor is obligated to pay a duplum should the purchaser’s title be challenged by a third person: et si quis eum euicerit, tụ[nc] | [quantum id erit, t(antam) p(ecuniam) dup]l[am] uti a[d]ṣọlet p(robam) r(ecte) d(ari) stipul(atus) est C(aius) Uaḷerius, spop(ondit) C(aius) Iulius Rufus (centurio) (‘Gaius Valerius inquired whether, in the event that someone should lay claim to ownership of the horse, then double its value — as is customary — should be paid, based on the valuation at that time. Gaius Julius Rufus, centurion, solemnly affirmed that it should.’). As early as the late Republic, however, the stipulatio was customarily employed to render enforceable any provisions recorded throughout the document (a so-called Generalstipulation). The obligor thereby assumed a formal obligation to comply with the terms of the contract. Typical wording includes: haec ita recte fieri stipulatus est (obligee), spopondit (obligor) (‘The obligee asked whether these things shall thus be properly done; the obligor pledged that they shall’). The obligation thus undertaken pertains to future performance.
In the Greek source material, we primarily encounter the Generalstipulation [Type1]. The Greek text maintains the key tenets of the Roman prototype. In P.Euphrates 6, a slave sale from 249 CE Markopolis, the scribe reports the interlocution with πίστει ἐπηρώτησεν (fidei interrogavit), and πίστει ὡμολόγησεν (here: fidei promissit), a formulation applicable as stipulatio among non-Romans: ταῦτα οὕτως καλῶς γενέσθαι | 27 φυλαχθῆναί τε πίστει ἐπηρώτησεν ἡ αἰωνημένη (l. ἐωνημένη), | 28 πίστει ὡμολόγησεν ἡ ἀποδομένη μετὰ παρουσίας | 29 Κωζα ἀδελφοῦ αὐτῆς (‘The purchaser has in good faith asked if these things shall be so well performed and preserved; the vendor has in good faith acknowledged this in the presence of her brother Kosas’). The subsequent infinitives, γενέσθαι φυλαχθῆναί τε, are given in the aorist tense, commonly used, alongside the present tense, to denote future obligation in Greek translations of the stipulatio (see, e.g., Theophilus, Paraphrasis 3.15.1: pag. 322, 20-24 Ferrini).
A similar account is recorded in 95 documents from Egypt, with several key modifications: [1] the finite verb ἐπηρώτησεν, recording the obligee’s interrogation, is replaced by the aorist participle of the same verb, used as a modifier of the responding obligor: ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὡμολόγησεν; [2] the word πίστις is no longer recorded; [3] The verb ὁμολογέω does not take the infinitive as the direct object. The infinitive is now nominal, following the preposition περί with the genitive; [4] Most notably, the infinitive may still be in the aorist and present tense and, as such, may be interpreted as creating an obligation of future performance. In 51 texts, however, it takes the perfect, which may be interpreted as confirmation of the performance of a past act rather than creation of a future obligation. The perfect-tense version is the rule in sale documents drawn up at the Arsinoite and Herakleopolite agoranomeia after 220 but is also used elsewhere. Its latest occurrence, P.Köln III 155, dates to the sixth century CE. Cf., e.g., P.Coll.Youtie II 71.35-36 (281, Panopolis): καὶ ἐπερωτηθεὶς περὶ τοῦ ταῦτα οὕτως | 36 ὀρθῶς καλῶς γεγενῆσθαι ὡμολόγησα (cf., Litinas – Triantafyllou (2019): 179-180, 199-201, 202-203).
The same tenets, indicating an interlocution used for the confirmation of the performance of a past act, are used in [Type2] in 17 documents, all but one of which are Oxyrhynchite sale contracts, to confirm that the vendor has been paid the consideration in full. The text always mentions the agent, ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὑπὸ σοῦ ὡμολόγησα. The object of the stipulation is introduced by the preposition περί, in the genitive, of course, and may be the nomen actionis ἀρίθμησις or the perfect infinitive of ἀριθμέω (ἠριθμῆσθαι). In one document, the clause is also used to record the payment of a dowry. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XX 2270.3-4 (V/VI, Ox): πε̣ρὶ ἧς̣ ἀ̣ρι[θ]μ̣[ή]σ̣ε̣ω̣ς̣ τ̣ῆ̣[ς] ὁ̣λοκλήρου τιμῆς ἐ[π]ερ̣ωτη|4θέντ̣ε̣[ς ὑπὸ] σ̣ο̣ῦ̣ [π]επ̣λ̣η̣[ρ]ῶσθαι ὡμολογήσαμεν (‘Having been interrogated by you regarding the payment of the complete price we have acknowledged that we have been paid in full’).
By far the most common type, recorded in 763 documents [Type3], is very succinct, comprising no more than the phrase ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὡμολόγησα. The formulation is primarily used in documents that record everyday contracts (leases, unsecured loans, sale of fungibles), drafted in a narrow format. A non-Egyptian counterpart [Type3ne] is already attested in P.Yadin 22.29-30 from 130 CE Maoza: πίστεως | 30 ἐπερωτημένης (l. ἐπηρωτημένης) καὶ ἀνθομολογημένης (l. ἀνθωμολογημένης). In Egypt, the succinct text may take different extensions. Thus, in eight lease contracts from third- and fourth-century Oxyrhynchos [Type3subl], the preposition περί with the genitive refers back to the object of the stipulatio, which is specified immediately before in the kyria clause. P.Oxy. LXIX 4747.21-23 (296, Ox): κυ|22ρία ἡ μίσθωσις περὶ ἧς ἀλλήλους ἐπερωτήσαντες | 23 [ἀλλή]λ̣ο[ι]ς ὡμολόγησαν (‘The lease contract is applicable, regarding which having interrogated each other they have acknowledged mutually’). Similarly, in 30 documents from the Byzantine period [Type3sub], the formulation ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὡμολόγησα is followed a general reference to the preceding text: ἐπὶ τούτοις πᾶσι, καὶ εἰς πάντα, ἐφ᾽ ἅπαντα, πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἐγγεγραμμένα. Cf., in particular, P.Cair.Masp. II 67159.48-49 (568, Antinoopolis): καὶ ἐφʼ ἅπαντα τὰ προγεγραμμένα (or προειρημένα) σύμφωνα ἐπερωτηθέντες | 49 παρʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐπερωτήσαντες καὶ εἰς πέρας ἄγειν ὡμολ(ογήσαμεν). (‘In relation to all the agreements written above, having interrogated each other we have acknowledged mutually’).
In 22 documents [Type3pers] from all periods, details of the contracting parties are recorded: the explicit identification of an agent (ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὑπὸ σοῦ ὡμολόγησα) or, in the case of mutual interrogation, ἐπερωτήσαντες ἀλλήλους (or ὑπ᾽ ἀλλήλων) ὡμολογήσαμεν. The marriage document P.Lond. V 1711.59-60 (566-573, Antinoopolites) and the will P.Lips. I 29.17 (295, Hermopolis), stress the promissor’s being of sound mind [compare: introductory (‘wills’)]: καὶ ἐπε[ρωτ]ηθ(εῖσα) νοοῦσα καὶ φρονοῦσα ὡμολό(γησα) (‘having been interrogated she has acknowledged being sane and in the right mind’). Finally, in 10 documents [Type3att], it is stressed that both parties attended the stipulation in person (compare CJ., 8.37.14 and Simon (1964) 92-93). The earliest of these texts, P.Dubl. 32, from 512 CE Arsinoiton Polis, runs (ll. 14–15) καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις | 15 ἐπερωτηθεὶς παρʼ αὐτοῦ κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡμολόγησεν (‘having been interrogated in relation to these matters by him (i.e., the purchaser) in person, he (i.e., the vendor) has acknowledged’). Other Byzantine documents [Type3apel] exhibit the formulation ἐπερωτηθεὶς ὡμολόγησα καὶ ἀπέλυσα. Cf., e.g., P.Köln VII 322.18 (VII CE, Herakleopolis).
[Type4] signals a return to the tenet of the Roman stipulatio as creating a prospective obligation (insofar as this tenet really had been abandoned in Egypt). The text is recorded in 25 ‘synallagma documents’ but is also attested in 14 others, dialyseis in particular. See P.Cair.Masp. I 67032 (551 CE, Constantinople): καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἅπασιν | 84 ἐπερωτηθέντες \παρʼ ἀλλήλων/ καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐπερωτήσαντες τ̣α̣ῦ̣θ̣ʼ | 85 οὕτως ἔχειν δώσ̣ε̣ι̣ν [π]οιεῖν φ[υλ]άττειν̣ ε̣ἰ̣ς̣ [πέρα]ς ἄξαι | 86 ὡμολογήσαμεν (‘Under these terms, having been interrogated by each other and having interrogated each other, we have acknowledged that these things are so, (namely?) that we shall give, do, guard, and bring to perfection’). The formulation, it has been suggested (Simon (1964): 92), goes back to the Roman wording that was taught in contemporary law schools and reflected the growing legal erudition of scribes who composed legal documents.
Since the Greek stipulation is, with one exception, always general in nature, it is placed at the end of the text—following the body of the document and preceding the hypographai. In this position, it typically appears after the originally Greek clause or clauses that previously concluded the body of the document prior to the introduction of the stipulatio—namely, the kyria clause (if present) or, in its absence, the praxis clause. Whenever these two clauses are substituted by their surrogates—the kyria by the asphaleia, the praxis by the hypotheca generalis—the stipulatio commonly follows theme.
Bibl.: Mitteis (1891): 486-487, (1912): 76; Arangio-Ruiz (1946/7): 121-124; Pringsheim (1961): 194-256; Simon (1964): passim; Kaser (1971): 168-170, 538-543; (1975): 373-382; Wolff (1974): 100; (2003): 131-133; Müller (1985): 44-46; Yiftach (2021b): 171-173, 177.
[type3ne]: type3 non-Egyptian; [type3subcl]: subordinate clause; [type3pers]: details of the parties [type3att]: account of attendance [type3apel]: ἀπέλυσα
BGU I 3.25 (605, ArsPol) [3]; 13.17-18 (289, ArsN) [3]; 69 (120, ArsN); 304.22-23 (641, Herak) [3]; 308.14 (IV-VII, ArsN) [3]; II 366.21 (645 or 660, ArsPol) [3]; 373.15 (298, ArsN) [3]; 404.13 (VI/VII, ArsPol) [3]; 606.16-17 (306, PtolEu) [3]; III 725.10-11 (618, ArsPol) [3]; 726.8 (IV-VII, ArsN) [3]; 751 (IV/V, ArsN); 841 (672/87, ArsN) [3]; 873.c.7 (IV-VI, ArsN) [3]; 940.22-23 (398, Herak) [3]; 989.19-21 (226, Herak) [1]; IV 1015.15-16 (221/2, HermN) [3]; 1049.23-24 (342, PtolEu) [1]; 1062.25 (236, Ox) [3]; 1092.26 (372, Herm) [3]; 1093.28 (265, Ox) [3]; VII 1645.21 (245, Phil) [3]; 1649.25-26 (264, Phil) [3]; XI 2118.18-19 (223, Ox) [1]; XII 2147.17 (464, Herm) [3]; 2149.24 (470, Herm) [3]; 2151.19 (476, Herm) [3]; 2152.14 (512?, Herm) [3]; 2153.20 (493?, Herm) [3]; 2155.14 (481?, Herm) [3]; 2157.18 (485, Herm) [3]; 2158.7 (485?, Herm) [3]; 2159.15 (485, Herm) [3]; 2172.22 (498?, Herm) [3]; 2175.11 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 2180.23 (504, Herm) [3]; 2181.19 (509?, Herm) [3]; 2182.14 (510, Herm) [3]; 2185.17 (512?, Herm) [3]; 2186.13 (514?, Herm) [3]; 2197.21 (537, Herm) [3]; 2198.26 (545 or 560, Herm) [3]; 2202.21-22 (c. 565, Herm) [3]; 2204.26 (574, Herm) [3]; 2206.29-30 (591/602, Herm) [3]; 2208.30-31 (614, Herm) [3]; 2209.27 (614, Herm) [3]; 2210.26-27 (617, Herm) [3]; XIII 2332.21 (374, PtolEu) [3]; XVII 2675.20 (481, HermN) [3]; 2676.21 (500, Hermopolis) [3]; 2682.28-29 (481, Herm) [3]; XVII 2684.20 (555, Herm) [3]; 2685.32 (585, Hermopolis) [3]; 2687.2 (Vb, Herm) [2]; 2689.16 (VI, Hermopolis) [3]; 2693.5 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 2694.34-35 (608, Herm) [3]; 2695.26 (608, Herm) [3]; 2696.36 (616, Herm) [3]; 2698.32-33 (VII, Herm) [3]; XIX 2804.10 (488?, HermN) [3]; 2806.1 (Vs, Herm) [3]; 2808.24 (528, Herm) [3]; 2812.11 (VI, Herm) [3]; 2813.5 (V/VI, Herm) [3]; 2814.17 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 2816.16 (Vs, Herm) [3]; 2817.17 (500, Herm) [3]; 2820.17 (Vs, Herm) [3]; 2822.29 (526/7?, Herm) [3]; 2823.21 (568/9?, Herm) [3]; 2824.5 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 2828.12 (VIIb, Herm) [3]; 2830.16 (309/310, Herm) [3]; 2836.13 (Vl?, Herm) [3]; 2837.23 (582, Herm) [3]; CPR I 3.12-13 (ΙΙΙm, HerakN) [1]; 30.b.32-34 (VI/VII, Herak?) [3att]; 36.22-24 (225, Peenamis) [1]; 40.32-33 (300, Herak) [3]; 44.7-8 (IV, HerakN or ArsN) [3]; 64.27-28 (227, Peenamis) [1]; 76.31-32 (222-235, HerakN); 88v.1-4 + 132.5 (IIIe, HerakN) [1]; 103.26-27 (III, HerakN or ArsN) [1]; 107.12-13 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 109.11-12 (III, ArsN); 120.9 (III, HerakN) [3]; 123.7 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 124.2-3 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 127.4-5 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 130.5-6 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 136.1-2 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 138.4-5 (IIIf, Herak) [1]; 140.1-2 (200, HerakN) [1]; 141.11 (IIIf, Herak) [1]; 143.7-8 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 146.5 (II, HerakN) [1]; 148.3 (IIIf, HerakN); 151.2 (IIIf, ArsN) [1]; 152.1-2 (IIIf, HerakN) [3]; 156.8-9 (IIIf, HerakN) [1]; 199.4 (III, ArsN) [3]; 247.19 (335, Herak) [3]; V 8.29 (320, HermN) [3]; 14.20 (475 HerakN) [3]; 11.17 (IVe, UP) [3]; VI 73.31-32 (222/235, HerakN) [1]; VII 14.18 (305, Herm) [1]; 39.8 (405/6, Ox) [3]; 40.23 (492, HermN) [3]; 44.28 (V/VI, UP) [3]; 45.13-15 (507?, HermN) [3]; 46.15-19 (VI, Herm) [3pers] [3att] [(7)]; 47.6-7, 19 (c. 645, HerakN) [3]; 62.34 (575, Herak) [3]; 69.14-15 (VI/VII, Herak) [3ape)]; VIII 18.11-13 (III, Ox) [1]; 46.13 (IV, HermN) [3]; 47.12 (IV/V, ArsN) [3apel]; IX 2.2 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 7.9 (VI, HermN) [3]; 8.9-10 (VI, HermN) [3]; 10.2 (VI, HermN) [3]; 24.2 (VIm, HermN) [3]; 25.13 (Vm, HermN) [3]; 26.27 (545/6, HermN) [3]; 30.13 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 33.23 (566, HermN) [3]; X 24.6 (522/3, ArsPol) [3]; 25.20 (526/7?, ArsPol) [3]; 26.10 (before 532, ArsPol) [3]; 27.12 (533, ArsPol) [3]; 28.8 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; 39.20-21 (443, Herak) [3]; 107a.23-24 (396, Ther) [3]; 110.10-11 (407, ArsPol) [3]; 120.20 (523, ArsPol) [3]; XIV 2.18 (VIl/VIIe, ArsN) [3]; 12.21 (450, Herak) [3]; XVIIa 5a.10 (316, Herm) [3]; 17a.12 (321?, Herm) [1]; 19.20 (321, Herm) [3]; XIX 31.15 (Vs, HermN) [3]; 33.20 (591, ArsPol); 38.17-18 (560/575, ArsN); XXIV 20.16-19 (Vend/VIb, ArsN?); 26.15-16 (602/3, ArsPol); M.Chr. 361.19 (355, Eleph) [3]; O.Kellis 145.12-13 (294, Kellis) [3]; P.Abinn. 60.23-24 (346, Dionysias) [3]; 64.8-10, 18-19, 26 (337-350, Alex or Phil) [3, 1, 3]; P.Alex. 34.6 (IV/V, UP) [3]; 38.3 (VI/VII, Apol?) [3]; P.Amh. II 106.3 (281, Herm) [3]; 149.18-19 (VI, Ox) [3]; 150.33 (592, Ox) [3]; 151.20 (610-619/629-641, Herm) [3]; P.Ammon II 48.b, 18 (after 9.12.348, Alex?) [3]; P.Ant. I 42.28-29 (557, Lenaiou) [3]; II 89.19 (IVe, Antin) [3]; 91.12-13 (VI, AntinN?) [3subcl]; 101.b.6 (231-235, Herm) [1]; P.Athen.Xyla 6.16 (VI, HermN) [3]; 8+13.b.13 (535, HermN) [3]; 12.5-6 (VI, HermN) [3]; 17.8 (548/9, HermN?) [3]; P.Bad. II 27.10-12 (316, HermN?) [3]; IV 55.28-29 (VI/VII, Hipponon/Sephtha/Sento) [3]; 91.2.30 (471, Herm) [3]; P.Bas. II 53.21 (VIm, Herm) [3]; P.Benaki 2.23 (IVs, Kaine) [3]; P.Berl.Brash. 14.11 (304, OxN) [3]; P.Berl.Cohen 19.15 (VI, Terythis) [3]; P.Berl.Frisk 5.12 (510, Herm) [3]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 21.12 (309, KynopN) [3]; 23.17 (252, Thead) [3]; P.Berl.Möller 3.24 (540, Herm) [3]; P.Berl.Zill. 5.21-22 (417, Herm) [3]; 7.28 (574, Ox) [3]; P.Bingen 75.13 (IIIb, Ox?) [1]; 132.21-22 (541, Aphr) [2]; P.Bodl. I 32.5-6 (c. 240, Oasis Magna) [3]; 36.22 (543/558, ArsPol) [3]; 44.10 (310, UP) [3]; 45.39-40 (c. 610, Apol) [3]; 53.10 (610-641, HerakN) [3]; 60.20 (553, Herm) [3]; 73.10 (610-641, Herak) [3]; 169.18 (308 ?, Oasis Magna) [3]; P.Brook. 9.15-16 (IV, Ibion Eikosipentarouron) [3]; 10.13 (VI, Thebes) [3]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 13.15-16 (341, Herm) [1]; P.Cair.Isid. 80.21 (296, ArsN) [3]; 81.28 (297, ArsN) [3]; 82.14-15 (318, Kar) [3pers]; 83.13-14 (IIIs, UP) [3]; 84.11 (267, PtolEu) [3]; 86.9-10 (309, Kar) [3]; 87.1 (308?, Kar?) [3]; 88.5 (308, Kar?) [3]; 89.13 (308, Kar?) [3]; 90.12 (309, Kar) [3]; 91.14 (309, Kar) [3]; 92.14 (314, Kar) [3]; 93.26 (282, PtolEu) [3]; 95.10 (310, Kar) [3]; 97.14 (308, Kar) [3]; 98.17 (291, Kar) [3]; 99.25 (297, Kar) [3]; 100.19 (297, Kar) [3]; 101.12-13 (300, ArsN) [3]; 103.18-10 (313, Kar) [3]; 104.24-25 (297, Kar); 105.15 (297, Kar) [3]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.34 (514, Aphr) [3]; 67032.83-86, 104 (551, Constantinople) [4]; 67097r.72-76 (571/2, Aphr) [3att, 3subcl]; 67100.22 (506, Aphr) [3]; 67104.18 (530, Aphr) [3]; 67105.25 (532, Aphr) [3]; 67106.21-22 (539, Aphr) [3]; 67107.19 (525/40, Aphr) [3]; 67109.41-44 (565, Aphr) [3]; 67110.44-45 (565, Aphr) [3]; 67112.22 (544/5, Aphr) [3]; 67120v.1a-2 (c. 567/8, Aphr) [4]; II 67126.29-32 (541, Constantinople) [3att]; 67127.20 (544, Aphr) [3]; 67128.31 (547, Aphr) [3]; 67129.27 (549, Aphr) [3subcl]; 67158.31-32 (568, Antin) [4]; 67159.48-49 (568, Antin) [3subcl]; 67162.29-30 (568, Antin) [3subcl]; 67240.7-8 (VI, UP) [3subcl]; III 67298.29-38 (527-565, Antai/Tentyris) [3subcl] [3pers] [4]; 67300.18 (527, Aphr) [3]; 67301.33 (530, Aphr) [3]; 67302.17 (555, Antin) [3]; 67303.21 (553, Aphr) [3subcl]; 67305.27 (568, Antin) [3subcl]; 67309.56 (569, Antin) [3subcl]; 67310v. 9-10 (566-573, Antin) [3: ἑκὼν καὶ πεπεισμένος]; 67324.15-16 (VI, Aphr) [3subcl]; P.Cair.Preis. 38.12-13 (IV, UP) [3]; 41.25 (IVf, HermN) [3]; P.Charite 4.10-11 (c. 320-350, Herm) [3]; 7.21 (347, Herm) [3]; P.Col. VII 177.19 (325, Kar) [3]; 178.16 (327 Kar,) [3]; 179.27 (300, Kar) [3]; 180.13 (315/6 or 330/1, Kar) [3]; 181.19 (342, Kar) [3pers]; 182.20-21 (372/3, Kar) [3]; 183.20 (372, Kar) [3]; 184.18 (372, Kar) [3]; 188.25 (320, Kar) [3]; VIII 244.8-10 (VI, ArsPol) [3subcl][3att]; X 277.5-7 (225, Ox?) [3]; 281.22 (287, Phil) [3]; 284.21 (311, Ox) [3]; 287.18,36 (326, Ox) [3]; P.Col. Inv. 46.15 (340-410, Phil?) [3]; 185.20-21 (345, Ox) [3]; P.Coles 27.16-18 (IVb, UP) [1]; 29.11 (V/VI, OxN ?) [3]; P.Coll.Youtie II 68.35-36 (266, Ox) [3]; 71.35-36 (281, Panop) [1]; 75.14-15 (III, Herm) [1]; 80.25 (315, Ox) [3]; 83.18 (353, Ox) [3]; 89.22 (485, Herm) [3]; 90.23 (513, Herm) [3]; 92.39 (569, Antin) [3]; P.Corn. 13.23 (311, Ox) [3]; P.Corn. Inv. I 132-133.4-17 (Vl/VIe, Ox?); P.Daris 27.13 (363, OxN) [2]; P.David. 10.16 (522/3, Ox) [3]; P.Diog. 28.9-10 (223, Phil?) [3]; 29.25-26 (225, Phil) [3]; 30.21-23 (222/235, Phil?) [1]; P.Dubl. 31.20 (355, Panop) [3]; 32.14-15 (512, ArsPol) [3subcl][3pers][3att]; 33.17-18 (513, ArsPol) [3]; P.Dura 26.27-28 ? (227, Sachare) [3ne]; P.Edfou I 2.10-11 (619, Apol) [3]; 3.18 (619, Apol) [3]; P.Eirene II 6.6 (VII, ArsN) [3]; 7.20 (615, HermN) [3]; 25.17 (VIIm, Herm) [3]; 28.24 (577, ArsN) [3]; 29.25 (591-593, ArsPol) [3]; P.Erl. 68.3 (VII, Herak) [3]; 72.8 (IV, OxN) [3subcl]; 74.12 (VI, UP) [3]; P.Euphrates 6.26-29 (249, Markopolis) [1]; 8.28-31 (251, Beth Phuraia) [8]; 9.27-28 (252, Beth Phuraia) [1]; 10.19-20 (250, Karrhai) [3ne]; P.Fay. 90.22 (234, PtolEu) [3]; P.Flor. I 13.20 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 17.19 (341?, HermN) [3]; 29.11-13 (IV, HermN?) [1]; 30.24 (362, Pisais) [3]; 39.13 (396, Ox) [3]; 65.21 (570/1, OxN) [3]; 70.13-14 (VII, Herm) [3]; 90.4-5 (249, ArsN?) [3]; 96.5, 12-13 (337, HermN) [1]; III 279.19 (514, Aphr) [3]; 280.24 (514, Aphr) [3]; 281.18 (517, Aphr) [3]; 282.30 (520, Aphr) [3]; 286.28 (552, Aphr) [3]; 299.7-8 (VI, Herm) [3]; 310.12-13 (425-450, HermN) [3]; 313.17 (449, Epokion Iliou) [3]; 315.14 (435, Sesiy) [3]; 323.20-21 (525, Herm) [4]; 383 (1).31 (234/5, Antin) [3]; 383 (2).66-67 (234/5, Antin) [3]; P.Fouad I 39.12 (244-249, Ox) [3]; P.FuadUniv. 20.12-13 (200, UP) [1]; 21.33-34 (253/260, UP) [3]; 23.19 (283, Herm) [3]; P.Gascou 30.40 (565-579, Aphr) [3]; 40.26 (556, HermN) [3]; 67.11-12 (368, Kellis) [3]; P.Gen. I 9.1.19-20, 2.19-20 (252, Phebichis) [3]; 10.19 (316, Phebichis) [3]; 12.24-25 (384, Phil) [3]; 42.30-31 (224, Phil) [1]; 43.17-18 (227, PtolEu) [1]; 67.13-14 (382/3, Phil) [3]; 69.12 (386, Phil) [3]; 70.16 (372/3, Phil) [3]; II 10.19 (316, Phebichis) [3]; 116.49-50 (247, Ox) [1]; IV 190.20 (522/3?, HermN) [3]; 192.19 (532, HerakN) [3]; 194.21 (556, ArsPol) [3]; P.Genov. I 20.17-18 (319, Oasis Magna) [3]; 21.22-23 (320, Oasis Magna) [3]; P.Giss. I 49.33-35 (IIIm, Ox) [3]; 50.26-27 (259, Ox) [3]; 100.13-15 (after 272, OxN) [2]; P.Grenf. I 54.20 (378, ArsN) [3]; 58.17 (c. 561, Herm) [3]; 60.52-53 (582?, Apol); II 72.10 (308, Kysis); 74.19 (302, Kysis); 75.16-17 (308, Oasis Magna); P.Gron. 9.18 (392, UP); 10.21 (VI?, UP) [3]; P.Hamb. I 20.17 (258, Phil\Tanis) [3]; 21.2.13-14 (315, Ox) [3]; 23.38 (569, Antin) [3subcl]; 68.45 (549/50 or 564/5, Aphr) [4 + stipulatio poenae]; III 220.14 (223/4, PtolEu?) [1]; P.Harr. I 80.38-39 (249, OxN) [3]; 81.7 (VI, UP) [3]; 82.32-33 (345, Ox) [3]; 86.12 (444, OxN) [3]; P.Haun. III 55.17 (325, Dinnis) [3]; 56.19 (IV/V, UP) [3]; P.Heid. IV 330.5 (VI/VII, Ox) [3]; V 351.25 (534/5, Aphr) [3]; 352.23-24 (558, HermN) [3]; 355.21-24 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 356.11-15 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 357.22 (507, HermN) [3]; 361.33 (613, ArsPol) [3]; P.Herm. 22.19-20 (394, Herm) [3]; 25.20-21 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [3apel]; 27.9-10 (V, Herm) [3]; 30.18 (552, OxN?); 32.30-31 (VI, UP) [3subcl]; 34.32 (VII, Herm) [3]; 57.10 (IV, UP) [3]; 59.7 (after 430?, AntaiN) [3]; P.Horak 8.14 (VI, HermN) [3]; 10.26 (555, Herm) [3]; P.Iand. III 44.7 (VI/VII, UP) [3]; 48.23 (582, Ox) [3]; 48a.4 (c. 582, Ox) [4]; P.Jena II 3.5-6 (337, UP) [3]; 17.25 (515, Herm) [3]; P.Kell. I 4.15-16 (331, Kellis) [3]; 8.11-12 (362, Kellis) [3]; 30.21 (363, Kellis) [3]; 31.20 (355, Panop) [3]; 31.24 (306, Kellis) [3]; 32.14-15 (512, ArsPol) [3]; 33.17-18 (369, Kellis) [3]; 34.17-18 (315, Kellis) [3]; 37.b.14 (320?, Kellis) [3]; 38a.18 (333, Kellis) [3]; 42.27-28 (364, Kellis) [3]; 43.30-31 (374 or 387, Kellis) [3]; 44.18 (382, Kellis) [3]; 48.15 (355, Kellis) [3]; 49.13 (304, Kellis) [3]; P.Köln I 52.1.41 (263, Antin) [3]; II 102.13 (418, OxN) [3]; 104.a.24-25 (VI, Aphr) [3]; III 150.19-20 (226/242, OxN) [3]; 151.29-30 (423, KynopN) [3]; 152.21 (477?, ArsN) [3]; 154.13 (VI, HermN) [3]; 155.11 (VI, UP) [3, 7, stipulatio poenae]; 156.15 (582-602, Antin?) [3]; 157.36-37 (589, ApolHept); 158.28 (599, Herak) [3]; V 232.17 (330/338, Terenythis) [1]; VII 322.18 (VII, Herakleopolis) [3apel]; XIII 535.8-9 (III, OxN) [1]; XIV 587.3 (Vf, Ox) [2]; 589.5 (VI, Antin) [3]; P.Kramer 15.17 (629?, Herm) [3subcl]; P.Laur. I 7.11 (VI, HermN); II 29.9-10 (VI, Herm) [3]; III 74.26 (IIIl, Ox) [2]; 75.29 (574, Ox) [3]; IV 163.9-10 (279, UP); 165.15-16 (305, Ox) [3]; 176.17-18 (316, OxN?) [(2)]; P.Leid.Inst. 50.12-13 (211/2, OxN) [1]; 54.10-11 (272, Ox) [3]; 66.12-15 (427, Ox) [3]; P.Lips. I 3.14-15 (256, Herm) [3]; 4.31-32 (293, Herm) [1]; 6.2.18 (306, Herm) [1]; 11.9 (247, Herm?) [3]; 13.21 (364, Herm) [3]; 17.26 (377, Herm) [3]; 18.22-23 (308, Herm) [3]; 19.27 (320, Herm) [3]; 20.19 (381, Herm) [3]; 22.26 (388, Herm) [3]; 23.27-28 (374, Herm) [3]; 24.10 (IV, Herm) [3]; 26.12-13 (IVb, Herm?) [3]; 28.23 (381, Herm) [3]; 29.17 (295, Herm) [3pers]; P.Lond. I 77.68-70 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [4]; 113.4.25 (595, ArsPol) [3]; 113.6a.24 (612/627, ArsPol) [3]; 113.6b.38 (633, ArsPol) [3]; 113.6c.35-36 (620 or 635, ArsPol) [3]; II 483.89-94 (615/6?, ApolHept) [4]; III 870.17-18 (IV, Panop) [3]; 939.16-17 (225, Herm) [3]; 943.12 (227, Herm) [3]; 954.20-21 (260, Herm) [3pers]; 975.18-19 (314, UP) [3]; 976.11 (315, UP) [3]; 979.21 (346, Herm) [3]; 991.22-23 (481, UP) [3apel]; 1001.27 (539, HermN) [3]; 1017.9 (VI, Herm) [3]; 1030.4, 10 (c. 527, Herm) [3]; 1050.9 (VIl/V, Herm) [3]; 1158.4 (226, Herm) [1] [3]; 1243.16 (281, Herm) [3]; 1298.5 (231, Herm) [3]; V 1661.19-20, 23-24 (553, Aphr); 1686.43-44 (565, Aphr) [3]; 1687.17 (523, Aphr) [3]; 1689.21 (527, Aphr) [3]; 1691.20 (532, Aphr) [3]; 1692a.19-20 (555, Aphr) [3subcl]; 1692b.18-19 (556, Aphr) [3subcl]; 1693.16 (523/4, Aphr) [3]; 1694.24 (516/7 or 531/2, Aphr) [3]; 1695.20 (530/1?, Aphr) [3]; 1696.a.23 (VI, Aphr); 1696.b.16 (VIe, Aphr) [3]; 1698.11 (VI, Aphr) [3]; 1715.16 (VI, Antin) [3]; 1716.12 (570, Antin) [3]; 1722.46-47 (530, Sy) [3]; 1723.21 (577, Sy) [3apel]; 1724.67-69 (578, Sy) [3subcl][3apel]; 1727.62 (583/4, Sy) [3]; 1733.68 (594, Sy) [3]; 1735.19 (VIl, Sy ?) [3]; 1736.20-21 (611, Sy) [3apel]; 1737.20 (613, Sy) [3]; 1768.19 (VI, Herm) [3]; 1770.21 (547/562, HermN) [3]; 1771.11 (VI, HermN) [3]; 1772.25 (VI, HermN) [3]; P.Lond. inv. 2917.11 (Vend/VIb, Ta Memnonia) [3]; P.Mert. I 36.18-19 (360, Ox) [3]; 37.13 (373, PtolEu) [3]; P.Mich. IX 553.3 (284, Kar) [3]; 573.16 (316, Kar) [3]; XI 604.26-27 (223, Ox) [1]; 606.14-15 (224, Thead) [3]; 608.18 (VI, OxN) [3]; 609.36-38 (244, Teb) [3]; 610.39-41 (282, Ox) [3subcl]; 611.21-22 (412, Ox) [3]; 614.26-27 (c. 258/9, Ox) [1]; 636.20 (302, PtolEu) [1]; XIII 662.62-63 (615, Aphr) [4]; 663.36-37 (VI, Aphr) [4]; 664.39-40 (584/5 or 600/1, Aphr) [4]; 666.31 (615/631/646, Aphr) [3subcl]; 670.17 (527, Tanyaithis) [3]; 671.22 (VIm, Aphr) [3subcl]; 672.10-11 (557?, Aphr) [4]; XV 707.21-22 (185, Ox?) [1]; 719.14-15 (III, UP) [2]; 728.8 (IV/V, UP) [3]; XVIII 792.27-29 (221, Ox) [1]; P.Mich.Inv. 1354.27; P.Michael. 9.a.24 (c. 92, OxN) [3subcl]; 24.30-31 (297, Teb) [3]; 34.13 (VI, UP) [3]; 35.b.13-14 (VI/VII?, Ox) [3]; 40 (544 or 559, Aphr) [3subcl]; 41 (539-554, Aphr) [4]; 42a.34 (566, Aphr) [3subcl]; 42b.21-23 (c. 566, Aphr) [3subcl]; 43.21 (526, Aphr); 44.19 (527, Aphr); 45.65-66 (540, Aphr) [4]; 46.23 (559, Aphr) [3subcl]; 48.28 (572, Aphr) [3]; 52.g.36-40? (VI/VII, Aphr) [4]; 54.13 (VI, Aphr) [3]; 56.4 (VI, Aphr) ?; 59.6-7 (VI, Aphr) [3]; P.Monts.Roca IV 83.4 (III/IV, Ox) [3]; P.Münch. I 3.25 (580, Sy) [3apel]; 4.2.45-47 (581, Sy) [4att]; 8.38 (c. 540, Sy) [3]; 9.91-92 (585, Sy) [3att]; 11.68 (586, Sy) [3att]; 12.50 (590/1?, Sy) [3]; 13.68-72 (594, Sy) [4]; 15.14 (493 Sy) [3apel]; 16.40 (Vl, Sy) [3apel]; III 86.12 (IV, Tebetny) [3]; 89.25 (339, Herm) [3]; 91.20 (V, HermN) [3]; 93.1.5-7 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 93.2.13 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 98.29 (593/4, Ox) [3]; 100.16 (574, ArsPol) [3]; P.NagHamm. 2.11 (III/IV, UP) [1]; 63.11 (341, Diospolis Parva?) [3]; P.Naqlun II 21.20 (585, Naqlun/Alexandrou Nesos) [3]; 22.18 (623, Eleusine or Naqlun); 23.12-13 (c. 590-596, Naqlun) [3?]; P.Nekr. 5.14 (241, Kysis) [3]; 10.2.14-15 (244, Hibis) [1]; 11.12 (274, Kysis) [3]; 12.11 (245-247, Kysis) [3]; P.Neph. 29.22-23 (III/IV, HerakN) [1]; 32.18 (344, HerakN) [3]; 33.20-22 (c. 330-340, HerakN) [3]; P.NYU I 22.18 (329, Kar) [3]; 24.14-15 (373, Kar) [3]; II 9.1-2 (250, UP) [3]; P.Oslo II 35.21-22 (426, Ox) [3]; 37.18-19 (295, Phil) [3]; 41.23-24 (331, Ox) [3]; III 135.25-26 (286/293, Ox) [3]; 138.17 (323, Ox) [3]; P.Oxf. 16.17 (VI/VII, HermN) [3]; P.Oxy. I 102.20-21 (306, Ox) [3]; 103.21 (316, Ox) [3]; 138.40 (610/1, Ox) [3]; 140.29 (550, Ox) [3]; VI 905.19-20 (170, OxN) [3pers]; 909.32-33 (225, Ox) [3]; 912.36-37 (235, Ox) [3]; 913.21 (443, Ox) [3]; 914.19 (486, Ox) [3]; 988r.1.19-20, 2.41-42 (224, Ox) [1]; VII 1036.35-37 (272, Ox) [3subcl, 3pers]; 1037.18-19 (444, Ox) [3]; 1038.33 (568, Ox) [3]; 1040.32-35 (225, Ox) [1]; 1041.21 (381, Ox) [3]; 1042.29-30 (578, Ox/Justinopolis); VIII 1126.18 (V, Ox) [3]; 1129.15 (449, Ox) [3]; 1130.25 (484, Senokomis) [3]; IX 1200.37-38 (266, Ox) [1]; 1206.19 (335, Ox) [3pers]; 1208.17,25 (291, Ox) [1, 2]; 1209.28-30 (252, Ox) [1]; X 1273.19-22, 40-41 (260, OxN) [2, 1]; 1276.20-21 (249, Ox) [1, 3]; 1280.14 (IVl, Ox) [3]; XII 1423.11-12 (IVm, OxN) [3]; 1475.34-35 (267, Ox) [1]; XIV 1626.22 (325, Ox) [3]; 1631.33-34 (280, Ox) [3]; 1636.37-38 (249, Ox) [1]; 1640.2.12-13 (252, Ox) [3]; 1642.1-9 l. 9 (289, Ox) [3]; 1643.15-16 (298, Ox) [3]; 1689.39-41 (266, Ox) [3]; 1695.31-32 (360, Ox) [3]; 1697.34-36 (242, Ox) [1]; 1698.13, 26-27 (269, Ox) [1, 2]; 1702.17-18 (290, Ox) [1]; 1704.22 (298, Ox) [1]; 1705.10-11, 18 (298, Ox) [3 ,2]; 1708.18-19 (311, Ox) [3]; 1711.20-21 (IIIl, Ox) [3pers]; 1713.19-20 (279, Ox) [3]; XVI 1889.25 (496, Ox) [3]; 1890.15-16, 17 (508, Ox) [3att]; 1891.21 (495, Ox) [3]; 1892.37 (581, Ox) [3]; XVI 1895.16 (554, Ox) [3]; 1957.17 (430, Ox) [3]; 1966.22 (505, Ox) [3]; 1968.10 (VI, Ox) [3]; 1970.29 (554, Ox) [3]; 1973.18 (420, Ox); 1976.21 (582, Ox); 1983.22-23 (535, Ox) [3]; XVII 2109.50-51 (261, Ox) [3subcl]; 2136.16-17,18-19 (291, PtolEu) [3]; 2137.38-39 (226, Episemou Epoikion) [3]; XIX 2236.38-40 (IIIe, Ox) [1]; 2237.20 (498, Ox) [3pers]; XX 2270.3-4, 14 (V/VI?, Ox) [2, 3]; 2284.b.13-14 (258, Ox) [3pers]; XXII 2350.1.28-30, 3.21-23 (224, Ox) [1]; XXXI 2585.19-20 (315, Ox) [3]; 2586.51-52 (264, Ox) [3]; XXXVI 2769.31 (242, Ox) [3pers]; 2795.28-30 (250, Ox) [3]; XXVIII 2859.26-27 (301, Ox) [3pers]; XLI 2951.1-5 (267, Ox) [Latin, slave sale]; 2977.50-51 (239/40, Ox) [3pers]; 2989.28-30 (III, Ox) [1]; XLII 3049a.20, b.26-27 (247, Ox) [3pers]; XLIII 3122.20-21 (322, Posompes) [3]; 3143.21 (305, Ox) [3]; 3144.11-12, 16 (313, Ox) [3pers., 2]; 3145.13-14 (IVe, Ox) [3]; 3146.20 (347, Ox) [3]; XLIV 3203.24 (400, Ox) [3]; XLV 3254.22 (312/3, Ox) [3]; 3257.17 (318, Ox) [3]; 3260.26 (323, Ox) [3]; 3266.22 (337, Ox) [3]; 3270.20 (309, Ox) [3]; XLVII 3354.51 (c. 257, Nomou Epoikion/Senepta) [3]; XLVIII 3386.26 (338, Ox) [3]; 3389.16-17 (343, Ox) [3]; XLIX 3498.21-22, 38 (274, Ox) [2, 1]; 3512.21 (492, Ox) [3]; L 3597.37 (260, Ox) [3]; 3599.21 (460, OxN) [3]; LVIII 3952.50 (610, Ox) [3]; 3958.34 (614, Ox) [3]; LXI 4117.18-20 (240, Ox) [1]; 4125.29-30 (322, Ox) [3]; 4132.37-38 (619, Ox) [3]; LXII 4350.15 (576, Ox); LXIII 4394.237 (494, Alex) [3]; 4395.27-28 (499, Ox) [3]; 4398.30 (553, Ox) [3]; LXIV 4439.31-33 (258/9, Ox) [3pers]; LXVI 4530.17, 36-37 (288?, HerakN) [3]; 4535.34-35 (600, Ox) [3]; LXVIII 4595.38-40 (261, Ox) [3]; 4597.23 (294, Ox) [3pers]; LXIX 4746.4-5 (244-249, Ox) [3]; 4747.22-23 (296, Ox) [3subcl]; 4748.16 (307, Ox) [3]; 4750.19 (307, OxN) [3]; 4751.15 (310, Ox) [2, 3]; 4752.18 (311, OxN) [3]; 4753.27 (341, Ox) [3]; LXXI 4835 (574, Ox) [3]; LXXII 4897.17-18 (391, Ox) [3]; 4902.13-14 (415, OxN?) [3]; 4907.15 (422, HerakN?) [3]; 4913.17 (462, Ox) [3]; 4930.22-23 (614, Ox) [3]; LXXIII 4966.15 (371, Ox) [2]; 4967.16 (VIl/VIIe, Ox) [3]; LXXV 5058 (257/8, Ox); 5070 (605/6 or 620/1, Ox) [3]; LXXVII 5123.18 (555, Ox); 5124.25 (579-595, Ox) [3]; LXXIX 5209 (267, Ox) [3]; 5211.1.19-20 (303, Ox) [3pers]; LXXXI 5288.27 (570, Ox) [3]; LXXXIII 5370.6 (VI, Ox) [3]; 5380.c.3 (580, Ox) [3]; LXXXIV 5473.b.5 (561, Ox) [3]; 5474.48 (617/8, Ox) [3]; P.Oxy.Hels. 42.10-11 (279-282, OxN) [3]; P.Panop. 6.11 (336, PanopN) [3]; 8.14 (338, PanopN) [3]; 9.9 (339, PanopN) [3]; 11.9-10 (320, Panop) [3]; 12.10 (339, Panop) [3]; 13.10 (339, Panop) [3]; P.Par. 21.52-53 (616, This) [3]; 21 bis.29-30 (592, This) [3]; P.Paramone 18.27 (620, Herm) [3subcl]; P.Pintaudi 32.11-12 (224, Ox?) [3pers]; P.Prag. I 34.b.4-5 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; 46.17-18 (522, Antin) [3]; II 158.13 (V/VI, Herm) [3]; 160.12 (VIm, Herm) [3]; 161.10 (Vl/VIe, ArsN?) [3]; 168.2 (VI, HermN) [3]; 169.11 (VI, ArsN ?) [3]; III 218.14 (c. 610/1?, ArsN) [3]; P.Princ. II 84.2-3 (V?, HermN?) [4]; III 145.10 (VI, UP) [3]; 177.3 (202, UP) [3]; P.Rain.Cent. 82.28-29 (304/5, HerakN) [3]; 86.20 (381, HerakN) [3]; 123.19-20 (478, Phebichis) [3]; 131.4 (630-645, ArsN) [3]; P.Rein. II 105.11 (432, Ox) [3]; 108.15 (VI, Ox) [3]; P.Ross.Georg. III 28.19 (343/358, ArsN) [3]; 32.14 (504, ArsPol) [3]; 33.22-23 (522, Aphr) [3]; 36.22 (537, Aphr) [3]; 40.26-27 (588, Sesiy) [3]; 44.8 (VI, Antai/Aphr) [3]; 51.26 (630, ArsPol) [3]; 53.31 (630, ArsPol) [3]; V 37.12 (VIm, Aphr) [3]; 42.23 (602, HermN) [3]; P.Ryl. II 100.15 (238, MagdMir) [3]; 177.14-15 (246, Herm) [1]; IV 683.35-36 (244, Ox) [3pers]; P.Sakaon 58.24 (299, Thead) [3]; 59.16 (305, PtolEu) [3]; 60.16-17 (306, PtolEu) [3]; 61.14-15 (299, Thead) [3]; 62.11 (328, Thead) [3]; 63.5 (302/3, Thead) [3]; 64.15 (307, Thead) [3]; 65.19-20 (328, Thead) [3]; 66.16 (328, Thead) [3]; 69.25-26 (331, Thead) [3]; 70.15 (338, Boubastos) [3]; 71.26-27 (306, Thead) [3]; 73.18-19 (328, Thead) [3]; 94.17 (284, Thraso) [3]; 96.21-22 (303, Thraso) [3]; P.Scholl 8.21 (515, Herm) [3]; P.Select. 7.12-13 (314, Ox) [3pers]; 15.17-18 (435, Herak) [3]; 16.19 (V/VI, Herm) [3]; P.Sijp. 11a.22 (390, Kellis) [3]; 46.8 (332, Herm) [3]; P.Stras. I 4.22 (551, Herm) [3]; 10.23 (268, Herm) [3]; 30.22-23 (276, Thead) [3]; 40.53 (569, Antin) [3]; III 137.18-19 (325, Nagogis) [3]; 139.16 (276, Narmouthis) [3]; 144.20 (245, HermN) [3]; IV 186.9-10 (V/VI, HermN) [3]; 247.19 (550/1/2, Herm) [3]; V 338.22 (550, Herm) [3]; 348.3 (VI, Herm) [3]; 358.6 (IV, UP) [3]; 398.20 (553, Herm) [3]; 475.16 (507/8 or 522/3, Herm) [3]; 476.12 (VIe, Herm) [3]; 477.17 (VIe, HermN) [3]; 482.18 (542, HermN) [3]; 483.23 (512, HermN) [3]; 486.18 (504/5, HermN) [3]; 488.6 (VI, HermN) [3]; 489.7 (VI, HermN) [3]; 490.6 (VI, HermN) [3]; 493.10 (c. 525, HermN) [3]; VI 539.17 (290/1, Herm) [3]; 540.7 (VI, UP) [3]: 557.23 (291, Herm) [3]; 594.6 (293/4, Herm) [3]; 597.14 (541, HermN) [3]; VII 620v.12-13 (V, UP) [3]; 658.7-8 (VI, HermN) [3]; 670.7 (III, Alex) [3]; 672.25 (289, Herm) [1]; 673.10 (IV, ArsN) [3]; VIII 720.9 (VI, UP) [3]; 732.15 (228/9, Herm) [3]; 748.7 (III, UP) [3]; 752.14 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 753.18 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 754.19 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 755.20-21 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 756.15 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 757.18 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 758.20 (VIIe, HermN) [3]; 776.9 (IV, HermN?) [3]; 779.2 (VI, HermN) [3]; P.Tebt. II 378.30 (265, Teb) [3]; P.Thomas 28.22-23 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [type3subcl]; P.Turner 37.24 (270, PtolEu) [3]; P.Upsala 94.15-16 (408, Ox) [3]; P.Ups.Frid 5.1.29, 2.28-29 (261, Ox) [3pers]; P.Wash.Univ. I 12.5-6 (IV, OxN?) [1]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 1.42 (598?, Aphr) [3]; 4.13-14 (VIs, Aphr) [4]; 5.c.14-15 (VI, Aphr); 7.22 (546/547, Aphr) [3subcl]; P.Vind.Bosw. 6.6, 19 (250, Herm) [3]; 10.9 (IV, HermN) [3]; 12.16 (286/7, Herm) [3]; P.Vind.Sal. 8.33 (323, HermN) [3]; 9.14-15 (509, Herm) [3]; P.Vind.Sijp. 9.18-19 (V, Marmarike) [3]; 10.20 (V/VI, ArsN) [3subcl]; 11.21-22 (453, Herm) [3]; 13.22 (372, Herak) [3]; P.Vind.Tand. 23.12-13, 37-38 (225, HerakN) [1]; 28.28 (576/7, Herm) [3]; P.Vindob. G 13263 + 13376 + 14694.24 (498, Herm) [3]; P.Vindob. inv. G. 13349. 8 (VI, Herm) [3]; 13458.6 (VI, Herm) [3]; P.Warr. 10.30 (591/2, Ox) [3]; P.Wash.Univ. I 12.5-6 (IV, UP) [1]; P.Wisc. I 7.39-40 (259/260, Ox) [3]; 10.17 (468, Ox) [3]; 11.29 (646, Ox) [3]; 15.11-12 (236, Ox) [3subcl]; II 58.18-19 (298, PtolEu) [1]; 59.19 (298, PtolEu) [1]; P.Yadin 17.16, 38-39 (128, Maoza) [1]; 21.27-28 (130, Maoza) [3ne]; 22.29-30 (130, Maoza) [3ne]; P.Yale I 71.16 (456, Ox) [3]; 72.7 (V, Ox) [3]; PSI I 34.19-20 (397, Herm) [3]; 63.32 (624?, Ox) [3]; 66.33-34 (V?, HermN) [3]; 77.33 (551, Ox) [3]; III 176.15 (V?, Ox) [3]; 178.10-11 (291, Ox) [3]; 182.29-32 (234, Ox) [1]; 188.13 (540, HermN) [3]; 239.31-32 (601, Ox) [3]; IV 283.25 (550, Aphr) [3]; 287.25 (377, Ox) [3]; 300.23 (324, Ox) [3]; 316.21 (328, Ox) [3]; V 466.22 (518, Ox) [3]; 467.19 (360, Ox) [3]; VI 702.17-18 (III, Ox) [1]; 705.12 (IIIl, Ox); 707.22-23 (351, Ox) [3subcl]; 709.26 (566, Ox) [3]; 729.a.4, – b.4 (77?, UP) (Latin); VII 771.19 (321, Ox) [3]; VIII 799.5 (VI, Herm) [3]; 881.10 (VI, OxN) [3]; 882.8 (337, OxN?) [3]; 934.14 (VI, Aphr) [3]; 963.28 (579, Ox) [3]; 964 (520/1 or 535/6 or 550/1, OxN) [3]; IX 1037.31 (301, Ox) [3pers1]; 1056.21 (VII, ArsN) [3]; 1068.21-22 (246, Ox) [3]; 1069.27-29 (246, Ox) [3pers]; 1078.28 (356, Lenonos) [3]; X 1122.30 (VI, OxN) [3]; XII 1239.21 (430, Antin) [3subcl]; 1249.38-40 (265, Ox) [1]; 1250.26-27 (265, Ox) [3pers]; 1251.28-29 (252, Ox) [3]; XIII 1338.20 (299, Ox) [3]; 1340.19 (420, Petne) [3]; XIV 1427.24 (565, Ox) [3] 1443.1-5 (IIIs, UP) [3]; PSI Congr. XX 14.13-14 (III, UP) [1]; SB I 422.5?-10 (222-238, Memphis); 4370.38-39 (229, HerakN) [1]; 4491.13 (VI/VII, ArsN); 4493.9 (VI/VII, ArsN); 4496 (593, ArsPol) [3]; 4498.21-22 (VI, ArsPol) [3]; 4501.12 (V, ArsN) [3]; 4504.26 (613, This) [3]; 4505.27-28 (606, This) [3subcl]; 4652.7 (304, Oasis Magna) [3]; 4661.16 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 4670.8 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 4675.10 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 4681.8 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 4683.10 (VI/VII, HermN) [3]; 4727.9 (IV-VII, ArsN) [3]; 4753.12 (523, ArsPol) [3]: 4822.6-7 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 5112 (618, Apol) [3subcl]; 5113.39-40 (VII, Apol) [3subcl]; 5114.47 (630-640, Apol) [3]; 5139.7 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 5285.43 (607, PanopN) [3]; 5286.31-32 (607, Panop) [3]; 5325.3 (IV-VII, UP) [3]; 5679.20-21 (307, Oasis Magna) [3]; III 6612.18 (365, OxN) [3]; IV 7369.28 (512, Herm) [3]; 7375.24-25 (222-235, Panop) [1]; 7443.21-22 (285, Ox) [3subcl]; 7444.16 (327, Ox) [3]; 7467.18 (221, Phil) [3]; V 7758.31 (497, MagdBou) [3]; 7814.35 (256, Ox) [3pers]; VI 8986.35-36 (641, Apol) [3]; 8987.26 (644/5, Ox) [2vbyz]; 9085 inv. 16048 l. 21 (565, Herm) [3]; 9085 inv. 16055 l. 32 (589, Herm) [3]; 9151.7-8 (c. 600, Herm) [3]; 9154.18 (VII/VIII, Herak) [3apel]; 9155.16-18 (223, ArsN) [1]; 9214.19-20, 28-29 (311, Ox) [2, 3]; 9219.21 (319, Herm) [1]; 9269.26 (304, PtolEu) [3]; 9270.17-18 (337, UP) [3]; 9280.21 (IVs, ArsPol) [3]; 9282.10-11 (c. 500 HerakN) [3]; 9293.22 (573, ArsPol) [3]; 9311.16 (374, Kar) [3]; 9461.27 (632, Boubastos) [3]; 9462.21-22 (c. 657, Herak) [3apel]; 9561.28 (590, Ox) [3]; 9587.40 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 9588.12 (VII, ArsN) [3]; 9589.16 (VIl, ArsPol) [3]; VI 9590.1-9 (VI/VII, Herak) [3att]; 9593.26 (VI/VII, Herak) [3]; VIII 9769.28 (VII, ArsPol) [3]; 9770.10 (511, ArsN) [3]; 9772.17 (VI, ArsN?) [3]; 9773.19 (540, Herak) [3]; 9778.19 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 9873.11 (244, Oasis Magna) [3]; 9876.16 (534, Herak) [3]; 9907.25-26 (388, Herm) [3]; 9919.9-10 (IIIl, OxN) [3]; 9931.21 (405, Herm) [3]; X 10728.14-15,21 (318, Ox) [2, 3]; 10784.17-18 (330-340, Oasis Magna?) [3]; 10982.20 (288, Phil) [3]; 11024.19-20 (328, ArsN) [3]; XIV 11277.30-31 (225, Nilopolis) [1]; 11278.12-13 (316, Ox) [3]; 11373.15 (513, Herm) [3]; 11385.19 (326, ArsN) [3]; 11386 (288, PtolEu) [3]; 11703.7-8 (IIIl, HerakN) [1]; 11705.16-18 (213, ArsN) [1]; 11711.24-25 (332, Herm) [3]; 11855.31 (547?, Aphr) [3]; 11907.22-24 (239, PtolEu) [1]; 12021.16 (377, Ox) [3]; 12023.16 (II, Teb) [3]; 12049.19 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 12050.30 (498, Herm) [3]; 12052.14 (545/560, Herm) [3]; 12088.27 (346, Ox) [3]; 12109.15 (377, Kar) [3]; 12132.16 (VI, Herm) [3]; 12190.19 (297, UP) [3]; XVI 12378.24-25 (504, HermN) [3]; 12486.21,24 (470, HermN) [3: debtor and surety]; 12489.13 (Vm, HermN) [3]; 12491.16 (VI/VII, HermN) [3]; 12492.28-29 (638, HermN) [3]; 12583.23 (500, Ox) [3]; 12639.27-28 (VI, ArsN) [3]; 12836.29-31 (225, Ankyron Polis) [1]; 12864.15 (506, Herm) [3]; 12946.10,19 (474, Antin) [2, 3]; 13037.20 (522/3, HermN) [3]; 13071.18-22 (223-235, PtolEu) [4]; XVIII 13173 (629 or 644, Herm) [3subcl]; 13305.35-37 (271, Kar) [3pers]; 13320.95 (613-641, Aphr) [4]; 13584.21 (VIm, Herm) [3]; 13585.5 (450/549, Herm) [3]; 13586.14 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 13620.14 (473, Herm) [3]; 13885.24 (547 or 562, ArsPol) [3]; 13947.16 (507, OxN) [3]; 13962.10 (630-645, ArsN) [3]; 13964.8-9 (VIIe, ArsN) [3]; 13974.14 (after 250, ArsN) [1]; 13997.12 (VIIb, ArsN) [3]; 13999.3 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 14001.24 (486?, ArsN) [3]; XX 14110.20 (VI, Ox) [3]; 14240.14 (VI, Aphr) [3]; 14293.21-22 (383, Kellis) [3]; 14298.15 (IV, UP) [3]; 14379.28 (320, Kar) [3]; 14416.16 (VI, HermN/AntinN/AphrN) [3]; 14585.14-15 (319, UP) [3]; 14628.10-12 (214/5, Ox) [3pers]; 14680.20-22 (225, Phil) [1]; 15008.23 (578, Herak) [3]; 15027.8 (475, OxN) [3]; 15043.10 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; XX 15202.19 (VIf, Aphr) [3]; XXII 15245.5 (VI, ArsN) [3 15728.19-20 (347, Euh) [3]; 15322.13 (535, HermN) [3]; 15327.12-13 (III/IV, Kar) [1]; 15729.40 (639, ArsPol) [3]; 15493.14 (435?, Sesiy) [3]; 15595.11 (VI/VII, HermN) [3]; 15618.17-18 (427/8?, Alabastrine) [1]; 15620.15 (424, Alabastrine) [3]; XXIV 15923.11 (VIl/VIIe, HermN?) [3]; 15925.13 (VIe, Ox) [3]; 15959.11 (VIf, Aphr) [3]; 15965.18-19 (III/IV, Kar) [1]; 16109.2 (VI, HermN) [3]; 16112.4 (VI, HermN) [3]; 16128.4-5 (V, OxN) [3]; 16190.7 (VI/VII, ArsN) [3]; 16191.5 (VI/VII, AntinN) [3]; 16265.10 (259/60, OxN) [3]; 16320.21 (293-304, Kellis) [3]; XXVI 16487.3 (VI, HermN) [3]; 16488.4 (VI, ArsN/HerakN) [3]; 16662.9 (VI, AntaiN) [3]; 16752.13 (494/5, OxN) [3]; 16756.11 (IV/V, UP) [3]; 16819.27 (332, Herm) [3]; XXVIII 16865.8 (VII, ArsN) [3]; 16895.27-29 (IVf, HermN) [1]; 16909.17 (420, Ox) [3]; 16986.4-5 (V, UP) [2]; 17004.3 (Vm, Ox) [3]; 17014.6 (528/9?, Herak) [3]; 17196.21-22 (426, Ox) [3]; 17201 (VI/VII, Herm) [3]; 17208.15 (IVl/Ve, Herak) [3]; XXX 17328.10 (546/561, Herak); 17338.22 (621, ArsPol) [3]; 17622.13 (293, Herm); 17623.19 (293, Herm); 17667.17 (603, HerakN); SPP I p. 77-78, II ll. 27-28 (454, Antin) [3]; II p. 33, l. 16 (328, Herm) [3]; V 119r3.25-26 (266, Herm) [3]; 119r5.24 (after 266, Herm) [3]; 119r7.26 (266, Herm) [3]; X 101.9 (IV/V, HermN) [3]; XX 29.40-42 (227, HerakN) [1]; 35.15-16 (235, HerakN) [3]; 45.13 (237, Mochchyris) [3]; 47.22-23 (238, HerakN) [1]; 51.18-19 (238, ArsN) [3]; 53.29 (246, Herak) [3]; 55.13-14 (250, HerakN) [3]; 72.18 (271/272, Herm); 74.18 (after 276?, Herm) [3]; 79.3-4 (321, HermN) [3]; 104.4 (383, UP) [3]; 110.27 (425/450 or 408/422, Herm) [3]; 113.5 (401, UP) [3]; 114.18 (421, Alex) [3]; 117.15 (411, Koba) [1]; 121.36 (439, Herm) [3]; 123.26 (445, Herak) [3]; 139.17 (531, ArsPol) [3]; 142.21-22 (543, ArsPol) [3]; 145.9 (VIs, ArsPol) [3]; 148.20 (VI, HerakN) [3]; 218.38 (VIIe?, HermN) [3]; 219.36 (604, ArsPol) [3]; 220.34 (618, ArsPol) [3]; 269. (VI/VII, UP) [3]; T.Varie. 2.8 (VII, UP) [3]; 10.8-9 (VIII, Ox).
4. Oath
Category: Envelope
Oaths are used in Greek legal documents from Egypt in three specific contexts. In [Type1] affirmations, the document records the conveyance of allotment land and [Type1a] does the same in sales of slaves. This type of oath is common in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Among these documents, the most formulaically standardized are oaths relating to the conveyance of catoicic land from first-century BCE and first-century CE Herakleopolites and Oxyrhynchites. Cf., e.g., BGU VIII 1738.3-27 (72 BCE, Herakleopolis): ὀμ]νύομε̣ν [β]ασιλέα Π̣τ[ο]λεμαῖον | 4 καὶ βασίλισσαν Κλεοπάτρα[ν τὴ]ν κα[ὶ Τρύφαι]ν̣αν θεοὺς Φιλοπά|5τορας καὶ Φι̣[λ]αδέλφους καὶ [θεὸ]ν Φιλο[μήτο]ρα καὶ θεὸν Σωτῆρα | 6 καὶ θεὰν Εὐ[έρ]γετιν καὶ θεὸν Εὐεργέτη[ν] καὶ θεὸν Νέον Φιλο|7πάτορα καὶ θ̣εὸν Εὐ̣π̣άτορα κ̣α̣ὶ̣ θ̣εοὺς Ἐπιφ̣α̣νεῖς καὶ θεο[ὺ]ς | 8 Φιλοπάτορας καὶ θεοὺς Εὐεργέτας καὶ θεοὺς Ἀδελφοὺς καὶ θεοὺς | 9 Σωτῆρας καὶ τὸν Σάραπιν καὶ τὴν Ἶσιν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους [θ]εοὺς [πάντας] | 10 καὶ πάσας | | 11 Χαιρήμων Ἡρακλείδου Μακεδὼν τῶν κατοί[κων ἱππέων] | 12 καὶ ὁ υἱὸς Ἡρακλείδης Μακεδὼν [δ]ιάδ[οχος τοῦ πατρικοῦ] | 13 κλήρου Ἀπολλωνίῳ Εὐβούλ[ου Μακεδόνι τῶν κατοίκων] | 14 ἱππέων ἐμμενεῖν καὶ ποιήσ[ειν σοί τε καὶ τοῖς παρὰ σοῦ] | 15 πάντα τὰ κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ὁμ̣ο̣λ̣ο̣γ̣ί̣[ου συγγραφὴν ἣν τεθεί]|16μεθά σοι διὰ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀγορ[α]νο[μίου ἅμα τῆι χειρογραφίαι] | 17 ταύτηι ἀναφ̣ε̣ρ̣[ομέ]νηι, καθʼ ἣ[ν ἀνωμολογήμεθα ὁ μὲν] | 18 ἡμῶν Χαιρήμω[ν τ]ο̣ῦ̣ ὑ̣π̣ά̣ρ̣χ̣[οντος αὐτῶι περὶ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣] | 19 σταθμοῦ τό̣πω[ν ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ εὐδοκεῖν τῇ μετεπιγραφῇ], | 20 τὸν δὲ ἕτερον συνευ̣[δ]οκεῖν [τῆι παραχωρήσει καὶ πᾶσιν ἃ] | 21 δηλοῦνται διὰ τῆς̣ συγγραφ[ῆς, καὶ μηδὲ παρασυγγρα]|22φήσειν μηδὲ κακοτεχν[ήσ]ε̣ιν τ[ι τῶν διὰ τῆς συγγρα]|23φῆς ἢ τῶν ἐν τῇ χειρογραφίᾳ ταύτῃ [γεγραμμένων] | 24 μήτε κρίσιν μηδὲ δίκην μηδέν[α ἡμῶν γράφεσ]|25θαί σοι μηδὲ τοῖς παρὰ σοῦ ἐπὶ μη̣[δενὸ]ς ἄρ[χ]οντο[ς] | 26 μηδʼ ἐπὶ κριτηρίου περί τινος ἁπλῶς τῶν κατὰ τοὺς | 27 τόπους (‘I, Chairemon son of Herakleides, a Macedonian of the Royal Cavalrymen, and his son Herakleides, Macedonian, successor to the paternal kleros, swear by King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra, also known as Tryphaina, the Gods Philopatores and Philadelphoi, and the God Philometor and the God Soter and the Goddess Euergetis and the God Euergetes and the God Neos-Philopator and the God Eupator and the Gods Epiphaneis and the Gods Philopatores and the Gods Euergetai and the Gods Adelphoi and the Gods Soteres and Sarapis and Isis, and all the remaining Gods and Goddesses, toward Apollonios son of Eubolos, a Macedonian of the Catoicic cavalrymen, that I shall abide by, and perform for you and for those acting on your behalf all that has been set out in a deed of acknowledgement, which I have had drawn up for you at the same agoranomeion when the present act of oath (cheirographia) was submitted, through which we have reached an agreement in which one of us, Chairemon, approves the transfer of title to the stathmos belonging to him near [ ] and the other expresses his agreement to the cession and to everything reported through the document as well, and that I will neither act in contravention of, nor act fraudulently with regard to any other provision documented through the document or in this very act of oath. I will initiate neither deliberation nor court action against you or those acting on your behalf before any official or court with regard to anything whatsoever concerning the properties on site’).
[Type2] affirms obligations in contracts that prescribe long-term conduct. This type of oath is relatively common in labour contracts but also recurs in leases and marriage contracts. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XLIII 3122.6-13 (322 CE, Posompes): ὁμολογοῦμεν ὀμνύντες τὸν σεβάσμιον θε̣ῖ̣ον ὅρκον τῶν δε̣σ̣ποτῶν ἡμῶν | 7 ἀηττήτων βασιλέων τὴν γεωργίαν ποιήσασθαι, ἐμὲ μὲν τὸν Πανοτβέουν | 8 ἀρουρῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμίσους τῶν αἱρουσῶν̣ τ̣ῇ ἡμετέρᾳ συμβίου (l. συμβίῳ) Θερμούθ̣ι (l. Θερμούθει) καὶ τῇ | 9 ταύτης ἀδελφῇ Θαισοῦτι, ἡμᾶς δὲ τοὺς περὶ τὸν Ἀφύγχιον καὶ Κοπρέα εἰς τὸ καθʼ ἡ|10μᾶς μέρος ὁμοίως ἔχεσθαι τῆς γεωργίας ἑτέρων ἀρουρῶν ἑπτὰ ἡμίσους | 11 ἅσπερ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀρούρας δεκαπέντε προγεωργηθείσας ὑπὸ Κορνηλίου | 12 τοῦ τ̣[ῶ]ν περὶ τὴν Θερμούτιον καὶ Θαι[σο]ῦ̣ν̣ πατρὸς ἐπὶ τῷ προτελουμένῳ | 13 φό̣[ρῳ] ἀ̣νυπερθέτως εἰς τὸ ἐν̣ [μηδεν]ὶ μεμφθῆναι ἢ ἔνοχο[ι] εἴημεν (‘We acknowledge, taking the venerable divine oath by our lords, the ever-eternal kings, to undertake the agricultural work, me, said Panotbeous, of seven arouras and a half that are the share of your wife Thermouthis and her sister Thaisous, and you, those acting with Aphynchios and Kopreas for your share will similarly be engaged in the agricultural work of another seven and a half arouras, making a total of fifteen arouras previously cultivated by Kornelios, one of those acting on behalf of Thermouthion and the father of Thaisous, for a rent paid beforehand, without delay so that no reproach will be made in any regard, or else we will be held accountable by the oath.’)
[Type3] is a general affirmation oath, positioned at the end of the document and relating to the entire contents of the document. In [Type3], the oath may be independent or integrated into another clause (e.g., the asphaleia clause). This type of oath is especially well-attested in the Byzantine period, e.g., in CPR I 30 frag. 2.23-28 (VI/VII CE, Herakleopolis?): οἱ δὲ ὡς εἰκὸς συμβησόμενοι κάσοι διαβεβαιωθήσονται | 24 πρὸς τὰ δοκοῦντα τοῖς καλῶς καὶ εὐσεβῶς κεινομένοις (l. κειμένοις) | 25 νόμοις, καὶ ὅτι πάντα τὰ προγεγραμμένα οὕτως δώσωσιν | 26 ποιήσωσιν πληρώσωσιν φυλάξωσιν πέρατι παραδώσωσι[ν] | 27 ἐπωμόσατο ἑκάτερον μέρος τὴν ἄχραντον καὶ ὁμοού[σιον] | 28 τρίαδα (‘All the future possible causes, as are reasonable, will be guarded in accordance with what is approved by the well and piously enacted laws, and all the aforesaid terms the contracting parties shall give, do, pay, preserve, and surrender in full, each party, as it has sworn by the immaculate and consubstantial Trinity’).
In [Type4], individual contractual duties are affirmed. Cf. e.g., P.Oxy. III 483.21-27 (108 CE, Oxyrhynchos), in which an oath stating that the land is free of public or private detention rights is adopted from the scheme of the bebaiosis and the surrender clauses: καὶ [ὀ]μνύω θεοὺς Σεβα[στοὺς] | 22 καὶ τὴν Αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος Νέρου[α] | 23 Τραιανοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Δακι[κοῦ] | 24 τύχην καὶ τοὺς πατρῴους θεοὺς εἶναι | 25 τὰς προκ[ειμ]ένας ἀρούρας {ε}ἰδίας μου κα[ὶ] | 26 καθαρὰς ἀ[πὸ π]άσης κατοχῆ[ς] δημ[ο]σίας τ[ε] | 27 καὶ ἰδιοδι[κῆς] (l. ἰδιωτι[κῆς]) εἰς τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέρα[ν] (‘I swear by the Divine Augusti and the Tyche of Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajanus Augustus Germanicus Dacicus and the paternal gods that the aforementioned arouras are my own and are unencumbered by any type of lien, public or private, to the present day’).
Bibl.: Kunkel (1931): 303-306; Seidl (1935): 114-128; Taubenschlag (1955): 417; Scheuble-Reiter (2014): 25, 30-31; Anagnostou-Canas (2017): 51-65.
BGU II 543.2-11 (27A, Haueris) [1]; VIII 1736.2-11 (78A, Herak) [1]; 1737.3-16 (78/77A, Herak) [1]; 1738.3-17 (72A, Herak) [1]; 1739.3-9 (72A, Herak) [1]; 1740.1-8 (80A-30A, Herak) [1]; XX 2843.1-8 (72A, Herak) [1]; CPR I 30.b.23-28 (VI/VII, Herak?) [3]; 224.2-15 (6 SokN) [1]; 225.7-10 (231/2 Herak) [1]; XIX 44.8-9 (V/VI, Alex) [2/4]; P.Bingen 48.9-10 (78A, Herak) [1]; 50.1-5 (IA, HerakN) [1] P.Cair.Masp. I 67001.32-34 (514, Aphr) [3: in asphaleia]; 67032.74-80 (551, Constantinople) [3]; 67115 passim (527-565, Aphr) [3: concluding, in asphaleia]; II 67158.27 (568, Antin) [3: in asphaleia]; III 67340.66-72 (VI, Antin) [2: contract of labour]; P.Cair.Zen. I 59133.5-11 (256A, Phil) [2: contract of labour]; P.Col. VIII 222.1-41 (160/1, Ox) [1a: sale, slave]; P.Corn. Inv. I 132-133.2 (Vl/VIe, Ox?); P.Duk. inv. 728.13-15 (518-527?, UP); P.Freib. III 32.3-10 (179/8a , Phil) [1a: contract of sale]; P.Giss. I 39.9-12 (205A-180A, Thebes) [3: affirmative]; P.Gascou 30.27-31 (565-579, Aphr) [3]; P.Herm. 35.11-19 (VII, Herm) [4: confirmation of sale]; P.Hib. II 204.13-14 (246A-221A or 221A-205A, UP) [2: contract of labour]; P.Köln III 156.10-14 (582-602, Antin?) [2, 4: no breach, penalty]; 157.29-34 (589, ApolHept); VIII 345.5-11 (230/29A, Thead) [2: lease]; 350.44-48 (143A, Krokodilopolis) [4: no suit]; XIV 577.3-8 (198-209, ArsN) [2/4]; P.Lond. I 77.70-75 (c. 610, Hermonthis) [4: oath of not having property]; II 301.3-15 (138-161, UP) [2]; 483.83-88 (615/6, ApolHept) [4: complying, no suit, then penalty]; P.Mert. III 125.4-7 (VI, OxN?) [abiding by the terms of the contract]; P.Mich. IX 545.6-24 (88/9, Kar) [2: cultivation of land]; XX 803.7-18 (367, Ox) [2: skipper]; 813.8-18 (373, Ox) [2: skipper]; 814.6-15 (373, Ox) [2: skipper]; 815.5-14 (365?, Ox) [4: abiding by the terms of the diairesis]; P.Münch. I 8.34-38 (c. 540, Sy) [3: asphaleia oath]; 12.46-49 (590/1?, Sy) [2: all obligations clause]; P.Oxy. I 100.3-12 (133, Ox) [1a, sale]; 138.33-37 (610/1, Ox) [3: keeping the terms of the contract, concluding]; II 263.4-16 (77, Ox) [1a]; III 483.21-27 (108, Ox) [4: quasi bebaiosis]; XLI 2969.6-17 (323, Ox) [2]; 2993.1-6 (323?, Ox) [2]; XLIII 3122.6-13 (322, Posompes) [2: obligations, labour]; XLIX 3482.28-39 (73A, Ox) [1]; LXI 4530.2-11, 26-33 (288, HerakN) [2: obligations, labour]; P.Oxy.Elmagh. 11.3-14 (266?, Ox) [2: obligations, contract]; P.PalauRib. 10.2-5 (II, Ox); P.Prag. II 163.1-4 (222, UP) [3: self-imprecation]; P.Ryl. II 88.6-16 (156, ArsN) [2: obligations, labour]; 95.12-14 (71/2, Ox?) [4]; P.Stras. VII 642 passim (246A-221A, HerakN) [2: contract, lease]; PSI I 64.1-4 (IIA/IA, Ox) [2: contract, marriage]; V 515.8-11 (251A, Phil) [2: contract, labour]; VI 689d.39-41 (420/1?, Ox) [2: contract, labour]; X 1122.28-29 (VI, OxN) [2: general affirmation clause]; XIII 1341.16-17 (Vb, Antin) [2: general affirmation clause]; SB VI 8986;31 (641, Apol); 8987.39-41 (644/5, Ox) [2: concluding affirmative]; XIV 11933 b (27A, PtolEu); XVIII 13173.86-89 (629 or 644, Herm) [2: affirmation]; XX 15134.10-13 (483, Ox) [no suit]; 15240.33-37 (156A, Ammonias) [general, affirmative]; XXIV 15969.1-14 (491-518, Herm) [2: sale]; SPP III 376.2 (VI/VII, HermN) [4: contract, lease, specific clause].
Section VI. Framework
1. Extract
Category: Envelope
In agoranomic sale katagraphai from late second- and early first-century BCE Pathyris, the record of the act of sale is preceded by a summary that reports key details while omitting routine formulaic contents (e.g., the date and place clause): ἀπέδοτο (vendor) + object (acc.), ἐπρίατο (purchaser) + genitive of price. Cf., e.g., P.Adler G 3 col. 1 passim (112 BCE, Pathyris): ἔ̣τ̣ο̣υ̣ς̣ [ϛ] | 2 Ἁ̣θ̣(ὺρ) ιϛ ἀπέ̣δ̣[οτο] | 3 Πα̣σῆμις Ν̣ε̣χού(του) | 4 τὴν̣ ὑπ(άρχουσαν) αὐτῷ μερ(ίδα) | 5 γῆς̣ ἠ̣π̣(είρου) λεγο̣(μένης) Τ̣έλ̣ω(νος) | 6 τ̣ὸ (ἥμισυ) καὶ φο̣ι̣νι(κῶνος) | 7 τὴ̣ν̣ αὐτὴν̣ μερ(ίδα). | 8 ἐ̣π̣ρί̣α̣τ̣ο̣ Ὧρος | 9 Ν̣ε̣χ̣ο̣ύ̣(του) χα̣(λκοῦ) (ταλάντων) β ‹(δραχμῶν)› Βφ. | 10 (seal) (‘In year [6]. Hathyr 16th. Pasemis, son of Nechoutes, sold the half share belonging to him of the ground above inundation level called Telonos and the same share of a palm grove. Horus, son of Nechoutes, bought the same for 2 talents of copper and 2,500 drachmae’) (transl.: editio princeps, p. 15). The same practice is attested in sale certificates from second- and third-century CE Mesopotamia, e.g., P.Euphrates 8.1-3 (251 CE, Beth Phouraia): ἔτους βξφ (l. φξβ) ἀπέδο‹το› Αβσαλμας Αβιδρωδακου τὴν ὑπάρχου|2σαν αὐτῷ δούλην ὀνόματι Ιμμεδαβου ἀρ̣(γυρώνητον(?))· ἐπρίατο Σ̣α̣[μ]σ̣[α]ι̣[ος] | 3 [Τε]ι̣α̣τ̣ο̣ς̣ Ἀ̣β̣ο̣υ̣ρ̣ηνου (l. Ἀβουρηνὸς) (δηναρίων) ψ (‘Year 562, Absalmas son of Abidrodakos has sold the she-slave belonging to him whose name is Immedabos, bought with silver (?). Samsaios son of Teias (?) from the village of Abourene, has purchased for 700 denarii’). An extract is also used in the scriptura interior of double documents from 133 BCE onward, e.g., P.Tebt. I 104.1-4 (92 BCE, Kerkeosiris).
Different in nature are accounts of the contents of sale documents composed in the early Roman Arsinoite grapheia. The clause opens with the title πρᾶσις καὶ ἀποστασίου with the object recorded in the genitive. The parties are then recorded in a relative clause introduced by ἣν ποιεῖται, with the vendor in the nominative and the purchaser in the dative. Cf., e.g., P.Vind.Tand. 25.9-12 (51 CE, Soknopaiou Nesos): πρ[ᾶ]σις καὶ ἀπ[ο]στ̣α̣σ[ίο]υ δεκα̣τ̣ο̣ν̣ (l. δεκάτου) μ̣έ̣ρ̣‹υ›ο̣ς̣ μ̣ητ̣ρ̣ι̣[κ]ῆ̣ς̣ οἰκ̣ίας μον̣οστήγου (l. μονοστέγου) καὶ αὐλ̣ῆς ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς λ{ε}ίβα μ̣έ̣ρους καὶ δε̣[κατ]ο̣ν (l. δεκάτου) μέρο‹υ›ς (l. μέρους) | 10 [ἄλλου] ψιλοῦ τόπου ἐν δυσ̣ὶ σφρα̣γ{ε}ῖσ̣ι̣ κ̣οιν̣ο̣ν (l. κοινοῦ) κ̣α̣ὶ̣ ἀδ̣ι̣α̣ιρετ̣ο̣ν (l. ἀδιαιρέτου) κ̣[α]ὶ̣ τ̣ῶ̣ν̣ σ̣[υνκ]υ̣ρόντων̣ π̣ά̣ντων {πάντων} ἐν τῇ Σοκνοπαίου Νήσου (l. Νήσῳ) τῆς Ἡ̣[ρακλείδο]υ̣ μερ[ί]δ̣ο̣ς, | 11 [ὧν γιτ]ωνος (l. [γείτ]ονες) αἳ πρόκειτα̣ι καὶ ἀπέ̣χω̣{ι} τὴ̣ν̣ τιμὴν̣ ̣ ̣ ̣αιο[ ̣ ἐ]κ̣ πλ̣ή̣(ρους), ἣν ποι[εῖ]τ̣α̣ι Σα̣ταβο̣ῦς Στ̣οτοήτιος Ταοννόφριος ὡ(ς) (ἐτῶν) κγ οὐ[λὴ] δ̣ακτύλῳ̣ | 12 [ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣] χειρὸς ἀριστερᾶς Σ̣τοτοῆ̣[τι Σ]α̣τ̣αβο̣ῦ̣τ̣ος μη̣τ̣ρὸ[ς] Θαή[σι]ος ὡ(ς) (ἐτῶν) με οὐλη{ι} γ̣όνασι ἀ̣μφ̣ο̣τ̣[έ]ρ̣οις (‘Sale and renunciation of a one-tenth share of a maternal one-floor house and yard to the west part, a one-tenth share of another barren land in two parcels held in joint and indivisible ownership, and all appurtenances in the village of Soknopaiou Nesos in the meris of Herakleides, the neighbours of which are the aforesaid, and I have received the price in full through a deed of sale and renunciation which Satabous son of Stotoetis, grandson of Taonnophris, age approximately 23, a scar on his – – finger of the left hand, has composed for Stotoetis, whose mother is Thaesis, age approximately 45, with scars on both his knees’). Cf. also ‘apostasion and proprasis‘.
Bibl.: Pestman (1985): 33-34.
BGU I 83.1-6 passim (II/III, UP); III 993 col. 1 (127A, Hermonthis) [agor.; testamentary disposition]; 994 col. 1 passim (113A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 996 col. 2.1-7 (112A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 997.1 passim (103A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; P.Adler 3 col. 1 (112A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 5 col. 1 (108A, KrokPat) [agor.; katag.]; 9 col. 1 (104A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 11 col. 1 (98A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 13.1.1-5 (100A, KrokPat) [agor.; katag.]; 21.1.1-11 (98A, Path?) [agor.; katag.]; P.Amh. II 51.1.1-18 passim (88A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 98.1-5 (179/211, Herm) [cheir.; sale]; P.Bad. II 10.1.1-4 (98A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; P.Batav. 6.1.1-6 (110A, Latopolis, Path) [agor.; katag.]; P.Cair.Masp. III 67301.1 (530, Aphr) [tabellio; lease]; P.Dime III 27GH, 13-21 (54, SokN) [grapheion: prasis kai apostasis]; 28GH.11-16 (55, SokN) [grapheion: prasis kai apostasis]; 40.9-14 (28?, SokN) [grapheion: ed.: συνοικ[ε]σίου φερ[νῆς];]; P.Dion. 14.40-41 (110A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 15.37-39 (109A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 16.49-51 (109A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 19.37-39 (105A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 20.25-27 (105A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 21.37-41 (113A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; 22 traces of two lines (111A, Akoris) [dd.; loan]; P.Dura 26.1-3 (227, Sachare) [katag.]; P.Euphrates 6.1-3 (249, Markopolis) [katag.]; 8.1-3 (251, Beth Phuraia) [katag.]; 9.1-3 (252, Beth Phuraia) [katag.]; 10.1-3 (250, Karrhai) [katag.]; P.Grenf. I 25.1.1-5 (114A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 27.1.1-5 (109A, KrokPath) [agor.; katag.]; II 20.1.1-4 (114A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 23a.1.1-8 (107A, KrokPath) [agor.; katag.]; P.Ifao I 23.2-4 (II, ArsN) [hypomnema; lease]; P.Köln I 50.1.1-16 (99A, Path) [agor. katag.]; P.Lond. III 879.1.1-5 (123A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 881.1.1-8 (108A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 882.1.1-6 (101A, Diospolis Parva) [agor.; katag.]; 883.1.1-15 (88A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1204.1.1-5 (113A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1206.1.1-13 (99A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1207.1.1-13 (99A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1208.1.1-5 (97A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1209.1.1-8 (89A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; P.Louvre I 9.35-38 (47/8, SokN) [graph.; sale]; P.Monts.Roca IV 79.12-15 (37-69, SokN) [graph.; sale]; P.Oxy. LXIII 4394.1-5 (494, Alex) [tabellio; loan]; P.Ryl. II 160.9-13 (28/29, SokN) [graph.; sale]; 160a.6-7, 10-16 (15-36, SokN) [graph.; sale]; 160b.7-11 (37, SokN) [graph.; sale]; IV 581 col. 1 (121A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 587.1-3 (87A, Teb) [graph.; loan.]; P.Stras. II 81.1-10 (115A, Diospolis Magna, Thebes) [agor.; katag.]; 84.1-6 (114A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 86.1-5 (111A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 87.1.1-8 (107A, KrokPat) [agor.; katag.]; 88.1.1-14 (105A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 90.1.1-10 (99A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; IX 883a passim (100A, Path) [sale]; 883b passim (c. 100A, Path) [sale]; P.Tebt. I 104.1-4 (92A, Kerkeosiris) [dd.; marriage]; 105.1-7 (103A, Kerkeosiris) [dd.; lease]; 109.1-5 (93A, Kerkeosiris) [dd.; sale]; P.Vind.Tand. 24.6-11 (45, SokN) [graph.; sale]; 25.9-12 (51, SokN) [graph.; sale]; 25a.25-26, 29-32 (II, SokN) [graph.; sale]; PSI VIII 907.1-3 (42, Teb) [graph.; sale]; 909.13-25 (44, Teb) [graph.; sale]; IX 1016.1-15 (129A, Diospolis Magna) [agor.; katag.]; 1018.1-4 (107A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; 1022.1-8 (106A, PathN) [agor.; katag.]; 1025.1-8 (104A, Hermonthis) [agor.; katag.]; SB I 5247.34-37 (47, SokN) [graph.; sale]; V 7532.1a-3a (74A, Nilopolis) [graph.; loan]; 7555 passim (154, UP) [agor.?; sale]; XIV 11408.10-11 (71A, Haueris) [graph.; sale]; 11895.7-11 (45, SokN) [grapheion; prasis kai apostasis]; 12001.1-14 passim (129A, KrokPat) [agor.; katag.]; XVIII 13238.1-7 passim (101, Haueris) [graph; sale]; XXIV 16315.1.1-4 (98A, Path) [agor.; katag.]; SPP IV pp. 53-54 I right upper margin of the document (127/6A, Thebes) [agor.; katag.]; UPZ I 125.1-3 (89A, Memphis) [dd.; loan]; II 181.1.1-10 (105A, Hermonthis) [agor.; katag.].
2. Title Line
Category: Envelope
As a rule, Greek legal documents from Egypt do not have titles. In most exceptions, the title is added to a copy of the document. In 22 documents, the terms ‘antigraphon’ and ‘exemplum’ appear without further qualification [below: AntSim]; in another 55 [below: AntCom], the above terms are followed in the genitive by the name of the document. Finally, in another 28 documents [below: ActT] only the title appears, in the nominative. The title-line clause is common in documents recording long-term rather than short-term acts. Accordingly, only 7 of the extant 1,648 lease contracts from the Ptolemaic, Roman, and Byzantine periods have a title clause; seven is also the number of labour contracts that have a title line. Thirty-five loan contracts feature a title line: most record large loans, as in the case of P.Oxy. III 506 (143 CE, Oxyrhynchos), for 1,000 drachms. In these cases, the document is occasionally titled diagraphe (12 texts). Title lines are most commonly found in documents recording land and slave sales (55 documents). Translations of Egyptian documents stand out in this group (11 documents: πρᾶσις καὶ ἀποστασίου, ἀποστασίου συγγραφὴ Αἰγυπτία, etc.), as does the format of the katagraphe (commonly titled ὠνή). Another significant group is composed of wills. One Latin will bears the title testamentum, and 14 Greek wills are titled διαθήκη. In four of these texts, the document is a Greek translation of the Roman testamentum per aes et libram. Cf. in particular BGU I 326 (189 or 194 CE, Karanis) titled ἑρμηνία διαθήκης. Cf. also anagnosis.
Bibl.: Preisigke (1910): 220-222; Kübler (1933): 97-98; Wolff (1978): 97-98; Vierros (2012a): 98-100; (2019): 210-216.
ActT: Name of the document, without Antigraphon; AntCom: Antigraphon Compositum; AntSim: Antigraphon Simplex.
BGU I 177.1 (47, ArsN) [AntSim]; 326.1.1 (189, Kar) [ἑρμηνία διαθήκης]; III 717.1 (149, ArsN) [AntSim]; 896.19-21 (161-169, ArsN) [διαθήκη]; 981.1 (after 15/4/77, DiospolN) [AntSim]; 982.1 (107, SokN) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; 997.2.1 (103A, Path) [AntCom: ὠνή]; 1002.1 (55A, Herm) [AntCom: Αἰγυπτία πρᾶσις]; IV 1013.1 (41-68, ArsN) [AntCom: διαίρεσις]; 1045.1.1 (154, Alabanthis?) [AntSim]; 1065.1-2 (8, ArsN) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; VI 1283.6 (216A/5A, OxN) [ActT: συνγραφὴ συνοικεσίου]; 1285.1 (110A, Herak) [ActT: διαθήκη]; VII 1654.1-2 (98-117, PtolEu) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; VIII 1731.1 (68/7A, Herak) [ActT: ὁμολόγιον]; 1733.1 (80A-30A, Herak) [ActT: ὁμολόγιον] 1738.1 (72A, Herak) [ActT: χειρογραφία]; 1739.1 (72A, Herak) [ActT: χειρογραφία]; XI 2111.1 (IIb, ArsN) [AntCom: χειρόγραφον]; XIII 2244.2? (186, Alex) [ActT: διαθήκη]; XV 2486.1-2 (93, Dionysias) [AntCom: διεγβολή]; XVII 2690r.2-3 (VI, HermN) [πρᾶσι(ς) (ἀρουρῶν)]; CPR I 4.1 (52, Herakleia) [AntCom: οἰκονομία]; 28.1 (110, PtolEu) [AntCom: συγγραφὴ γαμική*]; 224.1 (6, SokN) [AntCom: χειρογραφία]; XV 1.1 (3A, SokN) [AntCom: Αἰγυπτία ἀποστασίου συγγραφή]; P.Adler 7.1 (104A, Path) [AntCom: ὠνή]; P.Alex. 10.1-4 (69-79, Kar) [AntCom: diagraphe]; P.Athen. 22.1 (103/122, ArsN) [AntCom: ὁμολογία δανείου]; P.Bingen 73.1 (138-150, Teb) [AntCom: ὁμολογία] P.Cair.Goodsp. 6.2.3-6 (129A, KrokPat) [ActT: ὁμολογία ἣν ἑκὼν καὶ συνχωρήσας ἔθετο]; P.Coll.Youtie I 19.1 (44, PtolEu) [AntCom: παραχώρησις]; P.Dime III 27GD.2 (54, Nilopolis/SokN); 39GH.1-7 (11/10A, SokN) [ActT: συνγραφὴ συνοικεσίου]; P.Diog. 9.1 (186-210?, Phil?) [AntCom: διαθήκη Ῥωμαϊκή]; 10.1 (211, PtolEu) [AntCom: ed.: exemp̣l(um) test(amenti)];]; P.Eleph. 1.2 (310A, Eleph) [συγγραφὴ συνοικισίας]; P.Fam.Tebt. 3.1 (92, PtolEu) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; 16.1 (116, ArsN) [AntCom: χειρόγραφον]; 44.1 (189 Kerkesoucha Orous) [AntCom: ἀναφόριον]; P.Flor. I 46.1 (183, Herm) [ed.: ἔκλημψις̣ ἐ̣κ τῆς ἐν τῷ πρυτανείῳ̣ χωρ̣ικ(ῆς) βιβλ(ιοθήκης);]; P.Fouad I 35.1 (48, Ox) [AntSim]; 51.1 (126 Teb) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; P.Freib. II 8.1 (144, UP) [AntSim]; P.Genov. II 61.1-2 (If, ArsN) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; P.Graux II 17.3 (307, Phil) [AntSim]; P.Grenf. II 16 (136A, Path) [ἑκόντες συνεγρά(ψαντο)]; 25.2-3 (103A, Path) [ActT: ὁμολογία ἣν ἑκόντες συνχωρήσαντες ἔθεντο]; P.Hamb. I 63.1 (125/6, Thebes?) [AntCom: ὠνή]; P.Ifao I 25.1 (98-102, Teb) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; P.Kell. I 30.2 (363, Kellis) [ed.: [ -ca.?- ] ἀντ̣ι̣κα̣τ̣α[λλαγή];]; 48.1 (355, Kellis) [AntCom: ἐλευθέρωσις]; P.Köln I 54.1-2 (4A, PtolEu) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; II 100.1 (133, Pim[ ]) [AntSim]; P.Kron. 7.1-3 (106, Teb) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; 16.1 (138, Teb) [ed.: ἐξ ‹ε›ἰρομένου γραφ‹ε›ίου κώμης Τεπτύνεω(ς);]; 20.1 (146, Teb) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; P.Lond. II 277.1-3 (23 SokN) [AntCom: δάνειον ὑποθήκῃ]; 294.1 (160, PtolEu) [AntCom: συγγραφοδιαθήκη (restored)]; 333.1 (166 SokN) [AntCom: πρᾶσις]; III 1166.1 (43, Herm) [AntSim]; P.Lund. VI 6.1-2 (190-191, PtolEu) [AntCom: διαθήκη]; P.Mich. III 287.1-2 (I , Tali/Theog) [AntCom? ed.: ὁμολογί]ας πράσεως;]; V 241.1-14 l. 1 (46, Teb) [ed.: πρᾶσις καὶ ἀποστασίου οἰκίας καὶ τῶν συνκυρόντων̣ π̣άντων;]; 251.1, 4, 25-31 (19 Talithis) [AntCom: χάραγμα, ὑπογραφή]; 287.1 (I, ArsN) [AntCom: ὁμολογία πράσεως]; 570.1 (105/6, Kar) [ed.: ἀντίγραφον ὁμο]λ̣ο(γίας) ἐνοικ(ήσεως) ἐξ ‹ε›ἰρομ(ένου) τό(μου);]; XII 635.1 (71, Bac) [AntSim]; XV 700.1 (143/153, Kar) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; P.Münch. III 83.1 (IIf, ArsN) [AntCom: πρᾶσις]; 97.1 (161-180, SokN) [ἐξ εἰρομένου γραφείου]; P.Oxy. I 99.1 (55, Ox) [AntSim]; II 269.1.1 (57, Ox) [AntSim]; 271.1 (56, OxN) [AntSim]; 368.18 (43/4, Ox) [διαθήκη]; III 494.1 (156, Ox) [AntSim]; 506.1 (143, Ox) [AntSim]; 647.18 (IIf, Ox) [ed.: διαθ(ήκη) Τααρίμης Μ[ -ca.?- ];]; X 1281.4 (21, Sinary) [hypographe; AntSim]; XII 1473.20 (201, Ox) [AntSim]; XIV 1634.1 (222, Ox) [AntCom: ἀσφάλεια σὺν ταῖς ὑπὸ αὐτὴν ὑπογραφαῖς]; XLI 2972.1 (72, Ox) [AntSim]; LXVI 4532 (85, Ox) [ed.: [ἔκλημψις ἐκ τῆς τῶν] ἐνκτήσεων τοῦ Ὀξυρυγχ{ε}ίτου βιβλιοθήκης;]; P.Oxy.Hels. 31.1 (86, Ox) [AntSim]; P.Phil. I 11.1 (141, Berenikis Aigialou) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; P.Rain.Cent. 62.1 (II, SokN) [ed.: πρᾶ̣σ̣ι̣[ς β]ο̣ῶν;]; P.Ryl. II 154.1 (66, Bac) [AntCom: συγγραφή]; 160c.1.1 (32, SokN) [AntCom: πρᾶσις καὶ ἀποστασίου οἰκίας]; 160c.2.1 (32, SokN) [AntCom: πρᾶσις καὶ ἀποστασίου οἰκίας]; 173.1 (134, UP) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; P.Select. 14.1 (II, ArsN) [ἑρμηνία διαθήκης]; P.Soter. 2.48-49 (71, Thead) [AntCom: μίσθωσις]; P.Stras . VI 505.1 (107-115, Teb) [AntCom]; P.Tebt. I 164.1-3 (105A, Kerkeosiris) [AntCom: συγγραφῆς Αἰγυπτίας ̣ μεθηρμηνευμένης]; II 407.1 (after 19/1/199, Teb) [AntSim]; 465.1 (190, Teb) [AntCom: διαθήκη]; III.1 814.10-19 l. 10 (240A, KrokPat;) [AntCom: ὠνή]; 814.36-44 l. 36 (240A, Teb) [AS]; P.Tebt.Wall 5.1 (94, Teb) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; P.Vind.Tand. 25a.1 (II, SokN) [AntCom: ὑπογραφή]; PSI IV 320 + P.Mich. XVIII 784.a.1 (18, Ox) [AntSim]; V 546.2 (41A, Ox) [AntCom: Αἰγυπτία πρᾶσις]; VI 697.1 (II, Thead) [AntCom: cheirographon]; IX 1024.3 (104A, Hermonthis) [ὠνή]; 1025.14 (104A, Hermonthis) [ὠνή]; 1040.1-5 (III, Ox) [διαθήκη]; 1051.1 (26, SokN) [AntCom; συγγραφὴ δανείου]; X 1130.1 (26, Teb) [AntCom; πρᾶσις]; XIII 1330.1 (after 3.272, Ox) [AntCom; μίσθωσις]; XVII 1678.1 (Iend, HermN) [AntSim]; SB I 428.1 (99A, KrokPat) [AntSim]; 5246.1 (3/2A, SokN) [AntCom: ἀποστασίου συγγραφὴ Αἰγυπτία]; 5247.15 (47, SokN) [AntCom: συγγραφὴ Αἰγυπτία]; III 6612.1 (365, OxN) [AntSim]; XII 10924.1 (114, Thead) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; 11053 (267A?, Tholt?) [συγγραφὴ συνοικισίας, restored]; XIV 11284.1 (112-116, UP); 11410.1 (106A, Haueris) [AntCom: συγγραφὴ ὁμολογίας]; 11533.1.1-2 (102, Ars) [AntCom: ἀλληλομολογία ἐκχωρήσεως]; 11642.1 (178/9, PtolEu) [AntCom: διαθήκη]; 11847.1 (91, Ox) [AntSim]; XVI 12611.1 (109/112, PtolEu) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; 13004.1-2 (314, Thmouis) [μίσθωσις]; 13072.1 (155, SokN) [παραχώρησις]; 13838.1 (128A, Thebes) [AntSim]; XX 14477 (159A, ArsN); 14479 [τροφῖτις]; 14482; 14484.a.1-9 (158A, ArsN); 15163.1 (II, ArsN) [ὁμολογία]; XXII 15388.1 (117-161, Thead) [AntCom: ὁμολογία]; XXIV 16001.4-5 (168, Kar) [ἐκ τῆς λυθείσης αὐθεντικῆς διαθήκης]; SPP XX 50.1-2 (168/9, Aphrodite Berenike) [AntCom: παραχώρησις]; 76.2-4 (105, SokN) [AntCom: διαγραφή]; XXII 36.1 (145, Nilopolis/SokN) [ἐξ εἰρομένου γραφείου]; 48.1 (152, Dionysias) [AntCom: πρᾶσις]; UPZ II 175.1-2 (145A, Thebes) [AntCom: συγγραφὴ Αἰγυπτία]; 177.1 (136A, Thebes) [AntCom: συγγραφὴ Αἰγυπτία].
3. Agathe Tyche
Category: Envelope, Introductory
The expression ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ (‘for good fortune’), widely attested on stone, is already documented in Ptolemaic marriage documents. By contrast, in wills, the phrase is first attested in texts from Roman Oxyrhynchos. Almost all the Roman evidence stems from that nome. It appears at the beginning of the document, following the date clause. In all Roman documents but one—the privately composed document P.Oxy. XLIX 3500 (III CE, Oxyrhynchos)—the diplomatic context is agoranomic. In one case, the marriage document P.Oxy. III 496.1 (127 CE, Oxyrhynchos), it is followed by ἐ̣[πὶ Ἰο]υλίας Σ̣[εβα]στ[ῆς] (‘On the day of Julia Augusta’).
Bibl. Dimopoulou (2012): 174.
BGU VI 1283.7 (216/5A, OxN); P.Giss. 2.8 (173A, Krok); P.Köln XII 487.1 (117-138, Ox); P.Lips. II 149.2 (199, Ox); P.Oxy. I 104.3 (96, Ox); 105.1 (118-138, Ox); II 368.1 (43/4, Ox); III 489.2 (117, Ox); 490.1 (124, Ox); 491.1 (126, Ox); 492.1 (130, Ox); 494.2 (156, Ox); 495.1 (182-189, Ox); 496.1 (127, Ox); 634.2 (126, Ox); 646.1 (117-126?, Ox) [restored]; 647.1 (IIf, Ox); 649.1 (Is/II, Ox); 652.2 (Is/IIe, Ox); XLIX 3500.1 (III, Ox) LXVI 4533.1 (Il/IIe, Ox); P.Wisc. I 13.1 (IIe, Ox); SB XXIV 15921.2 (176-193, Ox); XXVI 16502.1 (304, Herm).
4. Axioumen
Category: Envelope
A distinctive feature of the Alexandrian synchoresis, ἀξιοῦμεν, is particularly common in the synchoresis of the Augustan period and is widely attested in documents published in BGU IV. The form appears exclusively at the end of the document, as it does in the synchoreseis preserved in chora in the course of the Roman period. An exceptionally long instance of the phrase is found in SB VI 9145.19-20 (184-192, Arsinoites): ἀξ(ιοῦμεν) | 20 [διὰ τῆς τοῦ Ἰουλίου Σαραπίωνος ἐπιδι]δ̣ό̣ντες. (‘We request, submitting the document through Julius Sarapion’).
Bibl.: Wolff (1978): 28-29.
BGU I 282.41 (175-180, ArsN); II 542.22 (165, Athenas Kome); III 729.19 (144, Alex); 825.11 (190/1, ArsN); IV 1050.30 (12/1A, Alex); 1058.50 (13A, Alex); 1098.53 (19-15A, Alex); 1101.23 (13A, Alex); 1107.29 (14/3A, Alex); 1108.28 (5A, Alex); 1109.30 (5A, Alex); 1112.18 (4A, Alex); 1126.27 (9A, Alex); 1127.44 (18A, Alex); 1145.1-25 l. 18 (5A, Alex); 1145.26-45 l. 44 (5A, Alex); 1146.26 (19A, Alex); 1151.2.48 (13A, Alex); 1166.18 (13A, Alex); 1170.1-23.14 (10A, Alex); 1172.17 (9A, Alex); P.Athen. 15.10 (83-96, Alex); P.Bad. II 22.13 (126, Alex); IV 86.40 (99, Hibeh); P.Fouad I 44.32 (44, Ox); P.Freib. II 8.31 (144, UP); P.Oxy. IV 727.29 (154, Alex); SB VI 9145.19-20 (184-192, ArsN).
5. Docket
Category: Envelope
In the present context, we define the docket as a brief encapsulation of the contents of the contract, recorded on the back of the text. The practice of adding some details of the transaction is attested in all periods. However, while the Ptolemaic period yields just 56 cases, and the Roman period, down to the end of the fourth century, yields 133, the Byzantine period yields 418. The upward trend may be accounted for by the types of contracts that exhibit the docket. Most of the Ptolemaic documents (32) are loans; followed by 15 documents recording sales. Only four Ptolemaic leases and three Ptolemaic labour contracts exhibit the docket. Loans still predominate in the Roman period (59), but a significant number of leases now occur (25), followed by 29 sale contracts and 13 documents recording contracts of labour. Leases become predominant in the Byzantine period (168), followed by 113 loans, 95 sales, and 38 labour contracts. The proliferation of dockets in leases thus seems a plausible explanation for the increased popularity of dockets in general during the Byzantine period.
In the docket, we encounter four key formulations:
[Type1]: the docket records the title of the contract in the nominative: ἀντιμίσθωσις, δάνειον, δάνος, διαίρεσις, ἐπιδοχή, ἐργοβολία, μίσθωσις, παραθήκη, οἰκονομία, παραχώρησις, πρᾶσις, προχρεία, ὑποθήκη, χρέος, χρῆσις, ὠνή. This type is already evident in 23 Ptolemaic documents and was particularly common in loans at that time. Cf. P.Amh. II 48v (106 BCE, Pathyris): δά(νειον) Ψενθώτης (l. Ψενθώτου) Ἀύκιος οἴνο(υ) κε(ραμίων) η. In the Roman period (30 BCE–399 CE), this formulation becomes increasingly popular in leases (now 14 out of 38). Finally, in the Byzantine period, introducing the docket by the title of the contract seems to be generally reserved for leases, which feature in 105 of the 122 recorded documents. Loans, by comparison, are recorded in six documents only. The Byzantine documentation also exhibits routine text: in SB VI 9461v (632 CE, Boubastos) the term μίσθωσις is followed by a description of the object, in the genitive, with its location introduced by ἐν in the dative. γενομένη ὑπό introduces the lessor and εἰς + the lessee: † μίσθ(ωσις) (ἀρουρῶν) ε πλ(έον) ἔλαττ(ον) ἐν πεδίῳ κώμ(ης) Βουβάστου γενομέ(νη) ὑπὸ Αὐρ(ηλίου) Εὐλογίου υ̣ἱ̣ο̣ῦ̣ Ἀ̣π̣ο̣λ̣λ̣ῶ̣ εἰς τὴν [ἁγ]ί[αν] ἐκκλ(ησίαν) τοῦ ἁγίου Κολλούθου (‘A lease of approximately five arouras in the plain of the village Boubastos, undertaken by Aurelios Eulogios, the son of Apollos, for the benefit of the Holy Church of Holy Kollouthos’).
[Type2]: in 152 texts, the text of the docket is introduced by the title of the document, which sometimes coincides with that used, in the same document, in the kyria clause: ἀλληλομολογία, ἀναφόριον, ἀπόδειξις, ἀποχή, ἀσφάλεια, ἀσφαλές, γραμμάτιον, μισθαποχή, μισθωτικόν, ὁμολογία, πάκτον, πρόσγραφον, συγγραφή, συνάλλαγμα, χειρογραφία, χειρόγραφον. This formulation, attested in just 7 Ptolemaic documents, gains momentum in the Roman period, particularly in loans (24 out of 38 texts). It became the default formulation for loans in the Byzantine period (52) and is also well attested in contracts that record the sale of fungibles (31) and in labour contracts (19). It is not used in leases, with some rare exceptions. Where it is attested in loan contracts, the term that denotes the document (particularly cheirographon, grammation, and asphaleia) is followed, in the genitive, by the borrowers’ names and the amount in the accusative or the genitive. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XVI 1970v: † γρ(αμμάτιον) Γεωργίου καὶ Ἀνοῦπ ἀδελφ(ῶν) ἐκ πατρὸς Ἀνδρέου μηχα̣[ν(ουργῶν)] τοῦ ἐνδόξου οἴκου | 35 ἀπὸ τῆς Ὀξυρ(υγχιτῶν) π̣ό̣λ̣(εως) χρ(υσοῦ) νο(μισμάτια) δ ἰδ(ιωτικῷ) ζυγ(ῷ) νομ(ιτευόμενα) (‘A bond of Georgios and Anoup both fatherly brothers of Andreas, architects of the glorious house from the city of Oxyrhynchos, on account of four gold solidi, total on the private standard’.)
[Type3]: in 48 documents, the text of the docket is introduced by the names of the parties. This formulation is equally attested in all three periods (15 Ptolemaic documents, 11 Roman, 23 Byzantine) and is most common in loans (28 texts). Cf., e.g., BGU VIII 1736: 20 (ἔτους(?)) δ̣ Φ̣α̣ῶ̣φ̣[ι] ε̣ [Ἀ]πολλώνιος̣ | Ἡ̣ρ̣α̣κ̣λ̣ε̣ί̣ω̣ι̣ χ(ει)ρ(ογραφία). (‘Year 4, Phaophi 5. Apollonios towards Herakleios, cheirographia).
[Type4]: the epistolary format—the docket records the prospective debtor as the author of the contract and the prospective creditor as the addressee. This scheme is generally invoked in leases, e.g., SB VI 9461v below. In loans, contrastingly, it is attested only in Ptolemaic and early Roman documentation, e.g., P.Kell. I 45v: Α̣ὐ̣ρ̣ή(λιος) Κ̣α̣πίτ(ων) (ὑπὲρ) ἐλαί(ου) μαρ(ίων) ε. (‘Aurelios Kapiton for 5 maria of oil’).
Bibl.: only Pestman (1985): 39-42. A comprehensive new study is needed.
BGU I 189v (7, ArsN) [1, daneion, credit]; 295v (591, ArsPol) [3, credit]; 300v (148, ArsN) [4, aposystatikon, labour]; 304v (641, Herak) [2, prosgraphon, labour]; 306v (566, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 308.18 (IV-VII, ArsN); 326v [3?, will]; 339v (128, Kar) [2, homologia, credit]; II 365v (603, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 366v (645 or 660, ArsPol) [2, homologia, labour]; 370v (638, ArsPol); 455v (133, UP) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 671r (VII/VIII, ArsPol) [date, sale]; III 725v (618, ArsPol) [3, credit]; 837v (609, ArsPol) [1, sale]; 873.c.v (IV-VI, ArsN) [5, sale]; IV 1062v (236, Ox) [2, synallagma, labour]; VI 1259v (100a , Path) [1, onê, sale]; 1260v (101A, Path) [1, epilysis, sale]; 1266v bis (203/2A, Takona) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1276v (215/4A, OxN) [3, credit]; 1278v (215/4A, Tholt) [1, daneion, credit]; VIII 1736v (78a Herak) [2, sale]; XII 2139v (432, Herm) [1, lease]; 2147v (464, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2149v (470, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2153v (493?, Herm) [lease]; 2156v (483, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2157v (485, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2158v (485 ?, Herm) [lease]; 2159v (485, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2160v (488, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2175v (VI/VII, Herm) [1, lease]; 2182v (510, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2187v (520, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2199v (VI, Herm) [sale]; 2200v (561, Herm) [2, homologia, labour]; 2202v (c. 565, Herm) [2, misthosis, lease]; 2204v (574, Herm) [3, lease]; 2205v (590, Herm) [sale]; 2207v (606, Herm) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 2208v (614, Herm) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 2209v (614, Herm) [2, cheirographon, sale]; XII 2210v (617, Herm) [2, cheirographon, sale]; XIII 2332v (374, PtolEu) [2, sale]; XVII 2675v (481, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2682 (481, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2687v (Vb, Herm) [loan?]; 2690r (VI, HermN); 2694v (608, Herm) [sale]; 2695v (608, Herm) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 2696v (616, Herm) [1, misthapoche, lease]; XIX 2807v (508?, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2817v (500, Herm) [3, lease]; 2822v (526/7, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 2828v (VIIb, Herm) [labour]; XX 2843v (72A, Herak) [3, cheirographia, parachoresis]; CPR V 14v (475, HerakN) [1, philikon, credit/sale]; VII 51v (629/644, ArsPol) [4, misthosis, lease]; VIII 61v (546, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 69v (VI/VII, Herak) [1, misthosis, lease]; IX 25v (Vm, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 27v (V/VI, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 29v (631-641, HermN) [2, cheirographon, lease]; 30v (VIIe, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 31v (581, Sinelais?) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 40v (451, HermN) [1, prasis, sale]; X 23v (520/1?, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 25v (526/7?, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 26v (before 27/1/532, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 27v (533, ArsPol) [1, lease]; 39v (443, Herak) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 40v (VII, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 107av (396, Ther) [sale]; 120v (523, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, sale]; XIV 2v (VI/VII, ArsN) [1, misthosis, labour]; 4v (VI, Alexandrou Nesos) [sale]; 5v (531/2, Severou Epoikion) [2, sale]; 6v (V/VI, Peenamis) [sale]; 10v (556-579, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 11v (578, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; XIX 33v (591, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, labour]; 37v (610-619?, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon]; 38v (560 or 575, ArsN) [2, homologia, credit]; 39v (542/557, ArsN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 43v (604-610, ArsN) [2, cheirographon]; 46v (V/VI, Ophis) [lease]; XXIV 10v (475, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 20v (Vend/VIb, ArsN?) [1, misthosis, lease]; 26v (602/3, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease] ; P.Amh. II 47v (113A, Path?) [4, credit]; 48v (106A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 85v (78, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 150v (592, Ox) [3?, sale]; P.Amst. I 41 ll. 84-126v (8A, PtolEu) [1, trophimon, wet-nurse]; 43v (V/VI, Ophis) [lease]; 45av (V/VI, ArsN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Ant. I 42v (557, Lenaiou) [2, grammateion, sale]; II 103v (580, Ox?) [2, graphe, credit]; P.Athen.Xyla 4v (541, Micholis) [credit]; 5v (539, HermN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 6v (VI, HermN) [2, sale]; 10v (543, HermN) [2, grammation, credit]; 12v (VI, HermN) [credit]; 17v (548/9, HermN?) [credit]; 18v (487/8, HermN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Bad. II 22v (126, Alex) [3, asphaleia, credit]; 27v (316, HermN ?) [apodosis, credit]; IV 55v (VI/VII, Hipponon/Sephtha/Sento) [2, grammateion, sale]; VI 173v (VI/VII, UP) [4, credit]; P.Berl.Frisk 5v (510, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Berl.Möller 3v (540, Herm) [4, lease]; P.Berl.Zill. 5v (417, Herm) [4, misthosis, lease]; 7v (574, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Bingen 59v (33, Tebtynis); 60v (46, PtolEu) [location, lease]; 132v (541, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Bodl. I 36v (543/558, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 37v (600, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 141v (602-610, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Brook. 9v (IV, Ibion Eikosipentarouron) [credit]; P.Cair.Goodsp. 6, col. 1 (129A, Path) [2, homologia, sale]; P.Cair.Masp. I 67097v (571/2, Aphr) [1, sale]; 67100v (506, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 67107v (525/540, Aphr) [1, antimisthosis, lease]; 67109v (565, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 67110v (565, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 67111v (585, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 67112v (544/5, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 67116v (548, Aphr) [2, pittakion, labour]; II 67127v (544, Aphr) [credit]; 67128v [2, grammation, credit]; 67162v (568, Antin) [2, grammation, credit]; III 67301v (530, Aphr) [lease]; 67308v (526, Aphr) [2, asphaleia, credit]; P.Cair.Zen. I 59003v (259A, Birta?) [1, ὠνὴ παιδίσκης, sale]; 59133v (256A, Phil) [1, labour]; IV 59668v (256/248A, Phil? [1, labour]; P.Charite 34v (348/9?, Herm) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Col. VII 176v (325, Kar) [2, cheirographon, loan]; 180v (315/6 or 330/1, Kar) [1, misthosis, lease]; 181v (342, Kar) [1, prasis, sale]; 182v (372/3, Kar) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 183v (372, Kar); 184v (372, Kar) [2, cheirographon, loan]; VIII 245v (VI, Ox) [3, credit]; P.Col.Inv. 185v (345, Ox) [2, cheirographon, loan]; P.Coll.Youtie II 89v (485, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 90v (513, Herm) [3, lease]; P.Corn. 6v (17, Oxyrhyncha) [1, danos, credit]; P.David 10v (522/3, Ox) [1, credit]; P.Dime III 35v (41, SokN) [Demotic]; P.Dion. 14v (110A, Akoris) [1,3, daneion, credit]; 15v (109A, Akoris) [3, credit]; 16v (109A, Akoris) [1,3 daneion, credit]; 17v (108A, Akoris) [1,3, daneion, credit]; 19v (105A, Akoris) [1,3, daneion, credit]; 20v (105A, Akoris) [3, daneion, credit]; 21v (113A, Akoris) [1,3 daneion, credit]; 22v (111A, Akoris) [1,3 daneion, credit]; 23v (108A, Herm) [3, daneion, credit]; 25v (104A, Herm) [1, daneion, credit]; 26v (116a, Herm) [1, daneion, credit]; P.Edfou I 2v (619, Apol) [2, asphaleia, sale]; 3v (618, Apol) [2, asphaleia, credit]; 4v (627, Apol) [2, asphaleia, credit]; P.Eirene II 7v (615, HermN) [2, grammateion, credit]; 28v (577, ArsN) [2?, sale]; P.Erasm. I 12v (152A, Kaine) [2, credit]; 13v (152a?, Kaine) [4, credit]; 15v (152A, ArsN) [4v ]; P.Erl. 73v (604, Herak) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Fam.Tebt. 27v (132, Teb) [1, systatikon, labour]; P.Fay. 34v (161, Thead) [2, systatikon, systasis]; 91v (99, Euh) [5, credit]; P.Flor. I 1.a. margin (153, Herm) [4?, sale]; 13v (VI/VII, Herm) [1?, 3?, lease]; 38v (649, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 65v (570/1, OxN) [3, misthosis, lease]; 103v (330/1 or 344/5, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; III 281v (517, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 283v (536, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 299v (VI, Herm) [3, lease]; 315v (435, Sesiy) [1, misthosis lease]; P.Gen. I 12v (384, Phil) [2, cheirographon, loan]; 21v (IIA, UP) [2, syngraphe synoekisiou, marriage]; IV 186v (473-490, Herm) [diairesis]; 190v (522/3, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 194v (556, ArsPol) [3: credit, detailed]; P.Genov. II 62v (98, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; P.Giss. I 119v (VI/VII, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Grenf. I 20v (127A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 23v (117A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 28v (108A, Krok) [6, credit]; 29v (105A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 58v (c. 561, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 59v (V/VI, AntaiN) [credit]; II 16v (136A, Path) [3, sale]; 24v (105A, Krok) [6, credit]; 27v (103A, Path) [2, daneion credit]; 28v (103A, Path) [3, credit]; 29v (102A, Path) [2, daneion, credit]; 72v (308, Kysis) [4, credit]; 86v (596, Herm) [1, chreos, credit]; 87v (602, Herm) [1, asphales, credit]; 89v (510 or 525, Apol) [2, asphales, credit]; 90v (VI, Apol) [credit]; P.Hamb. I 24v [3, labour]; 58v (83a UP) [1, daneion, credit]; III 221v (580, Ox) [2, grammation, sale]; 222v (VI/VII, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Harraur 54v (579, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Heid. V 345v (VIe, OxN) [4, labour]; 350v (612, ArsPol) [labour]; 352v (558, HermN) [labour]; 356v (V/VI, HermN) [sale]; 357v (507, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 361v (613, ArsPol) [2, cheirographon]; VI 383v (209A, Oxyrhyncha) [3]; P.Heid.Inv. G 1651v (VIl/VIIe, Ox); P.Hels. I 8v (163A, Herak); P.Herm. 34v (VII, Herm) [1?, misthosis?, lease]; 64v (VII/VIII, UP) [1, credit]; 65 [3, credit]; P.Hib. I 124v (c. 250A, OxN) [3, credit]; P.Iand. III 48v (582, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; P.Kell. I 33v (369 Kellis) [1, misthosis, lease]; 34v (315, Kellis) [1, prasis, sale]; 42v (364, Kellis) [3, credit]; 44v (382, Kellis) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 45v (386, Kellis) [3, credit]; 48v (355, Kellis) [2: ἀ(ντίγραφον) ἀπελευθερώσ̣εως]; P.Köln I 50v (99A, Path) [4, sale, agoranomic]; 51v (99A, Path) [1, one, sale]; II 102v (418, OxN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; III 150v (226/242, OxN) [lease]; 151v (423, KynopN) [2, cheirographοn, credit]; 152v (477?, ArsN) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 155v (VI, UP) [4, sale]; 158v (599, Herak) [2, cheirographon, credit]; XI 459v (436?, OxN) [2, homologia, diairesis]; XV 630v (Vs, Antin) [loan]; P.Laur. III 75v (574, Ox) [2, credit]; P.Köln III 157v (589, ApolHept); P.Leid.Inst. 54v (after 3/272, Ox) [4, sale]; P.Lips. I 12v (III/IV, Herm) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 13v (364, Herm) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 18v (308, Herm) [2, misthomologia, lease]; 20v (381, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 118v (160/1, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; II 130v (16, Teb) [1, credit]; P.Lond. I 113.4v (595, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 113.5av (498, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 113.5bv (543/558, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 113.6av (612/627 ?, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 113.6bv (633, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; II 218v (111A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 310v (146, Pelousion) [2, credit]; III 1001v (539, HermN) [1, cheirographon, sale]; 1006v (555, Nagogis) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1017v (VI, Herm) [1, misthosis lease]; 1036v (VI/VII, HermN) [3, lease]; 1209v (89A, Path) [1, onê, sale]; 1319v (544, Herm) [3, credit]; V 1661v (553, Aphr); 1690v (527, Aphr) [lease]; 1691v (532, Aphr) [3, lease]; 1695v (530/1?, Aphr) [1, lease]; 1696.av (VI, Aphr) [lease]; 1700v (VI, Aphr) [credit/sale]; 1705v (517/8 or 532/3, Aphr) [partnership]; 1727v (583/4, Sy) [2, allelomologia, will]; 1734v (578-582, Sy) [sale]; 1735v (VIf, Sy?) [sale]; 1736v (611, Sy) [2, asphaleia, credit]; 1737v (613, Sy) [2, asphaleia, credit]; 1766v (559, HermN) [1, hypotheke, credit]; 1768v (VI, Herm) [lease]; 1770v (547/562, HermN) [lease]; 1771v (VI, HermN) [lease]; 1772v [2, grammation, credit]; 1774v (570, Herm) [2, cheirographon, sale]; VII 1986v (252A, Alex) [3, credit]; P.Louvre I 10v (Il?, SokN) [1, prasis, sale]; 13v (29, SokN) [2, homologia praseos, sale]; 19v (216, PtolEu) [3, homologia praseos, credit]; P.Lund. VI 10v (400, ArsPol or Kastra Skenon Mandron) [4, homologia, sale]; P.Mert. I 36v (360, Ox) [3: credit, agent]; 37v (373, PtolEu) [2, cheirographon, credit]; II 67v (130, PtolEu) [1, paratheke, credit]; 97v (VI, ArsN?) [2, homologia, labour]; III 124v (520, Ox) [lease]; P.Meyer 5v (98-117, ArsN) [2, homologia, credit]; 13v (141, Apias) [1, prasis, sale]; P.Mich.Inv. 931 + P.Col. X 249v (10, Philagris) [2: homologia paramones]; P.Mich. III 186v (72, Bac) [2, homologia diaireseos, diairesis]; 187v (75, Bac) [2, homologia diaireseos, diairesis]; 189v (123, Bac) [2, homologia daneiou, credit]; V 263v (35/6, Teb) [1, prasis, sale]; 267 + 268v (41/2, ArsN) [1, parachoreis, sale]; 274v (46/7 or 47/8, Teb) [1, prasis, sale]; 285v (I, ArsN) [2, homologia, sale]; 291v (I, ArsN) [1, prasis, sale]; 311v (34, Talei) [1, misthosis, lease]; 328.2v (29/30, Teb) [2, oikonomia, credit, extremely detailed]; 332v (47/8, Teb) [1, hypotheke, credit]; 335 col. 2v (c. 56, ArsN) [2, hypotheke, credit]; IX 546v (207, Pompeiopolis) [2, antigraphon homologies, sale]; X 584v (84, Bac) [2, homologia diaireseos, diairesis]; XI 605v (117, Bac) [2, homologia enoikeseos, credit]; 611v (412, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 612v (514, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; XV 730v (430, Ox) [1, prasis oikias, sale]; 731v (499, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 734v (572, OxN) [1, grammation, sale]; P.Michael. 35.a+b (VII?, Ox) [3, credit]; P.Mil. I 57v (74, Thead) [1: daneion, loan]; 58v (IIend/IIIb) [loan: 3]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77v (148A, Hephaistias) [1, misthosis, lease]; 84 [1, credit] (IV/V, OxN) [2, grammateion, credit]; P.Münch. I 3v (580, Sy) [2, grammateion, marriage]; 4v (581, Sy) [1, prasis, sale]; 10v (586, Sy) [2, asphaleia, credit]; 11v (586, Sy) [1, prasis, sale]; III 93.2v (V/VI, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 96v (158, PtolEu) [credit]; 98v (593/4, Ox) [1, grammation, credit]; 100v (574, ArsPol) [2, homologia, labour]; P.NagHamm. 63v (341, Diospolis Parva?) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Naqlun II 21v (585, Naqlun or Alexandrou Nesos) [2, cheirographon, loan]; 22v (623, Eleusine or Naqlun) [3]; 23v (c. 590-596, Naqlun) [1: cheirographon, loan]; 23.19 (585, Naqlun/Alexandrou Nesos) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.NYU I 22v (329, Kar) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 24v (373, cheirographon, Kar) [2, credit]; II 23v (326, Kar) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Oslo III 131v (118, Thead) [2, homologia, credit]; P.Oxy. I 136v (583, Ox) [2, Synallagma, labour]; 140v (550, Ox) [2, Synallagma, labour]; II 278v (17, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; III 497v (IIe, Ox) [2, gamike, marriage]; IV 730v (130, Senepta/Ox) [1, lease]; 794v (85/6, Ox) [2, sale]; VI 914v (486, Ox) [2, grammateion, credit]; VII 1037v (444, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1038v (568, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1040v (225, Ox) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 1042v (578, Ox/Justinopolis) [2, grammation, credit]; VIII 1126v (V, Ox) [lease]; 1130v (484, Senokomis) [grammateion, credit]; XIV 1631v (280, Ox) [1, epidoche, lease]; 1639v (73A/44A, Ox) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 1692v (188, Ox) [1, misthosis, labour]; 1697v (242, Ox) [1, prasis, sale]; 1712v (394, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; XVI 1889v (496, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1890v (508, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1892v (581, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 1894v (573, Ox) [2, labour]; 1957v (430, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; XVI 1958v (476, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1959v (499, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1960v (511, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1961v (487, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1965v (553, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1966v (505, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 1970v (554, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 1972v (560, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 1973v (420, Ox); 1974v (538, Ox) [1, grammation, credit]; 1975v (496, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 1983v (535, Ox) [2, cheirographia, labour]; 1994v (505, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; XIX 2237v (498, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; XXXIV 2722v (154, Ox) [3, credit]; XXXVI 2769v (242, Ox) [2, labour]; 2771v (323, Kos) [labour, ἐπιτροπικὴ ἐντ[ο]λ̣ή̣]; XLI 2969.23-24 (323, Ox) [sic]; 2971v (66, Ox) [ὁμολ( ) διδεσκαλ( )]; XLVII 3355 (535, Ox) [1, credit]; XLIX 3485v (38, Ox) [3]; 3494v (175, Ox) [credit]; 3512v (492, Ox) [2, grammation, sale]; L 3599v (460, OxN) [3, credit]; 3641v (544, Ox) [labour]; LVIII 3915v (30, Ox) [1, prasis, sale]; 3933v (588, Ox) [2, synallagma, labour]; 3938v (601, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 3942v (606, Ox) [2, grammation, labour]; 3944v (606, Ox) [2: grammation]; 3945v (606, Ox) [2: grammation]; 3946v (606, Ox) [2: grammation]; 3947v (606, Ox) [2: grammation]; 3949v (610, Ox) [2: grammation]; 3950v (610, Ox) [2: cheirographia]; 3952v (610, Ox) [2, synallagma, labour]; 3953v (610?, Ox) [2: cheirographia]; 3958v (614, Ox) [2, synallagma, labour]; LXI 4124v (318Ox) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 4132v (619, Ox) [2, grammation, sale]; LXII 4349v [2, grammation, sale]; 4350v (576, Ox) [2, homologia, labour]; LXIII 4388v (423, Ox) [lease]; 4398v (553, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; LXVI 4535v (600, Ox) [2, grammation, loan]; LXVIII 4681v (419 CE?, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4686v (440, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4689v (442, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; LVIII 4700v (504, Ox) [2: grammation] 4702v (520, Ox) ?; LXIX 4752v (311, OxN) [1, prasis, sale]; LXXI 4830v (426, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4832v (436, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4833v (516, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4835v (574, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 4837v (582/3, OxN) (sale); LXXII 4897v (391, Ox) [credit]; 4903v (417, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 4904v (417, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 4907v (422, HerakN?) [credit]; 4918v (494/5/6, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 4930v (614, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; LXXIV 5014v (III, Ibion Ammoniou) [3, labour]; LXXV 5069v (546, Ox) [2, grammation, sale]; 5070v (605/6 or 620/1, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; LXXVII 5121v (485, Ox) [2, Synallagma, labour]; 5122v (552, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 5123v (555, Ox) [2, grammation, sale]; 5124v (c. 579-595, Ox) (credit); LXXXI 5288v (570, Ox) [1, synallagma, labour]; LXXXIII 5369v (548, OxN) [2, grammation, sale]; LXXXIV 5473v (561, Ox) [2: synallagma, labour]; 5474v (617/8, Ox); P.Oxy.Hels. 30v (77, ArsN) [1, paratheke, credit]; P.Prag. I 34v (VI, ArsPol) [credit]; 44v (466, ArsN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 45v (521/2, Antin) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 46v (522, Antin) [2, grammation, sale]; II 157v (VI Boubastos) [1, hypothesis, sale]; 159v (V, Epoikion Aninou) [1, misthosis, lease]; 165v (VI, ArsPol) [2, grammation, credit]; 167v (580 or 595, ArsN) [3, credit]; 169v (VI, Ars?) [2, homologia, credit]; III 218v (c. 610/1?, ArsN) [credit]; P.Princ. II 87v (612, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; P.Rain.Cent. 86v (381, HerakN) [credit]; 95v (446, HerakN) [1, cheirographon, credit?]; 101v (457, Koba) [1, misthosis, lease]; 110v (490, Herak) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 123v (478, Phebichis) [2, philikon, sale]; P.Rein. II 105v (432, Ox) [1, lease]; 107v (573/588/603, Koptites) [2, asphaleia, credit]; P.Ross.Georg. III 36v (537, Aphr) [1, misthosis, lease]; 51v (630, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 53v (674-675, ArsPol) [2, grammation, credit]; V 31v (503, ArsPol) [1, chresis, sale]; P.Ryl. II 179v (127, Nilopolis) [homologia, inheritance]; IV 662v (364, Antin) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Sakaon 64v (307, Thead) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 65v (328, Thead) [2, cheirographon, credit]; P.Schøyen II 31v (500, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; 32v (532, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; P.Select. 2v (VI, HerakN) [sale]; 15v (435, Herak) [2, cheirographia, sale]; 17v (IIIe, HerakN) [2, misthapoche, lease]; P.Soter. 5v (94 Thead) [2, lease]; P.Stras. II 92v (244/3A, OxN) [6, lease]; IV 190v (592, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 204v (161-169, PtolEu) [credit]; 230v (143/4, daneion, Phil) [1, credit]; V 319v (VI/VII, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 338v (550, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 348v (VI, Herm) [lease]; 482v (542, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; VI 579v (521, Tarrhouthis) [1, misthosis, lease]; 600v (609/624/654, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; VII 673v (IV, ArsN) [lease]; 678v (568/9, Herm) [labour]; 698v (VI, UP) ?; P.Tebt. I 105v (103A, Kerkeosiris) [3, lease]; II 312v (123/4, Teb) [2, homologia, credit]; 383v (46, Teb) [1, diairesis, diairesis]; 386v (12A, Hiera Nesos) (?) [credit]; P.Turner 25v (161, Ox) [2: apoche]; P.Vat.Aphrod. 4v (VIs, Aphr) [1, prasis, sale]; P.Vind.Sijp. 11v (453, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12v (184, PtolEu) [1, credit]; 15v (IV, Herm) [3, credit]; P.Vind.Tand. 28v (576/7, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Vindob. G 13458v (VI, Herm); P.Warr. 10v (591/2, Ox) [2, hypothekaion grammation, credit]; P.Wash.Univ. I 17v (514, OxN) [4, lease]; P.Wisc. I 10v (468, Ox) [4, credit]; 11v (646, Ox) [4, sale]; P.Worp 33v (501, ArsN/AphrN) [1, misthosis, lease]; P.Würz. 17v (454, ArsPol) [2: cheirographon, loan]; P.Yale 71v (456, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; PSI I 75v (VI?, Ox) [lease]; III 175v (462, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 176v (V?, Ox); 239v (601, Ox) [credit]; 246v (526, Ox) [2, grammation, credit]; IV 296v (520, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 320 + P.Mich. XVIII 784v (18, Ox) [1, parachoresis, sale]; V 466v (518, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 703v (480, Herm) [2, cheirographon, credit]; VII 773v (611, OxN) [2, misthosis, credit]; VIII 920v (VI, OxN) [6, lease]; 963v (579, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 964v (520/1 or 535/6 or 550/1, OxN) [credit]; IX 1029v (52/3, OxN) [3, lease]; 1037v (301, Ox) [3, labour]; 1078v (356, Lenonos) [1, lease, misthosis]; X 1122v (VI, OxN) [sale]; 1124v (150, Teb) [2, lease, anaphorion]; XII 1239v (430, Antin) [1, sale, prasis]; XIII 1340v (420, Petne) [2, credit, grammation]; XIV 1427v (565, Ox) [4, credit]; XVII 1678 (Ie, HermN) [2, lease, cheirographon]; SB I 4490v (641 or 656, ArsPol) [1, labour, misthosis]; 4493v (VI/VII, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4494v (IV-VII, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4496v (593, ArsPol) [3, sale]; 4497v (616, ArsPol) [sale]; 4503v (605/607, This) [2, labour, homologia]; 4505v (606, This) [2, sale, asphaleia]; 4697v (IV-VII, Arsinoiton Polis); 4739v (VI/VII, ArsN) [3, labour]; 4753v (523, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 4822v (VI, ArsN) [sale]; 5285v (607, PanopN) [1, hypothesis, credit]; 5286v (607, Panop) [1, misthosis, lease]; 5567v (763, Thebes) [1, onê, sale]; 5582v (724, Thebes) [2, amerimneia, diairesis]; III 6709.v (259a, Birta ?) [1, one, sale]; IV 7369v (512, Herm) [2, homologia, lease]; V 7758v (497, MagdBou) [3, credit]; VI 9051v (VI, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 9110v (26, Teb) [1: misthosis, lease]; 9280v (VIs, ArsPol) [3, sale]; 9282v (c. 500, HerakN) [sale]; 9294v (VI/VII, ArsN) [6, lease]; 9459v (VI, ArsN) [2: homologia, credit]; 9461v (632, Boubastos) [1: misthosis, lease]; 9561v (590, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 9587v (VI/VII, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 9588v (VII, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 9590v (VI/VII, Herak) [3?]; 9596v (579, Eleusis) [1, misthosis, lease]; VIII 9769v (VII, ArsPol) [2, homologia, credit]; 9770v (511, ArsN) [3?, credit]; 9771v (VII/VIII, ArsPol) [credit]; 9772 (VI, Ars?) ; 9777v (597/8, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 9778v (VI, ArsN) [5, lease]; 9931v (405, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 9932v (544-599, Herm) [3, lease]; XII 11024v (328, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; XIV 11279v (44, Thead) [3, lease]; 11373v (513, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 11376v (239A, Tholt) [2, sale]; 11385v (326, ArsN) [2, cheirographon, loan]; 11877v (348, Phil) [1, prasis, sale]; 11911v (224, ArsN) [6, misthosis, lease]; 12050v (498, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12109v (377, Kar) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 12180v (186, Herak) [1, paratheke, credit]; 12190v (297, UP) [2, grammation, credit]; 12192v (92/108, Teb) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12195v (608, ArsN) [2, cheirographia, credit]; XVI 12469v (26A, SokN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12481v (668, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12486v (470, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 12488v (538, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 12489v (Vm, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 12492v (638, HermN) [2, homologia, sale]; 12583v (500, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; 12716v (129A, Path) [1, credit]; 12836v (225, Ankyron Polis) [3, lease]; 12716v (129A, Path) [1, daneion, credit]; 13037v (522/3, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; XVIII 13585v (Vs/VIf, Herm) [1, lease]; 13586v (VI/VII, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 13885v (547 or 562, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 13886v (488/9, OxN) [2, homologia, marriage]; 13947v (507, OxN) [2, sale]; 13960v (VI/VII, ArsN) [3, labour]; 13962v (630-645, ArsN) [labour]; 13997v (VIIe, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 13998v (VI/VII, Alexandrou Nesos) [lease]; XX 14534v (VI, ArsPol) [3, sale]; 14712v (498, HermN) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 15008v (578, Herak) [1, misthosis, lease]; 15138v (581, OxN) [2, sale]; 15202v (VIf, Aphr) [sale]; XXII 15245v (VI, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 15493v (435, Sesiy) [1, grammation, lease]; 15725v (VI, Ox) [2, grammateion, sale]; 15728v (347, Euh) [2, cheirographon, sale]; 15729v (639, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; XXIV 15923v (VIl/VIIe, HermN ?) [1, misthosis, lease]; 15925v (VIe, Ox) [3, lease]; 16009v (186, Herak) [1, credit (paratheke)]; 16129v (VI, HermN) [sale]; 16130v (VI, HermN) [loan]; XXVI 16487v (VI, HermN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 16796v (518, Ox) [1, misthosis, lease]; XXVIII 16864v (566, ArsN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 16873v (591/2, ArsN ?); [2, grammation, sale]; 16909v (420, Ox) [lease]; 16969v (498/8 or 513/4, OxN) [1, misthosis, lease]; 17081v (75, SokN) [sale]; 17201v (VI/VII, Herm) [1, misthosis, lease]; 17208v (IVend/Vb, Herak) [1, misthosis, lease]; XXX 17328v (546 or 561, Herak); 17667v (603, HerakN) [1, grammation, loan]; SPP III 96v (640/655, ArsPol) [2, apodeixis, labour]; 125v (VI/VII, ArsN) [sale]; 141v (VI/VII, ArsPol) [sale]; 144 + 381v (VI, Kynon or ArsPol); XX 45v (237, Mochchyris) [2, cheirographon, credit]; 113v (401, UP) [5, lease]; 142v (543, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; 148v (VI, HerakN) [3, sale]; 217v (581, ArsPol) [2, homologia, labour]; 219v (604, ArsPol) [2, misthotikon, labour]; 220v (618, ArsPol) [1, misthosis, lease]; UPZ II 190v (98A, Thebes) [1, daneion, credit].
Section VII. Execution
1. Praxis
Category: Envelope
The praxis clause defines, in cases where the document records liability, the obligee’s right to act against the obligor. The praxis is one of the oldest Greek legal institutions, already well recorded in the Archaic period and, of course, in sources from the Classical polis. It is thus introduced, as a matter of course, into Greek documents on papyrus immediately after the Macedonian conquest and remains in use in the Byzantine period. Starting from the fifth century CE, however, the praxis clause begins to converge with and give way to the hypotheca generalis, which acquires some of its key traits. In the earlier stages, the praxis takes the form of an independent sentence [below: ic.] but by the Ptolemaic period, the genitive absolute [below: GA] already gains ground and is the only form used in Roman and Byzantine Egypt. In some cases, the praxis is connected to specific clauses. In loan contracts, for example, a debtor who fails to settle the debt on time is ‘automatically’ exposed to the praxis; in loans with a hypotheke and the Oxyrhynchite menein arrangement, the creditor is allowed to invoke the praxis immediately after, and as a consequence of, the loss of the object of mortgage. In the vast majority of cases, however, the praxis is recorded at the end of the document and thus relates to the entirety of the obligor’s obligations as introduced earlier in the document. The praxis clause is attested in all types of diplomatic categories but seems irregular in hypomnemata (27 out of 687) and private protocols (66 out of 206). It is most common in loan contracts (481 documents). In lease contracts (147), marriage documents, (35) and contracts of labour (25) the praxis clause is not indispensable. In sale documentation, just 13 of the 73 documents with the praxis clause record land sales; 56 record fungibles. Only in the latter type of sale contracts does the praxis seem somewhat regular.
The subject of the clause is, in most cases, the nomen actionis πρᾶξις. The verb, εἰμί or γίγνομαι, follows. The obligee, in the dative, may be recorded by name or just by his contractual position. Some contracts also record, in the same position, the representatives of the obligee and the person who produces the document on his behalf. Cf., e.g., P.Hamb. I 24.15-18 (223 BCE, Arsinoites): καὶ ἡ πρᾶξις ἔστω | 16 [αὐτοῖς κ]α̣ὶ ἄλλωι τῶι τὴν συγγραφὴν ἐπιφέροντι ἐκ τῶν Πτο|17[λεμαίου ὑ]παρχόντων πάντων καὶ τῶν τοῦ ἐγγύου ὡς πρὸς βασι|18[λικά) (‘And let them and anyone else producing the document have the right of execution against all the property of Ptolemaios and of the surety as if in relation to a Royal debt’). The object of the recovery (e.g., the loan) is rarely mentioned; if it is, it stands in the genitive: P.Dion. 15.25-27 (109 BCE, Akoris): ἡ δὲ πρᾶξις ἔστω Διονυσίωι τοῦ πυροῦ καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν [συγγραφὴν] | 26 πάντων ἔκτε \αὐτοῦ/ Διονυσίου τοῦ δεδανεισμένου καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὑ̣[παρχόν]|27των αὐτῶι πάντων καθʼ ἅπερ ἐγ δίκης (‘And let Dionysios have the right to take action against the wheat and all that is recorded in the document from Dionysios the borrower and all his property as if following a court ruling’). Alternatively, in some documents from the Roman period, the preposition ἐπί with the genitive or the dative is used to record the circumstances under which the praxis may be invoked. Cf., e.g., P.Sakaon 64.13-15 (307 CE, Theadelphia): καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς [ἀπαιτ]ήσεως | 14 γείνεσ[θ]α̣ι̣ τὴν πρᾶξειν (l. πρᾶξιν) ἔκ τε ἐμοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῶ[ν] ὑ[π]αρχόν|15των μ[οι] πάντων καθάπερ ἐ̣κ̣ δίκης (‘On formal demand, you are to have the right of execution both upon me and upon all my property, as one does when bringing a case’) (transl.: P.Sakaon, p. 159).
The right of execution may be invoked against the person and property of the obligor. Both stand in the genitive, introduced by ἐξ or, more rarely, by παρά. Action may also be taken against the surety, if one has been appointed. If there are multiple obligors, the obligee may direct the praxis against whomever he wishes, especially if the obligors are designated ‘mutual sureties for the sake of indemnification’ (ἁλληλἑγγυοι εἰς ἔκτισιν). Cf., e.g., BGU IV 1106.39-43 (13 BCE, Alexandria): τ̣ῆ̣ς̣ | 40 π̣ρ̣ά̣ξ̣[ε]ως γινομένης ἔκ τε ἀμφοτέρων ὄντω[ν] | 41 ἀλληλενγύων εἰς ἔκτισιν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς καὶ ἐξ οὗ ἐ[ὰν] | 42 αὐτῶν αἱρῆται καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτοῖς | 43 πάντων καθάπερ ἐγ δίκης (‘The right of execution being available against both debtors as mutual sureties for the sake of indemnification and against one and whomever of them he chooses and from all their property as if following from a court ruling’). The execution against representatives of the obligor is not attested.
Apart from the execution against the property of the obligor as a whole, it can also be directed against specific assets. Such is particularly the case whenever a piece of property is posted as mortgage (as hypotheke, hypallagma, or through the menein clause). Cf., e.g., P.Stras. I 52.11-12 (151 CE, Hermopolis): γινομένης αὐτῇ ἢ τοῖς παρʼ αὐτῆς τῆς πράξεως παρά τε τῆς δεδαν‹ε›ισμέ|12[νης καὶ ἐκ τῆσδε τ]ῆ̣ς ὑποθή[κης καὶ ἐκ τῶν] ἄλλων ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῇ π[ά]ντων καθάπερ ἐκ δίκης (‘And let her and those acting on her behalf possess the right to take action against the debtor, the mortgage, and all her remaining property as if following from a court ruling’) (cf., also, P.Flor. I 28.6-7 (177/8/9 CE, Herm): hypallagma). The hypothecation of the obligor’s entire property, a practice introduced in the late fifth century, finds expression in the same context. Cf., e.g., P.Oxy. XIX 2237.17-19 (498 CE, Oxyrhynchos): τῆς εἰσπράξεως γιγνο|18μένης σοι παρά τε ἐμοῦ κ̣αὶ̣ ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντω̣ν μοι πάντων ὑποκειμένων | 19 τῇ ἐκτίσι (l. ἐκτίσει) τοῦδε τοῦ χρέους ἐνεχύρου̣ λόγῳ̣ κα̣[ὶ ὑπο]θ̣ή̣κης δικαίῳ (‘You are to have the right to take action against me and all my property, which is pledged to the repayment of this loan as security and by right of mortgage’).
In the praxis clause, a standard for the exercise of rights is established. One standard, recorded in nine documents from the third century BCE, is πρὸς βασιλικά (e.g., P.Cair.Zenon I 59001.39-43: 273 BCE, Pitos) and ὡς πρὸς βασιλικά P.Col. III 54.21-23 (256 BCE, Arsinoites?): ἡ δὲ πρᾶξις ἔστω Ζήνωνι ἢ ἄλλωι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ | 22 πράσσοντι ἔκ τε αὑτῶν καὶ τ\ῶν/ ἐγγύ\ων/ καὶ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτοῖς πάντων | 23 καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς καὶ ἐκ πάντων ὡς πρὸς βασιλικά (‘Zenon, or another acting on his behalf, is to have the right of execution against their persons and the sureties and all that belongs to them, upon one and upon all as in the case of debts to the crown’). The second standard, κατὰ τὸ διάγραμμα, chronologically overlaps πρὸς βασιλικά and, while best attested in documentation from the late third century BCE, remains in use down to 148 BCE. Cf. P.Monts.Roca IV 77.15–16 (148 BCE, Hephaistia): ἡ̣ δ̣ὲ̣ π̣ρ̣ᾶ̣ξις ἔστωι Ἡρακλείδηι καὶ [τοῖς παρ’ Eὐβούλου πράσσουσιν ἔκ τε Πετοσούχου] | 16 [αὐτοῦ] καὶ ἐκ τῶ[ν] ὑπαρχόντω[ν αὐ]τ̣[ῶι πάντ]ω̣ν̣ κ̣α̣τ̣ὰ̣ [τὸ διάγραμ]μα καὶ τοὺς ν̣ό̣μο̣υ̣[ς] (‘Let Herakleides and Euboulos’ representatives have the right of execution against the person of Petosouchos himself and all his possessions, in accordance with the diagramma and the laws’) (transl. with some modifications: editio princeps, p. 231). The standard of execution καθάπερ ἐγ δίκης κατὰ νόμον τέλος ἐχούσης (‘as if as the result of a court procedure lawfully brought to conclusion’), recorded in P.Eleph. 1.12 (310 BCE, Elephantine), reemerges in P.Mich. III 190 (172 BCE, Philadelphia). Καθάπερ ἐκ δίκης remains in exclusive use in the praxis clause down to the end of the Byzantine period (see the examples above).
Bibl.: e.g., Mitteis (1891): 420-426; (1912): 119-121; Préaux (1939): 537-543; (1958): 110-112; Wolff (1941): 418-438; (1957): 35-37; (1970): 527-535; Cantarella (1965): 24-37; Hennig (1967): 86-87; Meyer-Laurin (1975): 202-204; Kränzlein (1976): 629-634; Müller (1985): 136-141; Herrmann (1986): 25-26; Tenger (1993): 113-121; Rupprecht (2007): 283-290; Rodríguez Martín (2017): 78-87.
diag.: κατὰ τὸ διάγραμμα; GA: genetivus absolutus; ic.: independent clause; pers.: person; prop.: property; rep.-c.: representatives of the creditor; ked.: καθάπερ ἐκ δίκης; allel.: ἐκ τῶν ὑποχρέων ὄντων ἀλληλεγγύων εἰς ἔκτισιν vel sim.; skepe: ἀκύρων οὐσῶν καὶ ὧν ἐὰν ἐπενέγκῃ πίστεων πασῶν σκέπης πάσης
BGU I 69.9-12 (120, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 183.9 (85, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 251.7-8 (81, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 272.14-16 (138/9, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.]; 316.33-40 (359, Askalon) [GA; pers., prop. (including future)]; 339.22-25 (128, Kar) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 465.1.13-14 (137, UP) [GA; pers., prop.]; 538.22-24 (100, Nilopolis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 578.11-16, ll. 13-14 (189, ArsN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 637.7-9 (212, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; III 717.19-22 (149, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 729.16-19 (144, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 741.29-31 (143, Alex?) [ic.; ed. l. 7: ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων τοῦ ὑ[πο]χρέου ὑπαρχό[ν]των;]; 751.6-7 (IV/V, ArsN) [GA; prop.; ked.]; 856.20-22 (106, Psenyris) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 910.2.26-27 (70, SokN) [GA; pers.]; 911.21-24 (18, SokN) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 912.27-30 (33, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 916.30-33 (69-79, Herakleides Meris) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 989.16-19 (226, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; IV 1014.16-19 (138, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1015.14-15 (221/2, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1045.1.30-2.3 (154, Alabanthis?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1053.1.39-52 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., surety, prop.; ked.; hypallagma]; 1054.12-15 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., surety; prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1055.34-40 (before 13A?, Alex) [GA; pers., surety; prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1056.19-25 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel. prop.; ked.]; 1057.1-17 ll. 13-16 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., surety; prop.; ked.]; 1058.42-45 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1099.19-23 (30A-14, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1106.39-43 (before 13A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1107.21-23 (before 13A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1108.20-22 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1109.25-26 (5A, Alex) [GA; ked.]; 1115.33-38 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1117.36-41 (3A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop., ked., Skepe]; 1118.47-49 (22A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 1119.42-46 (6/5A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1120.42-44 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel.; prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1121.37-40 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1122.27-30 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1126.18-20 (9A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1142.18-22 (25/4, Alex) [GA, pers., prop., ked., skepe]; 1145.1-25, ll. 14-18 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1145.26-45, ll. 38-40 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1146.22-26 (19A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1147.20-22 (14/3A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; hypallagma]; 1149.29-33 (13A, Alex) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; hypallagma]; 1151.2.37-42 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Hypallagma]; 1156.22-24 (16/15A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 1156v.36-41 (14/3A Alex) [GA, pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 1161.22-30 (24/23A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1162.9-14 (17/6A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1166.12-14 (13A,, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1167.37-74, ll. 57-60 (13/12A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; hypallagma]; 1170.1-23, ll. 11-14 (10A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1172.12-17 (9A, Alex) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1175.10-15 (5A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; VI 1262.15 (216/5A, Takona) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1264.24-25 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1267.14-16 (before 266/5A or 228/7A, OxN) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1274.13-14 (218/7A, Takona) [ic.; rep.-c., pers.; diag.]; 1275.18-20 (215/4A, Sephtha) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1276.14 (215/4A, OxN) [ic.]; 1277.12-13 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1278.11-12, 29-30 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1279.9-10 (IIImA, UP) [ic.]; 1280.20? (210A, UP) [ic.; pers., surety?]; 1281.9-12 (IIA, Path ?) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; VII 1649.15-21 (264, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1651.4-7 (II, Phil) [ic.; prop.]; 1653.9 (212, Phil) [ked.]; VIII 1732.16 (80A-30A, Herak) [ic.; ked.]; 1733.22 (80A-30A, Herak) [ic.; ked.]; 1734.23 (80-30A, Herak) [GA; ked.]; 1738.29-31 (72A, Herak) [ic.; pers.; τῶν καθʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιτίμων ἀκολούθως τῆι συγγραφῆι]; 1739.27-28 (72A, Herak) [ic.; pers.; τῶν καθʼ ἡμῶν ἐπιτίμων ἀκολούθως τῆι συγγραφῆι;]; X 1944.8-9 (214/3A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1946.12-13 (213/2A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1949.3-4 (221A-205A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1950.2-4 (221A-205A, OxN) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1952.5-6 (221-205A, OxN) [ic.]; 1956.1-2 (200/199A, OxN) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1961.9-11 (213/2A, Tholt) [ic.; pers., surety; diag.]; 1964.11-12 (221A-214A, Tholt) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; diag.]; 1966.3-4 (246-221a?, OxN?) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1968.11-13 (184A, Ptolemais ?); [ic.; diag.] 1969.8-9, 21 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 1973.5-6 (221A-205A, OxN) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; XI 2035.21 (129, Kar) [GA]; 2042.20 (105, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2043.19-21 (150, SokN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2044.a.25-28 (46, SokN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.; ed.: ἄνευ πάσης] ὑ̣π̣ε̣ρ̣θ̣έσ̣ε̣ως καὶ εὑλησολο|[γίας];]; 2045.18-21 (215, Thead) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2048.9-11 (217, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2116.7-10 (25/6?, ArsN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2117.7-10 (II, ArsN?) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2118.14-15 (223, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XII 2140.14-15 (432, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2180.22-23 (504, Herm) [ked.]; XIII 2330.17-19 (89, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2332.17-20 (374, PtolEu) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2340.19-23 (delivery) (IIIe, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; XIV 2383.12-13 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; prop.; diag.]; 2384.12-13 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; diag.]; 2387.13-14 (IIIA, OxN) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 2390.37-38 (surety) (160/59A, HerakN) [ic.; diag.]; 2393.16-17 (215/4A, Thôlthis) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 2395.32, 78-79 (221A, Takona) [ic.; diag.; καὶ μηδ[ὲ]ν [ἧσσ]ον κυρία]; 2396.9-10 (213/2A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 2398.14-15, 38-42 (213/2A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 2399.9-10,33-34 (212/1A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; CPGr I 13.25-27 (30A-14, Alex) [GA; pers., surety, prop.; ked.]; CPR I 24.31-32 (136, PtolEu) [GA: τῇ̣ ἀνακομιζομένῃ; ked.]; 27.22-23 (189, PtolEu) [GA: ed. 22-23: τ̣ῆ̣ς̣ π̣ρά|28[ξεως τῆς τε φε]ρνῆς καὶ παραφέρνων;]; 28.7 (110, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.]; 29.18-20 (184, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 40.27-28 (300, Herak) [ked.]; 236.9 (81-96, SokN) [GA]; 240.33-35 (126, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; VII 31.1-23, ll. 18-21 (196/7, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 39.6-8 (405/6, Ox) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; VIII 47.7-11 (IV/V, ArsN) [GA, pers., prop.]; X 38.16-17 (420, HerakN) [GA; pers.]; 39.18-20 (443, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.]; 107a.20-23 (396 Ther) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 110.9-10 (407, ArsPol) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XVIIa 5a.6-8 (316, Herm) [GA, pers., prop. (hypallagma), ked.]; XVIIb 13.1–6, ll. 3-4 (217, Panop) [prop.: present and future]; O.Brux. 13.9-12 (136/7 or 157/8 or 180/1, Upper Egypt?) [GA; pers., prop.; ed. 11-12: ἕως ἂν ἀποδῶ τὸ προ|[κε]ίμενον ἀργύριον;]; P.Adler 4.16-20 (109A, Ptolemais) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 6.17-21 (106A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 10.15-18 (101A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 15.20-24 (100A, Path?) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 19.18-21 (98A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Alex. 7.17-19 (113, Dionysias) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 34.3-4 (IV/V, UP) [GA; ked.]; 38.1 (VI/VII, ApolHept?) [GA; prop.; ked.]; P.Amh. II 43.12-14 (173A, SokN) [ic.; τῶι κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν πράσσοντι; pers., prop.; κατὰ τὸ διάγραμμα καὶ τοὺς νόμους]; 44.12, 33-34 (136A, Philopator alias Theogenous) [ic.; τῶι κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν πράσσοντι; pers., prop.; ked.]; 46.11-13 (113A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 47.14-17 (113A, Path ?) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 48.13-16 (106A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 49.5-9 (108A, UP) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 50.23-27 (106A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Amst. I 41.45-83 ll. 62-63 (10A, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.]; 41.84-162 ll. 96-98 (8A, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ed. μέχρει [οὗ] |ἀποδῶσιν τ̣ὸ̣ν θρεπτόν;]; P.Athen. 14.30-32 (22, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.]; 15.10 (83-96, Alex) [GA; ked.]; 21.14-16 (131, Kar) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 22.27-32 (103/122, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 23.21-24 (82, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 28.24-27 (86, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Athen.Xyla 17.5-7 (548/9, HermN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Bad. II 22.4-7 (126, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 27.9-10 (316, HermN?) [GA; ed. l. 8: κατ]ὰ̣ τὰ ἐμὰ κα[ὶ] ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων μοι; ked.]; IV 86.31-33 (99, Hibeh) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Bas. 5.11-12 (III, UP) [GA; pers., prop.]; 7.23-25 (117-138, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Berl.Brash. 14.9-10 (304, Oxyrhynchites) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Berl.Leihg. I 20.28-33 (delivery) (149, OxN) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; P.Berl.Möller 4.24-27 (3, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Bingen 73.16-18 (138-150, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Bodl. I 42.16-19 (212-216, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Bon. 25.19-24 (185, Phys) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Bour. 13.7-8 (98, Memphis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Brook. 9.11-14 (IV, Ibion Eikosipentarouron) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Cair.Isid. 87.1 (308?, Kar?) [prop.]; 88.1-3 (308, Kar ?) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 89.8-11 (308, Kar ?) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 90.9-12 (309, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop., ked.]; 91.12-14 (309, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop., ked.]; 92.11-14 (314, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pres., prop.; ked.]; 93.22-24 (282, PtolEu) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers., prop.]; 97.11-14 (308, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pres, allel., prop.; ked.]; P.Cair.Zen. I 59001.13-16, 39-43 (274/3A, Pitos) [ic.; prop., property of surety; ed. ll. 16-17: πράσσοντι τρόπον ὃν | ἂν βούληται Διονύσιος πρὸς βασιλικά;]; II 59173.15-16, 38-40 (255A, Phil) [ic.; pers., surety, prop.; ὡς πρὸς βασιλικά]; III 59340.7-11, 15-16 (247A, Phil) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., surety, prop.; diag.]; IV 59668.4-6 (256A-248A, Phil?) [ic.; rep.-c.; diag.]; P.Col. III 54.21-23 (250A, ArsN) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., surety, prop.; ὡς πρὸς βασιλικά]; 176.14-17 (325, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pres., prop.; ked.]; 177.15-19 (325, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; Pres. prop.; ked.]; 178.12-16 (327, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; Pres. prop.; ked.]; 178a.11-15 (336, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pres., prop.; ked.]; VII 182.16-20 (372/3, Karanis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 183.16-20 (372, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; Pres. prop.; ked.]; 184.15-18 (372, Kar) [GA; pers., prop.];X 280.20-21 (269/70 or 276/7, Ox ?) [GA; pers., sutery, prop.; ked.]; 284.20 (311, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 287.15-16, 33-34 (326, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Col. Inv. 46.12-15 (340-410, Phil?); 185.17-19 (345, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Coll.Youtie I 25.28-31 (147, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; II 68.33-34 (266, Ox) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; 80.23-24 (315, Ox) [GA, pers., ὡς κ̣α̣θ̣ή̣κ̣ε̣ι]; P.Corn. 2.14-15 (250/49A?, Phil) [ed.: ἡ πρᾶξις ἔστω Ζήνω]νι καὶ τῶι τὸ σύμβολον ἐπιφέ|15[ροντι ὑπὲρ Ζήνωνος;]; 6.15-16 (17 Oxyrhyncha) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Dime III 27GD.22-23 (54, Nilipolis or SokN) [GA]; P.Diog. 25.13-14 (132 , Phil ?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 27.11-13 (213 , Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 30.18-21 (222-235 , Phil ?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Dion. 13.26-28 (112a Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 14.27-30 (110A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 15.25-27 (109A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 16.31-35 (109A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 17.28-31 (108A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 18.21-24 (107A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 19.22-24 (105A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 21.22-25 (113A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 22.22-24 (111A, Akoris) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ic.; pers., prop., ked.]; 23.22-28 (108A, Herm) [ic.; τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; pers. (plur.), prop., ked.]; 24.23-27 (106A, Herm) [pers.; prop.; ked.]; 25.29-33 (104A, Herm) [τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; pers., prop.; ked.]; 26.19-22 (116A, Herm) [ic.; τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; pers., prop.; ked.]; 27.19-24 (113/2A, Herm) [ic.; τῶν κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; pers., prop.; ked.]; 32.17-18 (107A, HermN) [GA; ked.]; 33.14-18 (IIA, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 34.11-14 (116A, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Dura 20.17-19 (121, Paliga) [ic.; παν[τὶ] τῶι τὴν̣ σ̣υ̣ν̣[γρα]φ̣ὴ̣ν ταύτη̣ν ἐπιφέροντι; pers., prop. (also future acquisitions); 21.6-8 (315, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; 22.10-12 (133/4, Dura Europos) [ic.; παντὶ τῶι τὴν συνγρ[αφὴν ταύτην ἐπιφέροντι; pers.; prop. (also future acquisitions)]; P.Eleph. 2.12-13 (284A, Eleph) [ic.; καὶ ἡ πρᾶξις ἔστω ἐκ τοῦ ἀτακτοῦντος καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντος κατὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα]; P.Erl. 62.17 (II, UP) [GA]; 69.9-13 (IA/I, UP) [GA, pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Fam.Tebt. 2.16-19 (92, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 4.19-22 (94, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 11.1.13-15 (108, Teb) [GA; prop.]; 11.2.10-12 (112, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 16.16-19 (116, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 22.18-19 (122, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Fay. 90.18-20 (234 , PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 91.30-33 (99, Euh) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Flor. I 1.10-11 (153, Herm) [GA; pers., hypotheke, prop.; ked.]; 25.10-15 l. 13 (IIIm?, PtolEu) [GA]; 25.16-17 l. 17 (IIIm?, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.]; 28.6-7 (19, Herm) [GA; pers., prop., hypallagma]; 30.19-23 (362, Pisais) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 46.18-20 (183, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 51.7-10 l. 10 (138-161, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 62.2-5 (204, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 72.14-16 (128/9, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Fouad I 43.51-55 (189/90, Phoboou) [GA; pers., allel.]; 44.22-24 (44, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 47.19-21 (47, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.]; 51.21-24 (126, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Frankf. 1.24-25 (213A, Tholt) [ic.; diag.]; 2.27-28 (215/4A, Tholt) [ic.; diag.]; P.Freib. III 12a.5 (IIfA, UP) [GA, pers., prop.]; 12b.9-11 (172-162a UP) [ic.; ked.]; 34.31-32 (173a , Phil) [ic.; rep.-c.; diag.]; P.Gen. I 8.20-22 (141 Dionysias) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 8bis.11-14 (140/1, Dionysias) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9.1.12-14 (252, Phebichis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9.2.12-14 (252, Phebichis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12.18-24 (384, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 43.16-17 (227, PtolEu) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Gen. inv. 442.13-15 (IIA, HerakN) [ic.; pers. τῆς ἐν τῆι συγγραφῆι τιμῆς]; P.Genov. I 22.25 (345, Ox) [GA]; II 62.27-28 (98, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Giss. I 49.30-33 (IIIm, Ox) [GA; pers.]; P.Grenf. I 10.18-19 (174A, Diospolis Magna) [ic.; pers., prop.; μηθὲν ἧσσον]; 18.24-29 (131A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 20.17-20 (127A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 23.19-23 (117A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 28.11-12 (108A, Krok) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 29.12-15 (105A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 31.14-18 (101/0A, Path) [ic.; rep.-c.; synsitai; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 18.22-27 (127A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 21.18-25 (113A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 24.22-26 (105A, Krok) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 27.21-26 (103A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 29.26-31 (102A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Hamb. I 2.20-23 (59, Babylon, Heliopolites) [GA, pers. (plur.), prop.]; 21.2.10-13 (315, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 24.15-18 (223Α, ArsN) [ic.; ed.: [αὐτοῖς κ]α̣ὶ ἄλλωι τῶι τὴν συγγραφὴν ἐπιφέροντι; prop., Property of the Surety; ὡς πρὸς βασιλικά]; 30.25-28 (89 , Phil) [GA; pers.]; 32.12-14 (120, Kerkeuris) [GA; pers., prop.]; 55.18-19 (241 , PtolEu) [GA]; 71.22-24 (149, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 183.10-11 (251A, Takona) [ic.; πρὸς βασιλικά]; III 220.13-14 (223/4, PtolEu?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; IV 239.12-13 (delivery) (IIImA, Tholt?) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; P.Harr. I 145.2-3 (363/4, OxN) [GA]; P.Heid. III 239.2.10-12 (163, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; X 448.14-17 (125/6, Ankyron) [GA, pers., prop., ked.]; P.Hib. I 84a.9-10, 24-26 (285/4A, HerakN ?) [ic.; prop.; ed. πράσσον]τι τρόπωι ὧι ἂν βούληται;]; 88.13-15 (263A, HerakN ?) [ic.; pers., prop.; diag.]; 90.15-16 (222A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 91.12-13 (244/3A, OxN) [ic.; diag.]; 124.19-20 (c. 250A, OxN) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers.; πρὸς βασιλικά]; P.Horak 23.15 (148/149 ?, ArsN) [GA; [ed. πράξεως οὔσης ἐκ τε τοῦ ἀμ]π̣ελῶνος καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ πάντω[ν];]; 82.1-3 (30A-14, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Iand. IV 60.4-11 (III/IV, UP) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.IFAO I 1.25-27 (27, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12.2-5 (197, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 14.13-15 (140, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 30.26-28 (138-160, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; III 1.10 (c. 100, ArsN) [GA]; P.Jena II 3.1-3 (337, UP) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Köln II 102.11-12 (418, OxN) [GA; pers., prop.]; III 147.11-13 (30A-15, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 150.18-19 (226/242, OxN) [GA; pers., prop.]; 151.26-28 (423, KynopN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 220.24-27 (208A/191A, ArsN) [ic.; pers., prop.; pros basilika]; VIII 350.42-44 (143a, Krok) [pers., prop.; ked.]; XIV 583.17-19 (Vf, OxN) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; 585.4-5 (461/2, OxN) [GA, pers., prop., ked.]; 587.5 (Vf, Ox) [ked.]; XV 611.12-16 (before 8, UP) [GA, pers. (plur.), pers., prop, skepe]; 614.17-20 (138-160, Stratonos, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XVI 642.16-17 (256A, HerakN) [ic.; diag.]; 652.21-23 (183/185, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Kron. 9.19-21 (111 Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 15.5-7 (116/7 or 135/6, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 16.31-34 (138, Teb) [ic.; τῆς πράξεως τοῦ κεφαλαίου καὶ τόκων, pers., prop.]; 17.25-27 (140, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 22.12-15 ( II, Teb) [GA; pers., prop., Surety, Property of Surety]; P.Laur. IV 163.9 (279, UP); 165.14-15 (305, Ox) [GA, pers.]; 166.b.1 (289/90, Ox?) [ked.]; 176.14-15 (316, OxN?) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Leid.Inst. 17 side II a ll. 13-15 (IVm, UP) [GA, pers., prop., ked.]; 66.10-11 (427, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Lips. I 10.1.5-2.11, ll. 1.38-40 (178, Herm) [ic.; pers., prop., hypallagma; ked.]; 11.5-7 (247, Herm?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13.19-20 (364, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 128.20-24 (19A, Talithis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 143.10-12 (169-176 or 180-192, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; P.Lond. II 218.11-13 (111A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; κατὰ τὴν συγγραφήν; ked.]; 225.18-21 (118A, UP) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 294.26-27 (160, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 298.20-22 (124, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 308.17-20 (145, Herakleia) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 310.16-19 (146, Pelousion) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 311.17-18 (149, Herakleia) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 336.20-23 (167, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; III 939.14-16 (225, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 943.9-11 (227, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 975.14-17 (314, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 976.7-9 (315, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1166.15-16 (43, Herm) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1168.12-14 (44, Herm) [GA; pers., prop., ed. ll. 13-14: μετὰ τὴν ὡρισμένην ἀπόδοσιν ἔκ τε τῆς Στοτοήτιος κ(αὶ) ἐκ τῶν μεμισθωμένων οἰκοπέδων κ(αὶ) ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῇ | πάντων;], ked.]; 1203.10-12 (113A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1243.13-16 (281, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; VII 1986.9-11 (252A, Alex) [ic.; τῶν κατ̣ὰ̣ τ̣[ὴν συγγραφήν, pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Louvre I 17.17-19 (II, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 19.15-17 (216, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 110.13-16 (139-160, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Lund VI 3.28-30 (139, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Mert. I 6.26-29 (77A, Nestou Epoikion); 10.23-25 (21, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 17.36-39 (158, Oasitou Epoikion) [GA; pers., prop., allel.]; 25.16-18 (214, OxN) [GA, pers., prop.]; 36.15-17 (360, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; 37.10-13 (373, PtolEu) [ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως, ic., pers., prop., ked.]; II 76.28-31 (181, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop. (detailed account)]; 78.14-19 (131, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; III 109.21-23 (II, OxN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 110r.21-24 (154, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Meyer 5.4-6 (98-117, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 7.21-24 (130, Polydeukia) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Mich. III 191.24-26 [with no. 192] (60, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; V 310.14-16 (26/7, ArsN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 333.20-21 (52, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 340.59-63 (45/6, Teb) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; IX 566.11-14 (86, Hiera Nesos) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 567.24-26 (78, Kar) [GA; pers., prop.]; 573.13-15 (316, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; Surety, prop.; ked.]; X 585.21-23 (87, Bac) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 586.15-17 (c. 30, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 587.32-34 (24/2, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XI 606.12-14 (224, Thead) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 610.36-38 (282, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 614.23-25 (c. 258/9, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XII 634.19-21 (25/6, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XV 728.5-7 (IV/V, UP) [GA; pers., prop.]; XVIII 792.24-26 (221, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Mich. inv. 1354.20-22 (289, Krok) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Mil. I 8.5-14 (48, Thead) [GA, pers., prop.; ked.]; 49.6-8 l. 8 (I, ArsN?) [prop.]; 52.15-16a (285, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; 55.21 (307, Ox) [GA]; 56.15-16 (V, OxN) [GA]; 57.16-19 (74, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 58.10-13 (IIend/IIIb) [GA, pers., prop.; ked.]; II 68.18-20 (154, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Mil.Vogl. II 71.13-14 (172-175, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Monts.Roca IV 77.15-17, 41-44 (148A, Hephaistias) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., prop.]; P.NagHamm. 64.14-17 (346, Diospolis Parva) [GA; pers., prop.; ed.: μέχρι ἀπο]|δόσ̣ε̣ω̣[ς -ca.?- ];] P.Neph. 32.14-16 (344, HerakN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.NYU I 22.14-18 (329, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.]; 24.10-14 (373, Kar) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 14.2-4 (IIa?, AphrN)?; 23.12-15 (326, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῇ ἀπαιτήσει; GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Oslo II 37.13-15 (295, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 39.17-20 (146, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 40a.20-22 (150, Ox) [ic., pers., slave, remaining property]; 40b.57-63 (150, Ox) [ic.; pers., house, remaining property]; 41.18-20 (331, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 43.8-9 (140/1, ProsopN) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Oxf. 10.28-30 (98-117, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Oxy. I 101.44-47 (142, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 103.19-20 (316, Ox) [GA; pers.; allel.]; II 267.1-34 ll. 15-16 (37, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 269.1.10-12 (57, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 270.47-49 (94, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 278.23-27 (17, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; III 496.16 (127, Ox) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; καθότι πρὸς ἀλλήλους συνεχώρησαν] ; 497.18-20 (IIe, Ox) [ed. ἐπὶ δὲ πασῶν] τῶν περὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως καὶ ἀνακομιδῆς τῆς φερνῆς διαστολῶν; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 499.29-33 (121, Senepta/Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 501.45?-47? (186, Ox) [prop.]; 502.40-43 (164, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 507.20-22 (146, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; IV 728.22-24 (142, Thosbis) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 729.21-22 (138, Ox) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 730.27-31 (130, Senepta/Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 836.25-30 (Before 66/5A or 15/4A, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; VI 905.14-16 (170, OxN) [GA; τῷ ἐκδ̣ιδόν[τ]ι; pers., prop.]; 910.36-38 (197, Pakerke/Ox) (delivery) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 912.32-35 (235, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 914.14-18 (486, Ox) [GA: εἰσπράξεως; pers., prop.] ; 988r.1.13-15, 2.35-37 (224, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; VII 1036.31-34 (272, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 1039.13-15 (210, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 1041.19-20 (381, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; VIII 1124.18-20 (26, Ox) (delivery et alia) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1127.28-30 (183, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 1130.23-24 (484, Senokomis) [GA; pers., prop.]; X 1273.34-36 (260, OxN) [ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως τῆς προκειμένης φερνῆς; ic.; pers., prop.]; 1281.1-2 (21, Sinary) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XII 1471.29-32 (81, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1474.11-22, ll. 18-19 (216, OxN) [GA; pers., prop.]; XIV 1631.32-33 (280, Ox) [GA; pers., allel.]; 1639.14-18 (73a/44a, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.; Skepe]; 1640.2.6-9 (252, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 1641.15-16 (68, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1689.36-39 (266, Ox) [GA; pers., allel.]; 1695.29-30 (360, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 1711.15-18 (IIIl, Ox) [PA; pers., prop.]; 1891.19-20 (495, Ox) [ic. εἴσπραξις; pers., prop.]; 1973.15-17 (420, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; XVII 2109.49-50 (261, Ox)v[GA]; 2137.35-37 (226, Episemou Epoikion) [GA; pers., prop.]; XVIII 2188.11-13 (107, Ox) (delivery) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 2189.25-29 (219, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XXII 2350.1.23-26, 3.15-18 (224, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 2351.53-57 (112, Ox) (delivery) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.]; XXXI 2584.19-20 (211, Ox); [GA; pers., prop.]; 2585.18-19 (315, Ox) [GA; pers.]; XXXIII 2676.38-41 (151, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 2677.8-10 (II, OxN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XXXVI 2773.28-31 (82, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 2795.25-27 (250, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; XXXVIII 2874.35-36 (108, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; XLI 2974.27-30 (162, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; XLII 3049a.16-18, b24-26 (247, Ox) [GA; pers., allel.]; XLIII 3146.17-18 (347, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; XLIV 3200.31-32 (II/III, Ox) [ic.; pers.]; XLV 3257.15-16 (318, Ox) [GA; pers., allel.]; 3260.22-23 (323, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 3266.19-21 (337, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; XLVII 3351.12-13 (34, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 3352.4-7 (68, OxN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 3354.49-50 (c. 257, Nomou Epoikion or Senepta) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; XLIX 3485.18-21 (38, Ox) [GA; pers., prop., allel., ked.]; 3488.51-53 (70/1, Ox) [ic.; pers.]; 3493.10-11, 24-26 (175, Ox) [Ga; pers., prop.; ked.]; 3494.12-13, 31-33 (175, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 3512.18-20 (492, Ox) [GA: εἰσπράξεως; pers., prop.]; L 3597.36 (260, Ox) [GA]; 3599.17-20 (460, OxN) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; 3800.34-36 (219, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 3802.20-21 (296, Ox) [GA; pers.]; LVII 3911.34-36 (199, Pimpasi) [GA; pers., prop.]; LXI 4117.14-16 (240, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 4121.22-23 (289/90, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 4124.17 (318, Ox) [GA]; 4125.25-27 (322, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; LXIII 4394.151-171 (494, Alex) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., prop.]; 4395.40-43 (499, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; LXIV 4439.26-31 (258/9, Ox) [GA; pers., prop., allel.]; LXVI 4532.15-16 (85, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 4534.13-14 (335, Ox) [GA]; LXVII 4595.35-37 (261, Ox) [GA; pers.]; LXIX 4739.24-26 (127, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 4745.41-47 (202, Ox) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.]; 4747.20-21 (296, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 4753.26 (341, Ox) [GA; pers.]; LXXI 4826.10-12 (168/9, Philonikou) [GA; pers., prop.; πρ̣άσ‹σ›ον̣τι κυρίως]; 4827.35-37 (173/4, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 4828.1.21-23, 2.19-22 (195, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 4831.18-20 (429, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; LXXII 4897.14-16 (391, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 4901.12 (408, OxN) [GA]; 4904.11 (417, Ox) [GA]; 4907.12-14 (422, HerakN?) [GA; pers., prop.]; LXXVII 5109.43-48 (161/2, Ox) [ic.; pers., allel., prop.]; LXXIX 5211.2.15-17 (303, Ox) [GA, pers., prop.]; P.Oxy.Hels. 36.12-14 (167, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 41.45-47 (223/4, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 43.23-26 (III, Ox) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; P.Petr. III 55a.15-16 (235/4A, Krok) [ic.; diag.]; P.Pintaudi 32.5-7 (224, Ox?) [GA, pers., prop.]; P.Prag. II 167.11-12 (580/595, ArsN) [prop.]; P.Princ. III 142.12-15 (I/II, Teb?) [GA; pers., prop.]; 144.20-23 (219/20 or 239/40, PtolEu) [GA; pers., ἐκ τοῦ ἡμίσους μέρους οἰκίας; prop.; ked.]; P.Rain.Cent. 82.25-26 (304/5, HerakN) [ked.]; P.Rein. II 103.29-30 (26, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 105.8-10 (432, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Ross.Georg. II 19.46-48 (141, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Ryl. II 160d.2.20-21 (42, SokN) [GA; pers.; ked.]; 173a.18-20 (99, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 177.12-13 (246, Herm) [GA; pers., prop., hypallagma; ked.]; IV 582.18-21 (42A, OxN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 586.30-35 (99A, Ox) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 587.20-22 (87A, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 662.16-19 (364, Antin) [GA; pers., allel., prop.; ked.]; 670.7-13 (IeA, UP) [ed. l. 9: [ -ca.?- ] ̣αι ἑαυτοῦ κομίσασθα[ι -ca.?- ];]; P.Sakaon 63.3-5 (302/3, Thead) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; 64.13-15 (307, Thead) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; 65.15-18 (328, Thead) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; 66.13-16 (328, Thead) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; 94.13-17 (284, Thraso) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; 96.16-18 (303, Thraso) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers.; prop.; ked.]; P.Sarap. 19.10-12 (118, MagdMir) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Select. 7.10-11 (314, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 15.15-17 (435, Herak); [GA; rep.-c.; pers., allel., prop.]; P.Sorb. I 17 (scr.int.) 15-17, (scr.ext.) 16-18 (257A, Mermertha) [ic.; pers., prop., Property of Surety; pros basilika]; P.Stras. I 1.10-12 (435, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 52.11-12 (151, Herm) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., Hypotheke, prop.; ked.]; III 131.18-19 (363, ArsN) [GA]; 143.19-23 (211, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 147.12-15 (54-68, HermN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; IV 203.12-13 (88/9, UP) [GA; pers.]; 204.24-29 (161-169, PtolEu) [GA; pers.: ed.: [ἔκ] τε τῶν πε[ρὶ το]ῦ [Ἑρμῆ]|[το]ς;]; prop.; ked.]; 225.1-9, ll. 9-10 (IIs, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 225.10-24, ll. 22-24 (IIs, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 225.25-33, ll. 32-33 (IIs, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 230.18-21 (143/4, Phil) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 256.10-13 (132, Selilais) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 289.5-8 (48, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 293.17-18 (138-161, Berenikis Aigialou) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; V 303.2-5 (161-169, UP) [GA; pers., prop., allel.; ked.f]; 344.2-4 (II, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 374.13-17 (II, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 382.8-9 (94, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 391.11 (IIIm, ArsN) [GA; pers.]; 437.25 (121, Bac) [GA; ked.]; VI 525.21-22 (98-117, Bac) [GA; ked.]; VII 620v.10-12 (V, UP) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; GA; pers., prop.]; VIII 746.3-4 (II, ArsN) [ked.]; 748.3-6 (III, UP) [GA; pers., prop.]; 776.5-7 (IV, HermN ?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; IX 817.17-18 (IV, Herm ?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 898.10 (III, UP) [ic.]; P.Tebt. I 109.26-29 (93A, Kerkeosiris) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 312.17-19 (123/4, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 384.12-13 (10, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 388.22-24 (98, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 390.27-29 (167, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Tebt.Tait 49.b.2-6 (89, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Tebt.Wall 9.17-20 (33, Teb) [GA, prop., ked.]; P.Upsala 94.12-14 (408, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Ups.Frid. 3.1-25, ll. 10-11 (122, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 5.1.20-22 (261, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; P.Vars. 10.1.13-15 (155, Ptolemais Drymu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Vind.Bosw. 12.12-14 (286/7, Herm) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Vind.Sijp. 12.22-24 (184, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13.17-20 (372, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Vind.Tand. 22.16-19 (64, Nilopolis) [GA; pers., prop. ked.]; 23.6-8, 32-34 (225, HerakN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Vind.Worp 10.6-8 (143/4, SokN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Wash.Univ. I 22.10-12 (IVe, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; P.Wisc. I 7.36-38 (259/60, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 10.14-16 (468, Ox) [GA εἰσπράξεως; pers., prop.]; P.Yadin 11.9-10 (scr.int.), 25-28 (scr.ext.) (124, En Gedi) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., Property (present and future); ed.: τρόπῳ ᾧ ἂν αἱρ̣ῆ̣τ̣αι ὁ π̣ρ̣άσσω̣[ν]; ed.: παντί τῷ δι]ά σου ἢ ὑπέρ σου̣ κ̣[υρίως] | 10 τοῦτο τ[ὸ] γράμμα προφέροντι]; 17.12-15, 33-38 (128, Maoza) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ed.: τρό̣π̣ῳ̣ ᾧ̣ ἂν αἱρῆται ὁ̣ πράσσων τὴν εἴσπρα̣|ξιν πο̣ι̣εῖσ[θ]αι]; ed.: τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς προφέροντι τὴν συνγραφὴν ταύτην]; 18.19-20 (scr.ext.) 54-56 (scr.int.) (128, Maoza) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 21.24-27 (130, Maoza) [ic.; pers., prop.]; P.Yale I 60.12-15 (unique formulation) (6/5A, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 64.23-25 (74/5, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; PSI I 36a.4.21-24 (12/3, Thead?) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 42.12-14 (IV, Theoxenis) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως, ic.]; III 178.8-9 (291, Ox) [GA]; 187.19-20 (274/5 or 280/1 or 289/90, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 203.12 (87, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; IV 316.17-18 (328, Ox) [GA]; 389.7 (243A, Phil) [ed.: πρᾶξις ἔστω Ζήνωνι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους κα̣[ὶ τὸ διάγραμμα;]; V 468.30-32 (200, Ox) (delivery) [ic.; prop.]; 469.21 (334, Ox) [GA]; VI 701.25-29 (III, Aphr) [GA; pers., prop.]; 702.10-12 (III, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 710.5-7 (II, Ox?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; VII 739.28-30 (163, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; VIII 929.20-24 (111, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; IX 1028.16-20 (15, Teb) [GA; rep.-c.; τῶν [κ]α̣τὰ τὴν συνγραφ[ήν; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1030.23-25 (109, Ox) [GA: τοῦ φόρου; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1036.21-24 (192, OxN) [ic.; pers., Surety, prop.]; 1051.19-22 (26, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1068.17-18 (246, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; X 1099.14-17 (6/5A, Ox) [GA; pers., allel.; ked.]; 1115.20-21 (152, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; 1120.9-11 (IlA/Ie, UP) [ic.; pers., prop.; Skepe]; 1131.22-24 (41, PtolEu) [GA; object: τῶ[ν κα]τὰ τὸ δάνειον;]; pers., prop.; ked.]; 1142.21-23 (154, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.]; XII 1249.31-35 (265, Ox) [GA; pers., Surety, allel.]; 1250.18-23 (265, Ox) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; 1251.23-25 (252, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 1253.16-18 (186, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XIII 1311.35-38 (136A, Berenikis Smophorou) [ic.; object: τ̣ῶ̣ν κατὰ τὴ[ν συγγραφὴν] | 35[γεγραμμένων;]; pers., Surety, prop.; ked.]; 1319.2.59 (76, SokN) [GA]; 1338.19-20 (299, Ox) [GA; pers.]; 1340.16-18 (420, Petne) [ic.; pers., prop.]; XVII 1699.23-25 (173/4, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; SB I 4370.16-19 (229, HerakN) [GA; pers., Hypotheke, ked.]; 4501.8-9 (V, ArsN); 4687.1-6 (VI, ArsN); 5139.7 (VI, ArsN); 5244.10-13 (8A, SokN); III 7201.19-21 (553, Aphr); IV 7358.13-16 (277-282, Kar); 7443.19-20 (285, Ox); 7444.14-15 (327, Ox); 7466.16-20 (147, Thead); 7467.12-16 (221, Phil); V 7532.20-23 (74A, Nilopolis); 7535.19-22 (198/9, PtolEu); VI 8974.37-39 (IbA, Boursiris) [ic.; rep.-c.; κατὰ τ]ὴν συνγραφήν; ked.];; 9110.20-23 (26, Teb) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop., πάντων] | καὶ θαλλοῦ ἄρτων πεπτ[ῶν] ἀ̣ρτ[άβην μίαν -ca.?- ]; ked.]; 9155.12-15 (223, ArsN) [GA, pers., prop., ked.]; 9254.1-7 (II, ArsN) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers.; hypotheke; τῶν κα[τὰ τ]ὴν συνγραφήν; ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ πάντῃ πάντων καὶ πάσ‹ης› οὐσίας να[υ]τικῶν]; 9270.13-15 (337, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9282.10-11 (c. 500, HerakN) [GA; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9291.29-32 (93, Thead) [GA, pers., prop., ked.]; 9311.12-16 (374, Kar) [ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9569.6-8 (91, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; VIII 9918.19-21 (179/80, OxN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 9919.8 (IIIl, OxN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; X 10222.15-19 (20, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; Skepe]; 10238.16-18 (37, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 10246.14-16 (55, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 10249.24-26 (58/9, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 10263.29-31 (204, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 10492r.7-8 (163, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 10538.20-22 (130, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XII 10787.19-21 (133, Teb) [GA; pers.; hypallagma]; 10942.31-33 (double context) (4A, OxN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 11059.10-11 (244A, Ox) [ic.; rep.-c.; diag.]; 11061.16-17 (non delivery) (218A, Tholt) [ic.; pers.; diag.]; 11228.30-33 (204, OxN) [GA; pers., allel., Antichresis, prop.; ked.]; XIV 11279.36-37 (44, Thead) [GA; pers.]; 11281.30-32 (172, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 11284.14? (102-116, UP); 11385.16-19 (326, ArsN) [ἐπὶ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως, ic., pers., prop.; ked.]; 11386.17-20 (288, PtolEu); 11491.20-22 (59, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 11598.13-16 (III, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 11600.22-25 (91-96, Bac ?) [GA; pers., prop.]; 11705.14-16 (213, ArsN) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 11907.19-22 (239, PtolEu) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12017.21-23 (156, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12023.12-16 (II, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12088.23-25 (346, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 12105.23-27 (129, Thead) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12109.11-15 (377, Kar) [ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως; ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12180.9-10 (186, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12190.15-19 (297, UP) [GA; pers., prop., κατὰ τὸ τῆς ἀλληλεγγύης δίκαιον; ked.]; XVI 12334.6-22 ll. 21-22 (IIl, Phil) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12486.18-20 (470, HermN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12469.15-18 (26A, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12539.24-26 (non delivery) (26, Teb) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12716.21-27 (129A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 12812.10-11 (255A, Phil) [ic.; prop.; ὡς πρ[ὸς βασιλικά]; 12986.11-14 (c. 131-113A, PathN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13017.22-25 (24A, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13030.11-12 (205, Alabastrine) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XVIII 13102.9-11 (81-95, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13154.5-6 (IIA/IA, UP) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13255.5-6 (231A, Tholt) [ic.; pers., κατὰ τὸ διάγραμμα]; 13847.5 (114a-97A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 13947.13-15 (507, OxN) [GA: εἰσπ̣ράξεως̣; pers., prop.]; 13974.13 (after 250, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XX 14298.12-14 (IV, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 14337.33-35 (103, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 14338.15-17 (delivery and taxes) (120, Ox) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 14464.24-25 (bebaiosis) (II, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 14628.3-6 (214/5, Ox) [GA; pers., prop.]; 14970.18-21 (149, Euh) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; ΧΧΙΙ 15327.10-12 (III/IV, Kar) [GA, pers., prop.; ked.]; 15240.30-33 (156A, Ammonias) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 15728.16-19 (347, Euh) [ἐπὶ τῆ̣ς ἀπαιτήσεως, GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 15325.6-7 (176?, Kar) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 15538.11-12 (13A, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XXIV 15879.4-5 (IVf, Kar) [ἐπὶ τῆ̣ς ἀπαιτήσεως, ic.]; 15881.5-8 (III/IV, Kar) [GA, pers., prop.; ked.]; 16265.6-7 (259/60?, OxN) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; XXVI 16567.14-17 (I/II, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 16752.10-12 (494/5, OxN) [GA; eispraxis, pers., prop.]; 16756.8-10 (IV/V, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XXVIII 17049.3 (II, Teb); 17164.17-22 (70-132, Murabaat) [GA; ed.: προ̣φερ[όντων τόδε τὸ χ]ειρ̣όγραφον; pers., prop. (also future acquisitions); 17232.15-17 (484, Ox) [GA; pers., allel., prop.]; 17265.b1.1-4, ll. 3-4 (111/10A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 17265.d1.1-5, ll. 4-5 (111/10A, Path) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; 17265.d1.6-10, ll. 9-10 (111/10A, Path) [ic.]; SPP IV pp. 116–117, ll. 19-22 (109/10, Euh) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; XX 16.23-27 (193, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 22.15-17 (216/7, HerakN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 45.10-11 (237, Mochchyris) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 51.15-18 (238, ArsN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 53.24-29 (246, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 55.10-12 (250, HerakN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 90.14-16 (415, HerakN) [GA; pers., prop.]; 114.12-14 (421, Alex) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 123.19-24 (445, Herak) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 146.12-13 (V/VI, Constantinople?) [prop.; ked.]; XXII 24.4-7 (II, UP) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 36.15-17 (145, Nilopolis or SokN?) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 78.3-4 (140/1, SokN) [ic.; pers., prop.]; 82.2-6 (II, SokN) [GA; pers., prop.; ked.]; 83.17-18 (146-156, SokN) [ic.; prop.]; UPZ I 125.25-28 (89A, Memphis) [ic.; rep.-c.; pers., prop.; ked.]; II 190.14-16 (98A, Thebes) [ic.; pers., prop.; ked.]; ZPE 200 (2016) 336-346 b 41044 (163 Ophis (Ox)).
2. Agogimos
Category: Envelope
The term agogimos is used in the context of Alexandrian synchoreseis, most of which date to the reign of Augustus. Never an independent clause, it appears in clauses dealing with some breach of contract on the part of the debtor (εἶναι αὐτὸν ἀγ̣ωγιμὸν καὶ συνέχεσθαι μέχρι τοῦ ἐκτεῖσαι κτλ.: ‘Let him be liable to seizure and detention until he pays as indemnity…’). Only in one text, the Ptolemaic P.Oxy. XIV 1639 (73 or 44 BCE, Oxyrhynchos), does the agogimos appear independently. In the context of the preceding praxis clause, the debtor renounces the right to exercise deeds of protection (pistis) ll. 16–18: μ̣ὴ̣ μενουσῶν ἡμῖν π[ί]στεων [κ]αθʼ ὁντινοῦν | 17 τρόπ[ον, τ]ῶν δʼ ἐπενεχθησομένων ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ἀκύρων | 18 οὐσῶν (‘… no plea of any kind remaining for us, and any that we may produce remaining invalid’). The following agogimos clause (ll. 18–20) has practical consequences, allowing the creditor to hold the debtor liable wherever he may seek refuge: ἀ[γ]ώγιμοί σο[ι δὲ] ἐσό̣μ̣ε̣θ̣α̣ ἐπί τε τοῦ προωνο|19μασμ[έν]ου Σαραπιείου καὶ ἐπὶ παντὸς ἀσύλου καὶ | 20 ἄρχοντ[ο]ς καὶ ὅπου ἂν τῶι καθόλου περιπίπτῃς ἡμῖν (‘We shall be liable to seizure by you both at the aforementioned Sarapieion, or in any place of asylum and before any magistrate and in any place whatsoever where you may encounter us’).
Bibl.: Woeß (1923): 61-74, 101-102; Pringsheim (1924): 488-499; Pestman (1963): 24-29; Müller (1985): 130-134; Tenger (1993): 114; Rupprecht (2007): 294.
3. Skepe-Pistis
Category: Envelope
In most Alexandrian documents, the skepe clause is integrated into the praxis clause. A case in point is BGU IV 1119 (6/5 BCE, Alexandria) ll. 42–46: γινομένης τοῖς μεμισθωκόσι τῆς πράξεως ἔκ τε | 43 τοῦ Ἀπολλων[ί]ου καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῶι πάντων | 44 καθάπερ ἐγ [δίκης ἀ]κύρων οὐσῶν καὶ ὧν ἐὰν ἐ̣π̣ε̣[νέγ]|45κ̣ῃ̣ πίστεων πασῶν καὶ προσταγμάτων σκέπης | 46 πάσης (‘Let the right to take action be at the lessor’s disposal against both Apollonios and all his properties, as if it were the consequence of a court ruling (and) all deeds of protection and decrees of any type of shelter be void’). In four cases, however, the issue of skepe is addressed independently. Cf., e.g., BGU IV 1053.4-12 (13 BCE, Alexandria): καὶ μὴ καταφεύ̣|5ξεσθαι ἐπὶ πίστης (l. πίστεις) μηδὲ ἐ̣φ̣ʼ | 6 [ἱ]ερὸν μερον (l. μέρος) μηδὲ ἐφʼ ἱκετικὸ[ν] | 7 ἀξίωμα μηδὲ ἐπὶ πρόσταγμ[α] | 8 φιλανθρώπων ἢ ‹εὐ›εργεσίας μη|9δὲ ἐπʼ ἄσυλον τόπον μηδὲ ἐπὶ | 10 λαικὴν βοήθηαν (l. βοήθειαν) μήδʼ ἐπʼ ἄλ|11λην μηδεμίαν ἁπλῶς σκέπ̣η̣ν̣, | 12 ἢ οἷς ἐὰν προσχρήσωνται, ἔστω|13σαν ἄκυρα (‘And (the debtors concede that) they shall not take refuge under any form of protection, neither in a sacred place nor through suppliant’s plea nor clemency decree nor act of benevolence nor in an inviolable place, even by means of unofficial succour, or in any other form of shelter whatsoever, or let any means they employ be void.’)
Bibl.: Woeß (1923): 96-104, 184-203; Pringsheim (1924): 499-502; Comfort (1934a): 80-88; Préaux (1939): 543-547; Schmitz (1964): 26-31; Piatkowska (1975): 49-54; Müller (1985): 134-136.
BGU IV 1053.4-13 (13A, Alex); 1126.20 (9A, Alex); 1147.32-33 (14/3A, Alex); 1156.24-28 (16/5A, Alex); VII 1662.13-20, ll. 16-17 (182, PtolEu).
4. Protopraxia
Category: Envelope
The term πρωτοπραξία, denoting preferential right of execution, is already attested in the edict of Ti. Julius Alexander (CIG 4957 = SB V 8444, 68 CE), where it is used twice: to record the right of the fiscus (l. 17), and of right of the wife to recover her dowry in case of sequestration of the property of her husband by the state (l. 26). In legal documents, the term is used in land sales, presumably only in the Herakleopolites, and is mostly dated to the third and fourth centuries CE. In the clause, it is stated that the instrument has been ‘brought to completion’ (ἐτελειώθη) at the parties’ own risk because of the fiscus’ protopraxia. According to an extended version, the present act shall not infringe upon any other right, public or private. For the longer version, see in particular CPR VI 73.32-34 (222-235 CE, Herakleopolites): ὁ δὲ χρηματισμὸς ἐτελειώθη κινδύνῳ [αὐτῶν τῆς πρω]|τοπραξίας οὔσης τῷ δημοσί[ῳ μηδενὸς] δ̣η̣[μοσίο]υ ἢ ἰδιωτικ̣[οῦ καταβλα]|πτομένου (‘The act has been brought to completion at their risk right of first execution being for no public or private interest being prejudiced).
Bibl.: Wieacker (1939): 234-236; Chalon (1964): 137-143; Burkhalter (2004): 99-114; Wieling (1989): 407-411.
CPR I 2.11-13 (II/III, HerakN) [sh.]; 3.13-14 (ΙΙΙm, HerakN) [sh.]; 64.21 (227, Peenamis) [sh.]; 76.32-33 (222-235, HerakN) [sh.]; 88.4 (IIIf, HerakN); 124.3-4 (IIIf, HerakN); 127.5-7 (IIIf, HerakN); 130.6 (IIIf, HerakN); 133.4-5 (IIIf, HerakN); 135.4 (IIIf, HerakN); 136.2-3 (IIIf, HerakN); 137.1 (c. 200, HerakN) [sh.]; 138.5-6 (IIIf, Herak) [sh.]; 141.11-12 (IIIf, Herak) [sh.]; 143.6-7 (IIIf, HerakN) [sh.]; 144.6-7 (IIIf, HerakN) [sh.]; 146.4 (II, HerakN); 150.5 (IIIf, HerakN) [ext.]; 152.2-3 (IIIf, HerakN); 153.9 (IIIf, HerakN); 156.9 (IIIf, HerakN); VI 73.32-34 (222-235, HerakN) [ext.]; XVIIb 1.90 (184/5, Panop); XVIIb 3.1-16, l. 11 (184/5, Panop); 18.1-14, ll. 9-10 (217/8, Panop); P.Neph. 29.21-22 (III/IV, HerakN) [sh.]; PSI XV 1546.1-27 l. 21 (222, HerakN); SB XIV 11703.5-7 (IIIl, HerakN) [ext.]; SPP XX 47.21-22 (238, HerakN) [sh.].
