{"id":34,"date":"2024-11-27T10:41:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T09:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/chapter\/chapter-8-capacity\/"},"modified":"2026-04-01T16:09:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T14:09:59","slug":"chapter-8-capacity","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/chapter\/chapter-8-capacity\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 8: Capacity","rendered":"Chapter 8: Capacity"},"content":{"raw":"
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Unlike the duty clauses, which record what a contracting party ought to perform, the capacity clauses report what the act recorded in the document allows the party to do. As discussed in the Introduction, the text of the homologia<\/em> naturally incorporates clauses that report past activity of the declaring party as well as the party\u2019s future obligations and prohibitions. However, it does not as naturally introduce accounts of rights of the silent party that derive from the legal act. Since the rights of the silent party, mostly the purchaser, are most commonly addressed in the capacity clause, scribes commonly employ the impersonal \u2018authorization formula\u2019 (\u1f14\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9, \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9), or result clauses (e.g., \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f79 + inf.). The capacity clause is most common in documents that record the conveyance of title in perpetuity, mostly in acts of sale, diairesis<\/em>, and antikatallage<\/em>. The array of relevant terms\u2014vast to begin with and ever larger as we approach the Byzantine period\u2014is best documented in the \u2018capacity clause\u2019 that occurs in deeds of sale. In this document, following confirmation of receipt of the consideration, the purchaser becomes the owner of the object. But the scribe, instead of merely reporting the new title, give a detailed account of its consequences: the rights of employment, modification, and alienation that it provides. The core is already well established in the early Roman period: \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1f77\u03b1, \u03ba\u03c1\u1f71\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, and \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1, followed by an account of the derivative actions. The list of verbs and of the persons who are entitled to benefit from these rights grows exponentially and, presumably in response to case-specific needs as Roman concepts and terms begin to infiltrate the language of the Greek contract. The same vocabulary is then used in other contexts to denote the same capacity. This is the case in wills, in the clause that grants the testator full authority over his assets before his death. It is also used to denote the acts that a debtor may not undertake, in the restraint clause. Scribes may also select some of the aforementioned verbs to record rights that fall short of ownership, such as the right of residence (cf. lessee\u2019s capacities<\/a>, the enoikesis<\/em> clause<\/a>) and the right of usufruct (antichresis<\/em>: land<\/a>).<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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1. Capacity Clause<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

The capacity clause is meant to define and cement a proprietary title. As such, it is at home in hereditary dispositions, diaireseis<\/em>, mortgage loans, and sales. Within the last-mentioned category, the clause is never used in the case of genus chattel; it is limited to documents recording the sale of animals, slaves, and real property. No Ptolemaic document records the sale of a slave or animal. Land is abundantly recorded, yet solely within the framework of the katagraphe<\/em>, in which the capacity clause is never used. With Ptolemaic antecedents very few for this reason (6), our study focuses on Roman and Byzantine evidence. The capacity clause becomes common in the first century CE (38), whence most of our evidence derives from Alexandria and the Arsinoite nome, and particularly so in the second (93), third (77) and fourth centuries (41). It is also well attested in the Byzantine period\u2014the fifth (11), sixth (38), and seventh centuries CE (16)\u2014and is used throughout Egypt as well as elsewhere.<\/p>\r\n

In sale documents, the capacity clause is the third recorded, after the clauses recording the act of sale and the payment of the price. The capacity clause records the purchaser\u2019s right of ownership as well as its consequences. Among the more than 100 verbs used in the capacity clause, four main groups are observed: (1)\u00a0<\/strong>manifestations of title (particularly \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9), (2) use of the object (most commonly \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u1f73\u03c9, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9); (3) improvement and modification of the object (e.g., \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c9, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9); and (4) alienation (e.g., \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03c9, \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03cc\u03c9, \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9, \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9). As this right is continuous or recurrently exercised, the tense most commonly used is the present, in the infinitive or the participle depending on the syntax of the clause. The same verbs recur in other contexts in which a party is granted or denied the right of disposal: foreclosure, freedom of future disposition in wills, a dowry clause, etc. Unlike the foreclosure clause, however, the capacity clause does not anticipate a party\u2019s entering the pledged object.<\/p>\r\n

For terms denoting title<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9 (and its nominal counterpart \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1f77\u03b1) is the most common (244) followed by \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9 (\u03ba\u03c1\u1f71\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2) (178) and the various derivations of the root desp<\/em>- (60 cases). Terms denoting the general right of disposition<\/strong> are attested: \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9 (154), \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u1f73\u03c9 (191), \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9 (100), \u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 (130) and the medio-passive voice of \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 (58). Within each group, certain cases or constructions are used to complement the verb, by and large following the syntactical rules: the genitive in the case of verbs denoting ownership and \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f77 + gen. for verbs expressing the general right of disposition and exploitation. Verbs recording alienation may be followed by the dative (e.g., in the case of sale: \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2) but may also be used absolutely; verbs recording transformation of the object are used absolutely. Finally, in the case of the verbs \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, the document reports the yields of the land as a direct object, (e.g., \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1).<\/p>\r\n

The earliest group, that of Alexandrian synchoreseis<\/em> [Type1]<\/strong>,<\/a> already exhibits the key features that will characterize the capacity clause in later times. In BGU IV 1130 (4 BCE, Alexandria), we read (ll. 13-16): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9[\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9]\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 | 14<\/sup> \u03c4\u0323\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03c0\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c7\u0323[\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7]\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u0323\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9]\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 15<\/sup> \u1f10\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8[\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u0323\u03c0\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03bb\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u1fd6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 | 16<\/sup> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f43 \u1f10[\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf]\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u2018And from now on let Sarapion control and master what was conveyed to him, add new buildings, offer it on lease, convey it to another, dispose, administer, and perform in their regard whatever he may wish\u2019). Stressing the immediate effect of the acquired position, the document first records the acquisition of title, coming into possession, and its key consequences: building up, leasing out, conveying to others, and all other forms of disposal.<\/p>\r\n

Early Roman sale documents from the Arsinoite nome introduce an account of the purchaser\u2019s capacities through non-prevention wording\u2014\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> [Type2]<\/a>\u2014<\/strong> with an account of the purchaser\u2019s rights in the participle. P.Lond. II 154.14-16 (68 CE, Karanis) is typical: \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 | 15<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1[\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd] \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\u0323 \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (l.<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4(\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (read \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2) \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b1\u03b9 | 16<\/sup> \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8(\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf(\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1[\u1ff3] \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (l.<\/em> \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2) \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6(\u03c2) \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u0323\u1f70\u0323\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1(\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9) (\u2018Let the vendor not prevent Philomen or his representatives from controlling (the purchased house), entering and maintaining it, demolishing and rebuilding it, using it in whatever form they find fit, mortgaging it or alienating them to another and using it in any way they find fit\u2019). Here both the title (\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) and the purchaser\u2019s resulting rights of disposition are reported paratactically, in the participle. Here too, the account moves from recording the title to describing its consequences, showing close affinity to the capacities recorded in the Alexandrian document quoted above. Already in the first century, one encounters a different formulation in diaireseis<\/em>, each former partner\u2019s capacity phrased independently (viz., not depending on the non-prevention formulation). P.Mich. III 186.22-24 (72, Bacchias): \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b1\u0323 | 23<\/sup> \u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03c8\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f67\u03bd \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1f7c\u03c2 | 24<\/sup> \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u02bc \u1f43\u03bd \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 (\u2018But let each of them and those receiving the assets from them own and master whatever was allotted to each as indicated above, and let each use his share undisturbed in whatever form they wish\u2019).<\/p>\r\nElsewhere the scribe draws a clear distinction between the title and its consequences:\r\n

One way of expressing this distinction is through the nominal pair \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong> with the consequences of the title recorded in the participle [Type3]<\/strong><\/a>. This wording is invoked in the Hermopolite and Oxyrhynchite nomes from the second through the fifth century CE. Differently from its Arsinoite counterpart, the document also records the immediacy and permanency of the title. P.Stras. III 144.9-12 (244 CE, Hermopolites): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c3\u0323\u1f72 [\u03ba]\u03b1\u0323\u1f76\u0323 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 [\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd]\u03bf\u0323\u03c5 \u1f61\u03c2\u0323 \u03c0[\u03c1\u03cc]\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323[\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b1\u0323\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03c1\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u0323[\u03c1]\u03b7\u03c2 [\u1f21\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2] | 10<\/sup> \u03ba\u03c5[\u03c1\u03af\u03b1]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc[\u03ad\u03bd]\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1[\u1f76] \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u0323\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd[\u03c4]\u03b1\u0323\u03c2\u0323 [\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba]\u03b1\u0323\u03b8\u0323\u02bc \u1f43\u0323[\u03bd \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd] \u03b1\u0323\u1f31\u0323\u03c1\u0323[\u1ff6\u03bd]\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5[\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2] | 11<\/sup> \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9]\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f00[\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1]\u03bf\u0323\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf[\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae]\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u1f76 [\u03c0]\u03b5\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03b9\u0323[\u03b5]\u03c3\u0323\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5[\u03bd\u03b1] \u03c0\u0323\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf[\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6] | 12<\/sup> \u03bd\u0323\u1fe6\u0323\u03bd [\u1f10\u03c0]\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd (\u2018And let pertain to you and your representatives the ownership and dominion of the aforesaid sold half-aroura<\/em> of catoicic land, using and administering it in whatever manner you see fit, enjoying the fruits, collecting for your personal use its annual yields and all that accrues in the future, from now for all time\u2019).<\/p>\r\n

The same phenomenon\u2014a hierarchy of verbs denoting ownership and those assigning the capacity to dispose\u2014is created whenever the verbs denoting ownership\u2014\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u2014are supplemented by the expression \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9, \u2018to have authority to\u2019, which introduces an account of activities resulting from title: construction, demolition, transformation, sowing, selling, mortgaging, donating, leasing out, disposing by will, and others. This formulation [Type4]<\/strong><\/a> occurs from the second century onwards and is common throughout Egypt until late antiquity. See, e.g., BGU III 825.2-6, from 190\/1 Arsinoites, one of its earliest attestations: \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f00\u03c0\u1f78] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd | 3<\/sup> \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5[\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1]\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 | 4<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1[\u1f50\u03c4]\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 | 5<\/sup> \u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f10\u03be]\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9|6<\/sup>\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f43 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u2018And from now on she shall dominate and own the house which, as stated earlier, was sold to her, shall collect all its yields for her personal use, and shall have the authority to sell them to others, administer them, and perform in their regard whatever legal act she see fit\u2019).<\/p>\r\n

The Byzantine evidence exhibits both formulations: a list of terms of ownership recorded paratactically [type1]<\/strong>, and the hierarchical account, in which following an account of the ownership the individual capacities are derived from the phrasing \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd [type4]<\/strong>. SB I 5114.24-34 (630-640 CE, Apollonopolis Magna) is paradigmatic of the former category: \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 ?) \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0396\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 - ca.9 -] | 25<\/sup> \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u1f72\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf(\u03c5) \u03c4\u03c1\u03af[\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2] | 26<\/sup> \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u1f10\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u0323[\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd] | 27<\/sup> \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf[\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5] | 28<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9[\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd] | 29<\/sup> \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd] | 30<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6[\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd] | 31<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9[\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2] | 32<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2039\u03cc\u03c7\u203a\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f01\u03c0\u03bb[\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd] | 33<\/sup> \u1f10\u03c0\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 [\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] | 34<\/sup> \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 (\u2018So that you, the aforesaid Zacharia and [ - - ] will control forthwith and for all time, own, and dominate in accordance with every right of irrevocable ownership, that very one-third of a house of the late Tachymia from foundation to airspace together with all common rooms, entrance and exit, and upstairs and downstairs in the same proportion of one-third, and shall inhabit, administer, transform, build and rebuild, give away, surrender, let out, exchange, sell, donate, transfer to children, bequeath to heirs and possessors, and, in general, say and do whatever the laws afford to absolute proprietors authoritatively and without hindrance\u2019).<\/p>\r\nBibl.: Schwarz (1920): 170-184; Taubenschlag (1955): 326; L\u00fcddeckens (1960): 319-320; Zauzich (1968): 135; Kniepkamp (1970): 41-45; Draht (1970): 9-10; Wolff (1974): 83-92; Straus (2004): 145-147.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn the following list, italics are reserved to cases in which the verb appears in the participle, and not in the infinitive or indicative mood.\r\n

BGU<\/span> I<\/strong> 13.9-11 (289, ArsN) [1: exous.: pol., epitel., dioik.]; 71.16-18 (189, Kar) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik.]; 94.16-17 (289, PtolEu) [4: kyrieu.; exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 233.13-15 (161-169, ArsN) [2: oikonom.]; 234.18 (142, Kar); 241.36-38 (177, Kar) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., epitel.]; 282.32-36 (175-180, ArsN) [4: krat., kyr., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 316.20-21 (359, Askalon) [1: ech., ktas., chras., pol., dioik.]; 350.12-14 (103-15, Nilopolis) [2: kyr., eisod., exod., kathair., anoikod., episkeuaz., pol., hypoth.<\/em>]; II<\/strong> 422.18-20 (139\/40, ArsN) [men.: KYR., KRAT.]; 542.11-13 (165, Athenas Kome) [4: krat., kyr., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 666.23-26 (177, ArsN) [4: KYR, apopher.]; 667.15-17 (222, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu.<\/em>, apopher.*, exall.<\/em>, dioik., oikonom.]; III<\/strong> 709.17-18 (138-161, Kar) [2a: apopher., mesit., parach.<\/em>*]; 805.9-10 (138, SokN?); 825.1-6 (190\/1, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu.]; 859.13-15 (161-163, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., hypoth., oikonom.]; 901.4-5 (II\/III, ArsN) [2a: oikod., oikonom.<\/em>]; 906.5-9 (34\/5, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., prosdiair., misth., potiz., ekch., mesit., parach., dioik.<\/em>]; 917.14-17 (348, PtolEu) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: metapol., hypoth., tel.]; 1002. (55A<\/sup><\/span>, Herm); IV<\/strong> 1013.17-18 (41-68, ArsN) [3\/4: exous.: pol., hypoth., oikonom.]; 1037.34-37 (48, Kar) ]<\/span>kyrieu.]; 1049.17-20 (342, PtolEu) [1: kyrieu., tel., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 1059.9-12 (30A<\/sup><\/span>-14, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., parach.]; 1129.19-28 (13A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., parach., ekmisth., apopher., oikonom., epitel., tel.]; 1130.13-16 (4A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., embat., epoikod., ekmisth., parach., chres., dioik., epitel.]; 1170.50-60, ll. 54-57 (10A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: exeinai: parad. (inf.aor.), enechyr., apopher., epitel.]; VII<\/strong> 1642.11-12 (II, Phil) [2: KRAT., KYR.: chra., oikonom.<\/em>]; VIII<\/strong> 1732.6-8 (80-30a<\/sup><\/span> Herak) [\u1f27\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 1733.9-11 (80-30a<\/sup><\/span> Herak); XI<\/strong> 2052.12-13 (II, Herakleia?) [2: kyrieu., apopher., hypotith., exall.<\/em>]; 2054.16-17 (184-192, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>]; 2113.11-13 (178\/9, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.]; 2478.12 (c. 90-96, Kar) [2: anoikod., enoik.<\/em>]; XVII<\/strong> 2698.16-20 (VII, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu.*, despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., ekmisth., metamisth., ktiz., epiktiz., pol., hypoth., charis., antikatal., poi., prat.]; XIX<\/strong> 2830.10-11 (309\/10, Herm) [NC]; 2831.6-14 (VIf<\/sup>, Herm) [1: kyrieu., despoz., chre., oikonom., dioik., anagag., parapemp., ekpoi., hypoth., antikatal., epidid.]; 2833.7 (249, Herm) [NC]; CPR<\/span> I<\/strong> 4.21-24 (52, Herakleia) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod.,<\/em> apopher., chr., hypoth., exall., oikonom.<\/em>]; 11.24-26 (108, PtolEu) [krat., kyrieu, oikonthes.]; 28.8-28, l. 18 (110, PtolEu) [ed.: \u1f21 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3{\u03b5}\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2;]; 104.16-17 (c. 190-192, ArsN) [men.: KRAT., KYR.]; 105.11 (II, ArsN) [1: kyrieu., krat.]; 146.1-2 (II, ArsN) [NC]; 148.1 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [NC]; 156.5-6 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [exous.: oikonthes.*]; 163.6 (IIIf<\/sup>, HerakN) [NC]; 168.8-9 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [KYR., KRAT.*]; 170.17-18 (103-117, ArsN) [2: oikonom.<\/em>*]; 175.22-24 (IIIf<\/sup>, PtolEu) [2: krat., oikonom.<\/em>]; 179.17 (I\/II, PtolEu?) [2: kyrieu., oikonom.<\/em>]; 186.11-12 (II, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 188.19-21 (106\/7, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu., ekch., mesiteu., parachor., dioik.]; 189.17-18 (II, ArsN) [2?: krat., hypoth., prat.<\/em>]; 191.8-9 (after 212, ArsN) [2: kyrieu.]; 192.7-10 (II, ArsN) [NC]; 198.5-6 (138, ArsN) [1: karpeia]; 204.7? (II, ArsN) [NC]; 206a.12-13 (138-161, PtolEu) [3: krat., kyrieu., apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 206b.12-14 [krat., kyrieu: apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 207.21-26 (II, ArsN) [1?] [3?: krat.]; 214.1-3 (II, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu, pol., hypotith., oikonom.]; 216.4-5 (I\/II, SokN) [NC]; 218.14-15 (II, SokN) [NC]; 223.20-23 (117-138, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., chr., apopher., pol., hypotith.<\/em>]; 226.3 (IV\/V, ArsN) [3?: krat., kyrieu.]; VII<\/strong> 14.13-14 (305, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.]; 44.24-26 (V\/VI, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., epipoi., antikal., oikod., epoikod.]; 46.21-23 (VI, Herm) [3?]; 47.8-13 (c. 645, HerakN) [4: krat., kyrieu., despoteu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., pol., parach., apochariz.]; XVIIa<\/strong> 17a.5-6 (321?, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; XVIIb<\/strong> 18 ll. 1-14, ll. 8-9 (217\/8, Panop) [NC];<\/span> M.Chr.<\/span><\/strong> 361.9-14 (355, Eleph) [nemes.]; P.Aberd.<\/span><\/strong> 53.10-11 (10\/1, UP) [NC]; P.Amh.<\/span> II<\/strong> 95.6-8 (109, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: karpiz., diamisth., apopher.]; 96.5-7 (213, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom., georg., diamisth., karpiz., apopher.]; 99a (179, Herm) [3]; P.Bing.<\/span><\/strong> 130.8-10 (526-548, Aphr) [1]; P.Ammon<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 48.a.4-5, b.16-17 (after 9.12.348) [1?: krat., kyrieu, despoteian echein]; P.Bas.<\/span> II<\/strong> 28.1-5 (II, ArsN) [2?: apopher.*, pol., hypotith., oikonom.*<\/em>]; P.Bingen<\/span><\/strong> 75.8-10 (IIIb<\/sup>, Ox?) [2?: apopher., hypotith.<\/em>]; 130.8-11 (526-548, Aphr) [1: ech., despoz., dioik., oikonom., neme., parapemp., chr.]; P.Bastianini<\/span><\/strong> 25.16 (V\/VI, Narmouthis) [2];<\/span><\/strong> P.Bodl.<\/span><\/strong> I 44.5-7 (310, UP) [4: epikr., kyrieu, exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 45.25-31 (c. 610, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik.*, dioik., oikonom., anoikod., ekchor., parachor., ekmisth., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., eip., prat.]; 68.2-4 (II\/IIIe<\/sup>, UP) [2: kyrieu., apopher., mesiteu., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; 169.15 (308?, Oasis Magna) [wet-nurse contract: exous.: dioik.]; P.Brem.<\/span><\/strong> 68.7-9 (99, Herm?) [1: metep., kta., chr., oikonom.]; P.Brook.<\/span><\/strong> 97.13-14 (II, UP) [NC]; P.Cair.Goodsp.<\/span><\/strong> 13.8-10 (341, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Cair.Isid.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0104.21-24 (297, Kar); 105.13-15 (297, Kar) [1: exous.: krat., kyrieu., dioik.]; P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> I<\/strong> 67097r<\/sup>.19-30 (571\/2?, Aphr) [4: krat., kyrieu., despoz., \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: prat., neme., kte., parapemp., metapoi., ekpoi., chr., antikatal., chr.]; 67098.20-27 (490-565, Aphr?) [4?: kyrieu.]; 67120.7-13 (c. 567\/8, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd]; II<\/strong> 67151.149-156 (570, Antin) [4Byz: enkrateis: \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; 67169.20-23 (569, Antin) [1: ed.: \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9]\u03b1\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u0323[\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3]\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9;]; P.Cair.Preis.<\/span><\/strong> 42.7 (III\/IV, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., dioik.]; P.Col.<\/span> VII<\/strong> 181.14-16 (342, Kar) [1: kra., kyrieu., apopher., dioik., oikonom., dieuthyn.]; 188.21-23 (320, Kar) [2: exous.: diair.]; X<\/strong> 254.1-7 (129, Ox ?) [1: kyrieu., oikonom.]; P.Coles<\/span><\/strong> 27.12-13 (IVb<\/sup>, UP) [3\/4: exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Coll.Youtie<\/span> I<\/strong> 19.23-26 (44, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., chr., apopher., dioik., hypotith., parach.<\/em>]; 50.10-12 (IIe<\/sup>, Ox) [KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.]; II<\/strong> 71.27-30 (281, Panop) [1: kyrieu., epikrat., oikonom., telousan<\/em>]; 75.6-8 (III, Herm) [3s: KYR, KRA, chr.<\/em>, anoikon.<\/em>]; 83.13-16 (353, Ox) [4: kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Corn.<\/span><\/strong> 12.26-30 (283, Antin) [3: krat., kyrieu., epitel.<\/em>]; P.Daris<\/span><\/strong> 27.14-15 (363, OxN) [4: oikonom.]; P.Diog.<\/span><\/strong> 32.11-13 (II\/III, Phil) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., parach.]; P.Dryton<\/span><\/strong> 3.19,\u00a031 (126a<\/sup><\/span>, Path) [ed.: \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u1f70 \u03b2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u1f10\u03be \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd;]; 4.20 (126a<\/sup><\/span>, Path) [same as foregoing]; P.Dubl.<\/span><\/strong> 32.9-11 (512, ArsPol) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., belti., philokal, kathel., anoikod., metaschem., parapemp., ekpoi., apochariz.]; 33.10-13 (513, ArsPol) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., belt., philok., kathel., anoik<\/span>od., metaschem., parapemp., ekpoi., apochariz.]; P.Dura<\/span><\/strong> 26.14-18 (227, Sachare) [1: kta., chr., pol., dioik.]; P.Erl.<\/span><\/strong> 63.1 (III, UP) [apopher.]; P.Euphrates<\/span><\/strong> 6.16-19 (249, Markopolis) [1: ech., kta., pol., dioik.]; 8.21-24 (251, Beth Phuraia) [1: ech., kta., pol., dioik.]; 9.18-20 (252, Beth Phuraia) [1]; P.Flor.<\/span><\/strong> 47a.12-13 (217, Herm) [1: antilamb., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 47b.12-13 (217, Herm) [1: antilamb., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; III 324.9-10 (I\/II, HermN) [4: KYR.*, KRAT*., chr.<\/em>]; 380.4-5, 12-16 (203\/4, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom., karpiz., apopher., tel.<\/em>]; P.Fouad<\/span><\/strong> I 39.5-9 (244-249, Ox) [exeinai: chr., oikonom.]; P.Freib.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 8.14-17 (144, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; P.FuadUniv<\/span><\/strong>. 21.16-19 (253-260, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; P.Gen.<\/span> II<\/strong> 116.42-43 (247, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; IV<\/strong> 186.24-27 (473-490, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., parapemp.]; P.Giss.<\/span><\/strong> I 28.6-8 (142\/3, Herm) [3?]; 100.15-19 (272, OxN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Grenf.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 60.43-47 (582?, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., oikod., anoikod., ekchor.,* parach.*, charis<\/span>., metadid.*, katalimp., chr.]; 62.3 (535, Herm?) [1: \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9*, katech., diakatech.]; II<\/strong> 74.11-15 (302, Kysis) [3: KRAT., KYR., DESP., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Hamb.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 15.13-14 (209, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., exall., dioik., oikonom.<\/em>]; 30.20-24 (89, Phil) [1: enoik., enoikiz., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; III<\/strong> 217.10-11 (If<\/sup>, Ox?) [4]; 218.7-10 (29\/30, Oxyrhyncha) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., kathair., anoikod., enoik., enoikiz., apopher., hypotith., exall., dioik.]; P.Herm.<\/span><\/strong> 25.11-15 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [1:<\/span> epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oik., oikonom., oikod., pol., parach., charis.]; 28.12 (503, Ta Memnomeia) [enkrat., kyrieu.]; 32.1-8 (VI, UP); [krat., kyrieu.*, georg., karpou., misth., metamisth., phyt., ktis., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 62.6-8 (V, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., speir., theriz.]; P.Ifao<\/span> I<\/strong> 29.11 (IIf<\/sup>, UP) [1]; P.Kell.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 8.7-9 (362, Kellis) [4]; 30.17-19 (363, Kellis) [1]; 34.10-14 (315, Kellis) [4]; 36.3-6 (308, Kellis) [4]; 38a.11-14 (333, Kellis) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., dioik., oikonom.<\/span>]; 39.11-14 (IV, Kellis) [4]; P.K\u00f6ln<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 141.18-19 (57\/8, OxN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.];<\/span><\/strong> 155.6-8 (VI, UP) [1]; IV<\/strong> 193.1-4 (V\/VI, Antin?) [1 (part.)]; V<\/strong> 232.10-11 (330\/338, Terenythis) [1]; VII<\/strong> 323.20-22 (VII, Papa Megale) [1]; XI<\/strong> 459.11 (436 ?, OxN); XIV<\/strong> 574.6-8 (II, ArsN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6*, KRAT., KYR.*] ; P.Laur.<\/strong><\/span> III<\/strong> 74.14-17 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Leid.Inst.<\/span><\/strong> 50.6-8 (210\/1, OxN) [prosphora]; 54.11-14 (272, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 104.11-12 (IV\/V, Ox?) [4?: exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Lips.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 3.4-5, 11-12 (256, Herm) [4: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom.] [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 4.22-26 (293, Herm) [3]; 6.2.10-11 (306, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 10.1.5-2.11, ll. 1.38 (178, Herm) [1, nomina actionis<\/em>: karpeia, diamisthosis]; 26.4-5, 9-11 (IVb<\/sup>, Herm?) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Lond.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 77.34-40 (c. 610, Herm\u03bfnthis) [1: kta., dioik., oikonom., philokal., oik., oikod., neme., ekmisth., pol., parach., antikatal., dor., charis., apocharis., prat., exodiaz.]; 140.19-21 (69-79, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., anoikod., pol., chr.<\/em>]; 154.15-16 (68, Kar) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., kataspa., anoikod., chr., hypotith., exall., chr.<\/em>]; III<\/strong> 870.14 (IV, Panop) [ed.: \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1[\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2] \u03c0\u03c1[\u03bf]\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9[\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2;]; 932.7 (211, Herm) [exestin: chr., oikonom.]; 951r<\/sup>.2-4, 6-7 (249, UP) [krat., kyrieu., tel.<\/em> (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1)]; 977.30-34 (330, Antin) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., epitel.<\/em>]; 978.14-15 (331, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu*, chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 991.14-15 (481, UP) [4?: kyrieu., anoikod., dounai, chr.]; 1158.3-4 (226, Herm) [2: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 1164c.19-22 (212, Antin) [1]; 1164e.14-15 (212, Antin) [1]; 1164f.18-24 (212, Antin) [1]; 1298.4-5 (231, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; V<\/strong> 1686.32-36 (565, Aphr) [4: exeinai: ech., hex., chr.]; 1722.35-39 (530, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., pol., chariz., diatass., epitel.,]; 1724.51-55 (578, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., pol., metapol., oik., katoik., oikod., epoikod., kta., chra.]; 1727.29-38 (583\/4, Sy) [1: katakyrieu., despoz., dioik., oik., philokal., treph., himatiz. (aor.), kedeu. (aor.), ektel. (aor.)]; 1733.49-55 (594, Sy) [1: kyrieu, despoz., dioik., oikonom., oikod., pol., chariz., diatass.]; 1734.7 (578-582, Sy) [1: kta., chr.]; 1735.8-12 (VIl<\/sup>, Sy?) [exous.: krat., kyrieu., despot., metapol., charis., ekmisth., enoikiaz., katall., katatith.]; P.Lond. inv.<\/span><\/strong> 2917.5-6 (Vend<\/sup>\/VIb<\/sup>, Ta Memnonia) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., oikod., p.prat.]; P.Louvre<\/span><\/strong> I 15.20-22 (139, Psintanou) [4: exous.: metapol., epitel.]; II<\/strong> 109.9-11 (123\/4 or 136\/137, ArsN?) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., speir., apokarpiz., misiteu., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; P.Mert.<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 106.18-22 (285, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.*]; P.Mich.<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 186.22-24 (72, Bac) [4: kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 187.20-24 (75, Bac) [1: kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 262.25-28 (34\/5 or 35\/6, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., katergaz., kataspeir., misth., poi.:<\/em> potismoi, ekchyes, apopher., hypotith., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; 322a.32 (46, Teb) [exous., pol., hypotith., exall., misth.]; 323.17-20 (47, Teb) [1: krat., despoz.]; 326.55-56 (48, ArsN) [1: krat., despoz.]; VI<\/strong> 428.9-10 (154, Kar) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., enoik., enoikiz., apopher., pol., hypotith., oikonom.]; IX<\/strong> 554.31-33 (before 93, PtolEu) [1?: exous.: enoik.]; X<\/strong> 583.17-20 (78, Bac) [2: kyrieu., despoz., eisod., exod., kataspa., anoikod., pol., hypotith., metadioik., chr.<\/span><\/em>]; 584.24-28 (84, Bac) [3: krat., kyrieu., kathair., anoikod., episkeuaz., syntel., hypotith., oikonom.]; 585.16-20 (87, Bac) [2: enoik., enoikiz., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; XII<\/strong> 635.17-19 (71, Bac) [2: enoik., apopher., chr.]; 636.13-15 (302, PtolEu) [4: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exsou.: dioik., oikonom.]; XIII<\/strong> 662.39-47 (615, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., epoikod., misth., metamisth., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 663.10-15 (VI, Aphr) [1: oik., dioik., oikonom., misth.*, metamisth.*, parapemp., chr., neme.]; 664.20-24, 24-27 (584\/5 or 600\/1, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz.: dioik., oikonom., parapemp., chr., neme.]; XIII<\/span><\/strong> 671.17-18 (VIm<\/sup>, Aphr) [ed.: [\u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57] \u03b1\u0323\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9; exous., krat., exous., despoteian echein] ; XV<\/strong> 707.17-19 (185, Ox?) [2: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 719.15-17 (III, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; P.Michael.<\/span><\/strong> 40.29-37 (544\/559, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., georg., karpou., phorolog., ekpoi., metapoi., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 41.19-27 (539\/554, Aphr) [1: krat., despoz., kta., \u1f04\u03c1\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd]; 45.41-47 (540, Aphr) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoteu., dioik., oik., diabosk., diapol., parapemp., chr.]; 52.g.1-18 (VI\/VII, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., oikonom., oikod. exous.: chr., oikonom.*, ekmisth., metamisth., georg. parapemp., chr., neme., syntel. (aor.)]; P.Mil.Vogl.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 23.17-19 (108, Teb) [3: apopher., pol., hypotith., oikonom.<\/em>]; 26.10-13 (128, Teb) [4: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exous.: parach., epitel.]; P.Monts.Roca<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 80.15-17 (161-168, UP); P.M\u00fcnch.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 4.2.24-31 (581, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., chrematiz., metaschem.*, pol.*, metapol., allag., ekmisth., philokal., \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, chariz., diatass., chr., poi., prat.]; 8.20-26 (c. 540, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., exousiaz., epitel.; ed.: \u1f10<\/span>\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9;]; 9.72-76 (585, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., anoikod., pol., metapol., chariz., diatass., kta., chr.]; 10.14-15 (586, Sy) [ed.: \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac[\u03c1]\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af[\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1]\u03bf\u03c2 | 15<\/sup> \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03b4\u03bf[\u1fe6\u03bd]\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f51[\u03c0\u1f72]\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6;]; 11.47-51 (586, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., oikod., pol., chariz., metapol., allag,poi., \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c8\u03b1\u03b9, prat.]; 12.37-40 (590\/1, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., oikod., pol., parach., dor., parapemp., chr.]; 13.40-51 (594, Sy) [4: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., anoikod., ekmisth., allag,poi., pol., metapol., metaschem., dor., chor., parachor., chariz., diatass., katalimp., kta., chr., prat.]; 15.4-8 (493, Sy) [1: kyrieu.*, despoz., dioik., oikod., epoikod.*, pol.*, chariz., epitel.]; 16.28-33 (Vl<\/sup>, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikod., epoikod., pol., chariz., epitel., \u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c2; kamar.(aor.), epitel.]; 84.18-21 (211, ArsN) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Neph.<\/span><\/strong> 29.16? (III\/IV, HerakN) [NC]; 33.14-15 (c. 330-340, HerakN) [1: dioik., oikonom., despoz.<\/em>]; P.NYU<\/span> II<\/strong> 16.13-15 (Ia<\/span>s<\/sup>\/If<\/sup>) [\u1f35\u03bd\u02bc \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9]; P.Oslo<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 31.19-21, 23 (138-161, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu.];<\/u> P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 272.13-19 (66, OxN) [ed.: \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3[\u03bf]\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af[\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5]\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0[\u03b1\u03af]|\u03c4\u03b7[\u03c3]\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9;]; 273.24-26 (95, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; 372.19-24 (74\/5, Ox) [3: kyrieu., hyparch., exous.: oikonom.]; III<\/span><\/strong> 503.18-20 (118, Kerkethyris, OxN) [1: exesti: \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, dioik., krat., kyrieu.]; 505.11-13 (179, Ox) [1?: chr.]; IV<\/strong> 719.25-26 (193, Ox) [1: exous.: parach., dioik., epitel.]; VIII <\/span><\/strong>1123.8-13 (158\/9, Ox) [4: kyrieu., hyparch., exous: oikon.]; <\/span>IX<\/strong> 1200.24-28 (266, Ox) [4]; 1208.17-19 (291, Ox) [4]; X<\/strong> 1270.45-46 (159, Ox); 1276.12-14 (249, Ox) [1]; 1278.18-22 (214, Ox) [NC]; XII<\/strong> 1475.27-28 (267, Ox) [4]; XIV<\/strong> 1634.14-15 (222, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 1635.8-10 (44-37A<\/sup><\/span>, Ox) [\u1f35\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9]; 1638.22-24 (282, Ox) [1: kyrieu.*, chr., oikonom., \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; 1696.11-14 (197, Ox) [1: krat.*, kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 1697.18-22 (242, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 1698.13-17 (269, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., chr., oikonom.*]; 1699.12-15 (240-280, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 1700.9-13 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., exous.: pol.]; 1702.5-8 (290, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu.*, exous.: chr.*, oikonom.*]; 1704.10-14 (298, Ox) [4: krat., exous.*, chr., oikonom., apopher., tel<\/em>.]; 1705.13-16 (298, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., ekmisth., pol.]; XIX<\/strong> 2236.21-27 (IIIe<\/sup>, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; XX<\/strong> 2270.4-7 (V\/VI?, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.];<\/strong> XXXIV<\/strong> 2723.19-22 (III, Ox) [1: krat.*, kyrieu., chr.*, oikonom.]; XLI<\/strong> 2972.33-36 (72, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 2989.10-13 (III, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu.*, dioik., oikonom.]; XLIV<\/strong> 3197.16-18 (111, Ox) [1: kyrieu., dioik.]; XLIX<\/strong> 3498.22-25 (274, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., exous.*: chr.*, oikonom.]; LXVII<\/strong> 4586.18-22 (III, Nesmimis) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., epitel.]; LXXIII<\/strong> 4966.15-17 (371, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; LXXV<\/strong> 5058.24-27 (257\/8, Ox) [1: oikonom.]; P.Oxy.Hels.<\/span><\/strong> 44.19-22 (324, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.] ; P.Palau\u00a0Rib.<\/span><\/strong> 27.6 (VI\/VII, UP) [1?: kyrieu.]; P.Par.<\/span><\/strong> 21.29-34 (616, This) [1]\/[4: kyrieu., epikrat., despoteian echein, belt., oikod., pol., metapol., kataleip.(aor.)]; 21 bis.15-18 (592, This) [1]\/[4: kyrieu., epikrat., despoteian echein, belt., oikod., pol., metapol., kataleip.(aor.),<\/strong> charis., chr.]; P.Petaus<\/span><\/strong> 17.24-34, ll. 31-32 (184, PtolEu) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 18.21-33, ll. 29-31 (185, ArsN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRA<\/span>T., KYR.]; 22.26-40 ll. 35-37 (after 9.8.185, Syron Kome) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 23.17-21 (185\/6, Pharbaithos) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; P.Phil.<\/span> I<\/strong> 11.17-21 (141, Berenikis Aigialou) [1: krat., kyrieu., apographesthai, oikonom.]; P.Pintaudi<\/span><\/strong> 35.13-15 (III, Ox) [chras., oikonom.]; P.Prag.<\/strong><\/span> II<\/strong> 156.6-8 (V, HermN?) [1: chariz., diair.]; III<\/strong> 216.23-24 (IIIf<\/sup>, PtolEu) [4: exous., dioik., oikonom.*]; P.Ross.Georg.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 23.5 (156, Memphites) [menein: KRAT., KYR.]; 30.7-19 (130\/1 or 151\/2 or 174\/5, Memphis\/Delta) [menein: KRAT., KYR.]; P.Ryl.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 156.16-17 (I, Ox) [1]; 162.23-30 (159, SokN) [3: kyrieu., pol., hypotith., metadid., apopher.*<\/em>]; 163.8-9 (140, HermN) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 165.21-22 (266, HermN) [3: krat., oikonom.<\/em>]; 312.15 (82-96, SokN) [2: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz<\/em>.]; 313.16-17 (82-96, SokN) [2: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz<\/em>.]; IV<\/strong> 709.9 (294-296, UP) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Sakaon<\/span><\/strong> 59.13-14 (305, PtolEu) [2: apopher., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 60.13-14 (306, PtolEu) [1: kyrieu., apopher., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Sijp.<\/span><\/strong> 46.3-5 (332, Herm) [KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Stras<\/strong>.<\/span> I<\/strong> 14.b18-21 (211, PtolEu) [1]; 79.12? (16\/5A<\/sup><\/span>, Sy) [NC]; III<\/strong> 144.9-12 (245, HermN) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom., karpou., diamisth., apopher.<\/em>]; 151.19-23 (100, SokN) [2: kyrieu., apogr., exall., dioik.<\/em>]; IV<\/strong> 284.17-18 (176-180, PtolEu) [4: exous.]; V<\/strong> 331.16-18 (98-117, UP) [2: parach.*, dioik.]; 370.23 (175-180, ArsN) [men.: KYR., KRAT.]; VI<\/strong> 543.11 (IIf<\/sup>, SokN) [NC]; 555.14-16 (289, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 556.12-13 (289, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.*, dioik.]; 583.15-17 (115\/6, ArsN) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., eisod<\/em>., exod<\/em>., chr<\/em>.]; 585.8-9 (153, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr<\/em>., oikonom.<\/em>]; VII<\/strong> 670.1-2 (III, Alex) [2?: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.]; 672.21-22 (289, Herm) [1: chres., oikonom., dioik., ekmisth.]; IX<\/strong> 831.18-19 (162\/3, Teb) [2: kyrieu., apopher., mesiteu., parach., dioik.<\/em>]; 861.7-9 (I, UP) [2: parach.<\/em>, dioik.<\/em>]; P.Tebt.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 319.18-27 (248, Teb) [1: krat., kyrieu., dioik., epitel., exous.]; 381.18 (123, Teb) [will]; 383.35-37 (46, Teb) [1: krat., despoz.]; 407.23 (199, Teb) [NC]; P.Tebt.Wall<\/span><\/strong>. 12.23 (101, Teb) [NC]; P.Thomas<\/span><\/strong> 28.11-15 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [1: ech., despoteu., neme., parapemp., chres.]; P.Turner<\/span><\/strong> 40.14-17 (215, UP) [1: krat., dioik., epitel.]; P.Ups.Frid<\/span><\/strong> 1.19-20 (48, Dionysias) [1?: pol., hypotith., metadiatith., oikonom.]; P.Vat.Aphrod.<\/span><\/strong> 4.1-6 (VIs<\/sup>, Aphr) [1: oik., dioik., oikonom., epoikod.*, ekmisth.*, metamisth.*, parapemp.*]; 5.b.5-6 (VI, Aphr) [1\/4: krat., kyrieu.*, dioik., oikonom., oikod.]; 7.14-20 (546\/7, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; P.Vind.Bosw.<\/span><\/strong> 6.5-6 (250, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Vind.Tand.<\/span><\/strong> 26.13-15 (143, SokN) [3: kyrieu., eisod., exod.]; P.Vindob. G<\/span><\/strong> 15300.3-10 (575-599, Herm) [kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Wash.Univ.<\/span><\/strong> I 9.1-2 (IV, OxN) [3\/4: dioik., oikonom.]; 12.1-2 (IV, UP) [4: exous., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Wisc.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 58.14-16 (298, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., apopher., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 59.14-16 (298, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., apopher.*, exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; P.Yadin.<\/span><\/strong> 19.20-25 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza) [1]; PSI<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 66.13-19 (V?, HermN) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; IV<\/strong> 300.19-20 (324, Ox) [kyrieu.]; VI<\/strong> 704.24-27 (II, ArsN ?) [3: \u03bc\u1f73\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd: KRAT., KYR., dioik.<\/em>]; 705.12 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1?, krat., kyrieu.] ; VII<\/strong> 771.18? (321, Ox) [NC]; VIII<\/strong> 909.10-11 (44, Teb) [unique]; 946.28-32 (III, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; X<\/strong> 1117.31-32 (138, Teb) [4: KRAT., KYR., exous., apograph.]; 1119.34-37 (156, Ox) [1: exeinai: chr., dioik.]; XII<\/strong> 1228.15-18 (188, OxN?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 1239.13-16 (430, Antin) [3: krat., kyrieu., despoteu.: despoz., chr., dioik., oikonom., epitel.<\/em>]; XIII<\/strong> 1320.13 (82-88, SokN) [3: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz., within bebaiosis]; 1341.12-14 (Vb<\/sup>, Antin) [krat., kyrieu., despoteu., despoz., chr., dioik., oikonom., epitel., anepod.<\/em>]; XIV<\/strong> 1438.32-36 (II\/III, UP) [NC]; XV<\/strong> 1533.29 (IIIe<\/sup>?, OxN) [apopher.]; PSI Congr.<\/span><\/strong> XX<\/strong> 16.16-18 (330-340?, Ox?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; SB<\/span> I<\/strong> 4661.8-11 (VI\/VII, ArsN) [4: krat.*, kyrieu.*, exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., prat., karpou.]; 4682.1-5 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; 4698.1-3 passim<\/em> (IV-VII, ArsN) [1] [4: kyrieu., krat.]; 4751.2-3 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; 4777.1-3 (IV-VII, ArsN) [NC]; 5112.44-51 (618, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikod., anoikod., ekxor., parachor., metaschem., ekmisth., enallat., neme., pol., charis., metadid., chr.]; 5113.25-31 (VI, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., metachremat., oikod., anoikod., ekchor., parach., ekmisth., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., p.eip., prat.]; 5114.24-34 (630-640, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., metachremat., oikod., anoikod., ekchor., parach., ekmisth*., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., p.eip.] ; 5267.1-6 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4]; 5268.1-7 passim<\/em> (IV-VII, UP) [4: exous.: oikonom., epitel., belt., prosod., apochariz., p.prat.]; 5320.16-21 (VI\/VII, ArsN) [1: oikod., metaschem., chariz., p.prat. (aor.)]; 5673.16-18 (147, HermN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 5679.15-17 (307, Oasis Magna) [1?: exeinai: apopher., despoz.]; III<\/strong> 6612.16-17 (365, OxN) [2: krat., kyrieu.]; V<\/strong> 7573.19-22 (116, Upper Egypt) [of mandatary: oikonom.]; 8007.7-8 (IVf<\/sup>, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.]; 8946.8-11 (50\/1 ?, UP) [NC]; VI<\/strong> 8971.11 (284\/5, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; 8987.18-21 (644\/5, Ox) [1: ech., krat., kyrieu., despoz.]; 9145.17-19 (184-192, ArsN) [\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd* \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd]; 9219.16-17 (319, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr.*, oikonom.]; 9402.11-15 (VI\/VII, Kerkesis) [1: exous.: krat., kyrieu.]; 9569.8-11 (91, UP) [unique]; 9590.10-11 (VI\/VII, Herak) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz.*]; 9618.18-19 (192, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., parach., oikonom.<\/em>]; VIII<\/strong> 9642.1.14-16 (c. 112, Teb) [1: exous.: oikonom.]; 9831.9 (Il<\/sup>, ArsN) [NC]; 9906.21-23 (193\/4, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.]; X<\/strong> 10571.17-19 (194, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., hypotith., exall., oikonom.]; 10728.15-16 (318, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr.*, oikonom.]; XII<\/strong> 10784.11-14 (330-340, Oasis Magna?) [4: epikrat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 11225.4-7 (425-450) [exous.: chr.]; 11229.8 (161-168 or 177-179, Ox) [NC]; XIV<\/strong> 11277.19-20 (225, Nilopolis) [1: kyrieu., enkrat., dioik.*, epitel.]; 11410.20- (106A<\/sup><\/span>, Haueris); 11578.6-12 (V?, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., epitel., belt., philokal., kathel., anoikod., metaschemat., ekpoi.]; 11877.19-21 (348, Phil) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoteu.]; 12021.14-15 (377, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; XVI<\/strong> 12263.10-11 (41-54 or 54-68, Teb) [3, in bebaiosis: chr., enoik., enoikiz., apopher.]; 12333.14-15 (189-193, Ox?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 12758.15-16 (88, PtolEu) [2: exall., oikonom.]; 12946r<\/sup>.11-13 (474, Antin) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., kta., dioik., oikonom.]; 12957.13-16 (103-114, SokN) [3: kyrieu., eisodeu., exodeu., apograph., kathair., anoikodom., episkeuaz., pol., hypotith., metadid., chr.<\/em>]; XVIII<\/strong> 13173.47-67 (629\/644, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., kta., neme., chr., oikonom., dioik., pol., hypoth., charis., antikatall., dor.did.(aor.), kataleip.(aor.), parapemp., poi., prat.]; 13320.67-78 (613-641, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., oikodom., epoikod., ekmisth., metamisth., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 13764.21-23 (148-161, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; XX<\/strong> 14199.13 (179, Ox) [NC]; 14285.27-31 (59, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik.]; 14379.25 (320, Kar) [4: exous.: diair.(aor.)]; 14448.7-13 (VI\/VII, UP) [1: DESP.: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 14681.15-18 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., epitel.]; 14974.19-25 (190, OxN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KYR., KRAT.]; XXII<\/strong> 15326.13-14 (222-235, Kar) [2?: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>*]; 15472.16-18 (134, PtolEu) [2: apopher.*, exall., oikonom.<\/em>]; 15096.15-16 (363, OxN) [oikonom.]; 15472.16-18 (134, PtolEu) [2: apopher., exall., oikonom.]; 15618.9-13 (427\/8?, Alabastrine) [krat., kyrieu., teloun., exous.: chr., georg., dioik.,<\/em> parachor.]; 15965.18-19 (III\/IV, Kar) [kyrieu., oikonom.]; 15969.22-26 (491-518, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., parapemp.]; XXIV<\/strong> 16001.15-16 (168, Kar) [exous.]; 16002.15-18 (186-190, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>, dioik., oikonom.]; XXVIII<\/strong> 16895.15-18 (IVf<\/sup>, HermN) [oikonom.<\/em>]; 16986.5-7 (V, UP) [4: , kyrieu., exous.: chr., kta., dioik., oikonom.]; XXVIII<\/strong> 17049.8 (II, Teb) [4: chr., oikonom., dioik.]; XXX<\/strong>\u00a017623.13-15 (293, Herm);\u00a0SPP<\/span> I<\/strong> pp. 7-8.15-21 (454, Antin) [1: \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1: chr., despoz., kyrieu., dioik., oikonom., belt., parapemp., diapol.];<\/strong> XX<\/strong> 1.17-20 (83\/4, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., eisod., exod., potiz., ekcheon., mesiteu., parachor., dioik<\/em>.]; 10.5-11 (168, ArsN) [4: , kyrieu., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 29.30-35 (227, HerakN) [4: , kyrieu., despoz., exous.: epitel.]; 50.19-20 (168\/9, Aphrodite Berenike) [2: kyrieu.*, apopher., dioik., oikonom.]; 71.12-14 (269\/70, Herm) [3: oikonom<\/em>.]; 72.11-13 (271\/2, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.]; 74.5-6 (after 23\/6\/276?, Herm) [3\/4 : KYR, KRAT]; 110.15-19 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [3: DESP., KYR. KRAT., chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; 117.8-11 (411, Koba) [4: kyrieu., exous.: oikonom., epitel., parach.]; 121.20-25 (439, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; 145.2-5 (VIs<\/sup>, ArsPol) [4: , kyrieu., exous.: belti., philok., paralimp., pol., prat.(aor.)]; 269.10-14 (VI\/VII, Ars?) [1: exous.: karpou., pol.]; 290r<\/sup> passim<\/em> (IV-VIII, UP) [4: exous.: epitel., belt., prosodeu., chariz., prat.] ; T.Varie<\/span><\/strong> 2.6-7 (VII, UP) [1: , kyrieu., chr., oikonom., chariz., pol., metapol., neme., chr.(aor).].<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

2. Capacities of Pledgee<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity, Security, Remuneration<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

In 11 Byzantine loan documents that record a security by hypotheke<\/em>, the creditor is allowed to acquire some right\u2014legal, actual, or both\u2014in the mortgaged item. Three documents stem from Middle Egypt, and four from Upper Egypt. In Middle Egypt [Type1]<\/strong>, the verb \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, with the pledgee as its subject, introduces an enumeration of the rights. In SB I 5285.33-36 (607 CE, Panopolites): \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd |34<\/sup><\/span> \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 35<\/sup> \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 | 36<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u2018So that you have the right to use and inhabit them, in return for the interest on said debt\u2019). In P.K\u00f6ln VIII 322.11-13, the same clause is developed further: \u2020 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9 (l<\/em>. \u03c4\u1f78) \u2039\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u203a \u03c3\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u0323\u1f70\u0323 \u03c4\u0323[\u03bf]\u03b9\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u1fe6\u0323\u03c4\u03b1 | 12<\/sup> \u1f00\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u2039\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70\u203a \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0]\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4(\u1ff6\u03bd) \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1[\u03bf]\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f10\u0323\u03be\u0323\u03bf[\u03c5]\u03c3\u0323\u03af\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03bd | 13<\/sup> \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u1fc3\u03b4(\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u0323\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7\u0323\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 (\u2018So that you, said Gerontios and your heirs and all types of successors, will possess the immovables of this type with all their accruing rights in accordance with the aforementioned account and will have authority over the land to annually sow, extract the fruits, and receive the revenues, should you wish\u2019). In Upper Egyptian documentation, the term despoteia<\/em> is fundamental to the wording [Type2]<\/strong>. This is the case in P.Lond.<\/span> V 1737.16-18 (613 CE, Syene): \u1f10[\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7] \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd | 17<\/sup> \u03c3\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af[\u03b1]\u03bd \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u0323[\u03c0]\u03bf\u0323\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03b5\u03c9\u0323[\u03c2] | 18<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u0323\u03ad\u0323\u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03c5\u0323 \u03c7\u03c1[\u03c5]\u03c3\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 \u1f10\u0323\u03bd\u03b5\u0323\u03c7\u0323\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff3\u0323 (l<\/em>. \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03cd\u03c1\u1ff3) \u03b5\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c1\u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 (\u2018So that these assets become subject to your capacity as a pledge until the settlement and complete payment of the recorded gold\u2019). Cf. also P.Lond. V 1719.15-17 (556 CE, Thebes). The clause does not record the nature of the despoteia<\/em>. In both of the last-mentioned cases, however, the object is chattel: articles of bronze in P.Lond. 1737 and an armlet in P.Lond. V 1719; thus, a pledge seems very likely. The term despoteia<\/em> is also used in Upper Egypt in the case of land. Here the scribe details the nature of the mastership. In P.Lond. V 1723.15-18 (577 CE, Syene) he does so rather succinctly: [\u1f65]\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc[\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1] | 16<\/sup> [\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51]\u03c0\u0323\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u0323[\u03bd \u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf[\u03c4\u03b5\u03af]\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd) | 17<\/sup> [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b1\u0323\u1f50\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fd6\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03c7]\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03c7[\u03c1]\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u0323[\u03c3\u03b5]\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6[\u03bd \u03c0]\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd | 18<\/sup> [\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af]\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 (l<\/em>. \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (l<\/em>. \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd) \u1f30\u03b4[\u03af]\u1ff3 \u03bc\u03bf(\u03c5) \u03ba[\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd]\u03bd\u1ff3 (\u2018So that all the aforementioned assets shall be under your authority, dominion, and absolute sway and that you will use them until full payment of the aforesaid four gold solidi<\/em> is made at my own risk\u2019.) In P.Michael. 42a.21-26 (566 CE, Aphrodite) the account is much more extensive and bases itself on the terminology of the capacity clause: \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd | 22<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u0323\u03c4\u0323[\u03c9]\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 23<\/sup> \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323[\u03bc]\u03ae\u0323\u03bd\u0323, | 24<\/sup> \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf |25<\/sup>\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd | 26<\/sup> \u03b5\u1f50\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (\u2018So that you already and from now on hold all dominion, authority, and complete sway to inhabit, manage, and administer them, and that their possession will be subject to you as a pledge until the settlement and complete payment of all the aforementioned gold of the same accurately measured thirty solidi<\/em> is made\u2019). An equally detailed account, embedded in the Middle Egyptian formulation, is used in P.K\u00f6ln VII 322 (see above). As shown by the list of verbs attested in the context of this clause\u2014\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u1f77\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u1f7b\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c7\u03c1\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u2014the pledgee is awarded utilization and cultivation, but never the power to dispose of the object. Effectively, this is a case of antichresis<\/em>.<\/p>\r\nBibl.: Wolff (1974): 90.<\/span>\r\n

P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> III<\/strong> 67309.30-33, 48-51 (569, Antin) [2: oikesis, chresis], [1]; P.Edfou<\/span><\/strong>I<\/strong> 2.9-10 (619, Apol) [1]; P.K\u00f6ln<\/span><\/strong>VII<\/strong> 322.11-14 (VII, Herak) [1: \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; exous.: speir., karpou., prosodeu.]; P.Lond.<\/span><\/strong>V<\/strong> 1719.15-17 (556, Thebes) [2]; 1723.15-18 (577, Sy) [2: exous., despot., authent.: chras.]; 1737.16-18 (613, Sy) [2]; P.Michael.<\/span><\/strong> 42a.21-26 (566, Aphr) [1: exous.: oik., dioik., oikonom.] [2: \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae]; P.Monts.Roca<\/span><\/strong>IV<\/strong> 78.11-14 (49-54, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, objects, in dative, \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; SB<\/span> I<\/strong> 5285.33-36 (607, PanopN) [2: oikesis, chresis]; XVIII<\/strong> 13167.4-15 (IIm<\/sup>, UP) [2]; XXX<\/strong> 17667.14-17 (603, HerakN).<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n

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3. Capacities of Lessee<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

This clause gives the lessee the capacity to dispose of the object, within the limits of the rental contract. The clause is best attested in the context of house leases, with two key components, both attested in P.Mert. II 76.18-23 (181 CE, Oxyrhynchos): (1) \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u0323\u02bc [\u03b1\u1f50]\u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6 [\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 19<\/sup> \u03c4\u0323\u03cc\u0323\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2\u0323 \u03b5\u0323\u1f30\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03c4\u0323\u1f78\u0323\u03bd [\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, (2) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f14\u0323\u03c7[\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd] | 20<\/sup> [\u03b5]\u1f30\u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bf\u0323\u1f53\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u0323[\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9] (\u2018having, together with his household, the use of [said] site for the period without hindrance [and the right] to bring in to live with him whomsoever he chooses\u2019). The clause is derived from its counterpart in the sale contract, but here the lessee\u2019s freedom of disposal is curtailed.<\/p>\r\nBibl.: Taubenschlag (1955): 366; M\u00fcller (1985): 241-242; Hengstl (1992): 121-139.<\/span>\r\n

BGU<\/span> IV<\/strong> 1116.15-20 (13A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, apopher., exous.: enoikiz., exoikiz., metamisth.]; 1117.20-21 (3A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [<\/span>\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, apopher.]; P.Bingen <\/strong>1<\/span>32.18-19 (541, Aphr) [\u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u1f01\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f40\u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u1fb6]; P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> III<\/strong> 67299.12-15 (527-565, Antin) [echein: diekdik.]; 67303.15-17 (553, Aphr) [\u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u0323\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd]; P.Daris<\/span><\/strong> 25.3-4 (after 161, UP) [apopher.]; P.Genov.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 22.20-21 (345, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Giss.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 49.26-28 (IIIm<\/sup>, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Hamb.<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 265.6-7 (VIl<\/sup>, Aphr) [\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd] ; P.Laur. IV<\/strong> 163.5-6 (279, UP)<\/span> [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Lond.<\/strong><\/span> II<\/strong> 483.38-47, 71-83 (615\/6, ApolHept) [oik., dioik., ekpoi.(v), metapoi.(v), philok.(v) (aor.), \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03be\u03b1\u03b9, p.pratt., parapemp., \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; P.Mert.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 76.18-20 (181, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Mich.<\/span><\/strong> XIV<\/strong> 678.9-11 (98, UP) [exous.: epitel.]; XVIII<\/strong> 788.13-16 (173, Ox) [exous.: synchr.]; P.Mil.<\/span> I<\/strong> 55.16-17 (307, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Oslo<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 138.13-15 (323, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> VI<\/strong> 912.16-19 (235, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; VII<\/strong> 1036.25-28 (272, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; VIII<\/strong> 1127.14-17 (183, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; XIV<\/strong> 1695.27-28 (360, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; XVII<\/strong> 2109.38-41 (261, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; 2136.10-12 (291, PtolEu) [capacity4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; P.Ross.Georg.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 19.21-25 (141, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c2]; P.Tebt.<\/span><\/strong> III.1<\/strong> 815.cv<\/sup>.1.25-32, ll. 29-30 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.er<\/sup>.10-27, ll. 24-25 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.fr<\/sup>.2.13-30, ll. 21-23 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb); 815.gr<\/sup>.1-7, ll. 4-7 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.gr<\/sup>.41-45, l. 44 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd]; P.Val.Sal.<\/span><\/strong> 8.13-15 (323, HermN) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2]; SB<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 7444.10-11 (327, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2].<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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4. Capacities of Lessor<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

In the sharecropping contract P.Harr. I 137.13-17 (II CE, Oxyrhynchos), the lessor is given an opportunity to purchase wine as well as other yields of the estate: \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03af\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 14<\/sup> \u1f60\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f60\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (l<\/em>. \u03bf\u1f34\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd[ -ca.?- ] \u03c4o\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 | 15<\/sup> \u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 | 16 <\/sup>\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba|17<\/sup>\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (\u2018The lessor is entitled to purchase the wine harvest as well as the yields of the orchard, the palm groves, and all other things belonging to them, both the supplementary payments and those fixed by an agreement\u2019). In P.Michael. 19.21 (III CE, Oxyrhynchites), he is allowed to produce bricks (\u03c0\u03bb\u0323\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u0323\u03cd\u0323\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3).<\/p>\r\nBibl.: Herrmann (1957); Kloppenborg (2006): 500.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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5. Rights of Widow<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

Widows are mentioned in wills in different formulaic contexts: the widow is in charge of settling the testator\u2019s debts<\/a>, arranging his burial rites<\/a>, and settling guardianship<\/a> of underage children. (See the respective entries). But widows are also accorded rights to dispose of some of the testator\u2019s estate: the wife may be accorded the right of residence (\u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2) and disposal of house implements (\u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b1, \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae); the right to claim the yields (\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1) of agricultural land; and to employ the services (\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 and \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u1f77) of slaves. Alternatively, the wife is accorded a maintenance quota in cash or in kind. Some documents protect her from a challenge by others: so, possibly, in SB VIII 9642.4.12-13 (117-137, Tebtynis): [ - -] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u00a0\u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323 [ - - ] | 13<\/sup>\u00a0[ - - ] \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (\u2018The said children shall not have power on the strength of this document to manage anything . . . of their mother\u2019). The text of P.Mich. XVIII 785a and b ll. 11-17 (47\/61 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis), cited paradigmatically here, records, besides the enoikesis,<\/em> the right of the widow to dispose of the land, the duty to pay the debts, and the right to assign the product to the children: \u00a0(\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9) \u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 \u1f41\u0323\u03bc\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03bb\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u0323\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f76 | 12<\/sup>\u00a0[\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc(\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f03] \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u1fc3 \u03c3\u0323\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd[\u03b1] \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u02bc \u1f43 \u03b4\u03ae |13<\/sup>[\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc]\u03b5\u0323\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f67\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u0323\u03b3\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u1fd6 \u1f41 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u0323\u03ba\u0323 [\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6] \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 | 14<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03b7 (\u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2)\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5]\u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03bc\u0323\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u1f21\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u0323\u03bd\u03b7{\u03b9} \u03a4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd [\u1f67\u03bd] \u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f41 \u1f41\u03bc\u0323\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd | 15<\/sup> [\u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd -ca.?- ]\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd\u0323 \u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u03c4\u0323\u03c9\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u2039\u03b5\u203a\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03bc\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 16<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 -ca.?- ]\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u2039\u03b5\u203a\u03b9 \u1f21 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4{\u03b1}\u03af\u03b1\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1]\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd | 17<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 -ca.?- ]\u03bc\u0323\u03c5\u03b8\u0323\u03c9\u0323\u03c2\u00b7 (\u2018And to the aforementioned wife of the acknowledging party he assigns the right to occupy the aforementioned house and whatever he may leave in the way of utensils and furniture and sums owed to him in any way whatsoever and the revenues of the parcels of catoecic land that the acknowledging party shall have cultivated from the present 8th year on. In exchange for the resulting revenues, his wife Tapetsiris will settle all kinds of debts that the acknowledging party has in whatever way, having(?) the usufruct of them. The products and the revenues of the goods divided among the children will go to Tapetsiris after having been collected by(?) Petaus, which goods Tapetsiris will hand over after a period of five years, free of all public charges and every expense - - -\u2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nBibl.: Kreller (1919): 354-357; Montevecchi (1935): 100-101,105; (1936): 69-75; (1939): 20; Hengstl (1992): 121-139; Rupprecht (1985): 292-295, (1998) 233-234; Yiftach (2006b): 153-166.\r\n

BGU I<\/strong> 86.14-17 (155, SokN) [maintenance quota]; CPR VI<\/strong> 1.8-10 (125, PtolEu) [right to furniture, clothing and residence]; P.Bas. II<\/strong> 28.7-10 (II, ArsN); P.Cfcair.Masp. II<\/strong> 67151.168-182 (570, Antin); P.Diog.<\/strong> 9.11-18 (186-210?, Phil?) [disposal of furniture; support of underage children; right to the dowry]; 10.11-12 (211, PtolEu) [disposal of furniture]; P.Lond.<\/strong> II<\/strong> 294.33-60.51-57 (109, PtolEu) [disposal of slaves]; P.Mich.<\/strong> V<\/strong> 325.14-17 (47, Tebt) [disposal of a slave]; XVIII<\/strong> 785a and b, ll. 11-14 (47\/61, PtolEu) [disposal of a house + furniture; land; settlement of debts; child support]; P.M\u00fcnch.<\/strong> III<\/strong> 80.20-23 (103-114, SokN) [management of the estate]; P.Oxy.<\/strong> I<\/strong> 104.14-17 (96, Ox) [right of residence, maintenance quota]; III<\/strong> 489.5-9 (117, Ox) [disposal of a house, slaves]; 494.13-16 (156, Ox) [disposal of slaves]; P.Ryl.<\/strong> II<\/strong> 153.27-33 (169, Herm) [right of residence without rent]; P.Sijp.<\/strong> 43.8-11 (119\/20, OxN) [disposal of a female slave]; P.Vat.Aphrod.<\/strong> 7.b (546\/7, Aphr) [residence]; PSI Congr.<\/strong> XI<\/strong> 5.7-10 (II, Teb) [denial of the right to the yields; right to implements]; SB VIII<\/strong> 9642.4.8-13 (117-137, Teb) [right of residence, disposal of slaves, maintenance of children]; XVIII<\/strong> 13308.41-44 (81-96, PtolEu?) [maintenance quota].<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n

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6. Usufruct in Marriage<\/h2>\r\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\r\nLink to Synallagma<\/a>\r\n

Documents recording the conveyance of prosphora<\/em> specify the husband\u2019s rights of cultivation. The clause follows the symbiosis<\/em> and the \u2018maintenance in marriage\u2019 clauses and is introduced by \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 + the present infinitive. The verb that denotes the act is \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, with the object in the accusative. CPR<\/span> I 27.11-16 (189, PtolEu): \u03c3]\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd [\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae]\u03bb\u0323\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f38\u03c3\u03af|12<\/sup>[\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21] \u0398\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03ad\u0323\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f38\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 [\u1f10]\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6[\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2] \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f31\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f04\u03bb|13<\/sup>[\u03bb\u03b1 \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba]\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 [\u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50[\u03c4]\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0398\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f04[\u03bc\u03b5]\u03bc\u0323\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7|14<\/sup>[\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1]\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd (l<\/em>. [\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1]\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af]\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3[\u03b8\u03b1]\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f38\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1f43\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 15<\/sup> [\u1f21 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae]\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u0398\u03b1[\u03ca\u03c3\u03b1]\u03c1\u0323\u03af\u0323\u1ff3\u0323 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 [\u03ba\u03ce]\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 16<\/sup> [\u1f00\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd] \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f40\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce (\u2018Let the couple Isidoros and Thaisarion live together irreproachably, Isidorus providing her with all necessities, clothing, and everything else befitting a wedded wife in accordance with the ability of his means, and Thaisarion herself conducting herself without reproach and blame in the course of the marriage, on the condition that Isidoros enjoy the fruits, for as long as their joint cohabitation persists, of the fourth share belonging to her of a palm grove of ten arouras<\/em>\u2019). The clause is developed further in P.Ryl. II 154.20-24 (66, Bacchias), where it gives a detailed account of the husband's duties\/rights. The terms are those used in leases to denote the duties of a lessee (see: \u2018duties in lease<\/a>\u2019). Different from the lessee\u2019s position, however, is the husband\u2019s duty to pay taxes (compare: \u2018taxes in lease<\/a>\u2019) and consign yields to the joint household \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7[\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1]\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f04\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14[\u03c4\u03bf]\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae[\u03c1]\u03bf\u03c5 | 21<\/sup> [\u1f00\u03c1\u03bf]\u03c5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f21\u03bc\u03af\u03c3[\u03bf]\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd[\u03b1] \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4[\u03bf\u03cd]|22<\/sup>[\u03c4\u03c9]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0[\u1f78] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6[\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2] \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5[\u1f30]\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1[\u03bf\u03bd]\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 | 23<\/sup> [\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2] \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 [\u03c3]\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f36\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1[\u1f76 \u03c4]\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. [\u03c4]\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4[\u03bf]\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 [\u03c0\u03ac]\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 | 24<\/sup> [\u03c3\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9[\u03ba]\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (...\u2018Chairemon carrying out all yearly work of cultivation connected with the holding of ten and three quarters arouras<\/em> delivered under the title of prosphora<\/em>, sowing them, gathering the future annual produce and surplus resulting from them from said present year onward, and carrying it to the home of their common wedded life, paying thereon all yearly public charges both of corn and money from said present year\u2019) (transl.: with slight modifications, editio princeps<\/em>, pp. 159-160).<\/p>\r\nBibl.: H\u00e4ge (1968): 267-268; Yiftach (2003): 168.<\/span>\r\n\r\nCPR<\/span> I<\/strong> 27.14-16 (189, PtolEu); P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 265.5-9 (81-96, Ox); P.Ryl.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 154.20-24 (66, Bac); SB<\/span> VI<\/strong> 8974.25-28 (IbA<\/span><\/sup>, Bousiris).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n

Unlike the duty clauses, which record what a contracting party ought to perform, the capacity clauses report what the act recorded in the document allows the party to do. As discussed in the Introduction, the text of the homologia<\/em> naturally incorporates clauses that report past activity of the declaring party as well as the party\u2019s future obligations and prohibitions. However, it does not as naturally introduce accounts of rights of the silent party that derive from the legal act. Since the rights of the silent party, mostly the purchaser, are most commonly addressed in the capacity clause, scribes commonly employ the impersonal \u2018authorization formula\u2019 (\u1f14\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9, \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9), or result clauses (e.g., \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f79 + inf.). The capacity clause is most common in documents that record the conveyance of title in perpetuity, mostly in acts of sale, diairesis<\/em>, and antikatallage<\/em>. The array of relevant terms\u2014vast to begin with and ever larger as we approach the Byzantine period\u2014is best documented in the \u2018capacity clause\u2019 that occurs in deeds of sale. In this document, following confirmation of receipt of the consideration, the purchaser becomes the owner of the object. But the scribe, instead of merely reporting the new title, give a detailed account of its consequences: the rights of employment, modification, and alienation that it provides. The core is already well established in the early Roman period: \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1f77\u03b1, \u03ba\u03c1\u1f71\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, and \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u1f77\u03b1, followed by an account of the derivative actions. The list of verbs and of the persons who are entitled to benefit from these rights grows exponentially and, presumably in response to case-specific needs as Roman concepts and terms begin to infiltrate the language of the Greek contract. The same vocabulary is then used in other contexts to denote the same capacity. This is the case in wills, in the clause that grants the testator full authority over his assets before his death. It is also used to denote the acts that a debtor may not undertake, in the restraint clause. Scribes may also select some of the aforementioned verbs to record rights that fall short of ownership, such as the right of residence (cf. lessee\u2019s capacities<\/a>, the enoikesis<\/em> clause<\/a>) and the right of usufruct (antichresis<\/em>: land<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\n

1. Capacity Clause<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

The capacity clause is meant to define and cement a proprietary title. As such, it is at home in hereditary dispositions, diaireseis<\/em>, mortgage loans, and sales. Within the last-mentioned category, the clause is never used in the case of genus chattel; it is limited to documents recording the sale of animals, slaves, and real property. No Ptolemaic document records the sale of a slave or animal. Land is abundantly recorded, yet solely within the framework of the katagraphe<\/em>, in which the capacity clause is never used. With Ptolemaic antecedents very few for this reason (6), our study focuses on Roman and Byzantine evidence. The capacity clause becomes common in the first century CE (38), whence most of our evidence derives from Alexandria and the Arsinoite nome, and particularly so in the second (93), third (77) and fourth centuries (41). It is also well attested in the Byzantine period\u2014the fifth (11), sixth (38), and seventh centuries CE (16)\u2014and is used throughout Egypt as well as elsewhere.<\/p>\n

In sale documents, the capacity clause is the third recorded, after the clauses recording the act of sale and the payment of the price. The capacity clause records the purchaser\u2019s right of ownership as well as its consequences. Among the more than 100 verbs used in the capacity clause, four main groups are observed: (1)\u00a0<\/strong>manifestations of title (particularly \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9), (2) use of the object (most commonly \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u1f73\u03c9, \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9); (3) improvement and modification of the object (e.g., \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c9, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9, \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9); and (4) alienation (e.g., \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03c9, \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03cc\u03c9, \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9, \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9). As this right is continuous or recurrently exercised, the tense most commonly used is the present, in the infinitive or the participle depending on the syntax of the clause. The same verbs recur in other contexts in which a party is granted or denied the right of disposal: foreclosure, freedom of future disposition in wills, a dowry clause, etc. Unlike the foreclosure clause, however, the capacity clause does not anticipate a party\u2019s entering the pledged object.<\/p>\n

For terms denoting title<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9 (and its nominal counterpart \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u1f77\u03b1) is the most common (244) followed by \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9 (\u03ba\u03c1\u1f71\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2) (178) and the various derivations of the root desp<\/em>– (60 cases). Terms denoting the general right of disposition<\/strong> are attested: \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03c9 (154), \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u1f73\u03c9 (191), \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u1f73\u03c9 (100), \u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 (130) and the medio-passive voice of \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 (58). Within each group, certain cases or constructions are used to complement the verb, by and large following the syntactical rules: the genitive in the case of verbs denoting ownership and \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f77 + gen. for verbs expressing the general right of disposition and exploitation. Verbs recording alienation may be followed by the dative (e.g., in the case of sale: \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2) but may also be used absolutely; verbs recording transformation of the object are used absolutely. Finally, in the case of the verbs \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, the document reports the yields of the land as a direct object, (e.g., \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1).<\/p>\n

The earliest group, that of Alexandrian synchoreseis<\/em> [Type1]<\/strong>,<\/a> already exhibits the key features that will characterize the capacity clause in later times. In BGU IV 1130 (4 BCE, Alexandria), we read (ll. 13-16): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9[\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9]\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03a3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 | 14<\/sup> \u03c4\u0323\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03c0\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c7\u0323[\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7]\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u0323\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9]\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 15<\/sup> \u1f10\u03b3\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8[\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u0323\u03c0\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03bb\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u1fd6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 | 16<\/sup> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f43 \u1f10[\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf]\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u2018And from now on let Sarapion control and master what was conveyed to him, add new buildings, offer it on lease, convey it to another, dispose, administer, and perform in their regard whatever he may wish\u2019). Stressing the immediate effect of the acquired position, the document first records the acquisition of title, coming into possession, and its key consequences: building up, leasing out, conveying to others, and all other forms of disposal.<\/p>\n

Early Roman sale documents from the Arsinoite nome introduce an account of the purchaser\u2019s capacities through non-prevention wording\u2014\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> [Type2]<\/a>\u2014<\/strong> with an account of the purchaser\u2019s rights in the participle. P.Lond. II 154.14-16 (68 CE, Karanis) is typical: \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72 | 15<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1[\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd] \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2\u0323 \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (l.<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4(\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (read \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2) \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b1\u03b9 | 16<\/sup> \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8(\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf(\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1[\u1ff3] \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (l.<\/em> \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2) \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6(\u03c2) \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u0323\u1f70\u0323\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1(\u1ff6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9) (\u2018Let the vendor not prevent Philomen or his representatives from controlling (the purchased house), entering and maintaining it, demolishing and rebuilding it, using it in whatever form they find fit, mortgaging it or alienating them to another and using it in any way they find fit\u2019). Here both the title (\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2) and the purchaser\u2019s resulting rights of disposition are reported paratactically, in the participle. Here too, the account moves from recording the title to describing its consequences, showing close affinity to the capacities recorded in the Alexandrian document quoted above. Already in the first century, one encounters a different formulation in diaireseis<\/em>, each former partner\u2019s capacity phrased independently (viz., not depending on the non-prevention formulation). P.Mich. III 186.22-24 (72, Bacchias): \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bc\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03b1\u0323 | 23<\/sup> \u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03c8\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f67\u03bd \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1f7c\u03c2 | 24<\/sup> \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f15\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u02bc \u1f43\u03bd \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 (\u2018But let each of them and those receiving the assets from them own and master whatever was allotted to each as indicated above, and let each use his share undisturbed in whatever form they wish\u2019).<\/p>\n

Elsewhere the scribe draws a clear distinction between the title and its consequences:<\/p>\n

One way of expressing this distinction is through the nominal pair \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong> with the consequences of the title recorded in the participle [Type3]<\/strong><\/a>. This wording is invoked in the Hermopolite and Oxyrhynchite nomes from the second through the fifth century CE. Differently from its Arsinoite counterpart, the document also records the immediacy and permanency of the title. P.Stras. III 144.9-12 (244 CE, Hermopolites): \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c3\u0323\u1f72 [\u03ba]\u03b1\u0323\u1f76\u0323 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 [\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd]\u03bf\u0323\u03c5 \u1f61\u03c2\u0323 \u03c0[\u03c1\u03cc]\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323[\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b1\u0323\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f00\u03c1\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u0323[\u03c1]\u03b7\u03c2 [\u1f21\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2] | 10<\/sup> \u03ba\u03c5[\u03c1\u03af\u03b1]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc[\u03ad\u03bd]\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1[\u1f76] \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u0323\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd[\u03c4]\u03b1\u0323\u03c2\u0323 [\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba]\u03b1\u0323\u03b8\u0323\u02bc \u1f43\u0323[\u03bd \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd] \u03b1\u0323\u1f31\u0323\u03c1\u0323[\u1ff6\u03bd]\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5[\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2] | 11<\/sup> \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9]\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f00[\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1]\u03bf\u0323\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf[\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae]\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u1f76 [\u03c0]\u03b5\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03b9\u0323[\u03b5]\u03c3\u0323\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5[\u03bd\u03b1] \u03c0\u0323\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf[\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6] | 12<\/sup> \u03bd\u0323\u1fe6\u0323\u03bd [\u1f10\u03c0]\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f05\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd (\u2018And let pertain to you and your representatives the ownership and dominion of the aforesaid sold half-aroura<\/em> of catoicic land, using and administering it in whatever manner you see fit, enjoying the fruits, collecting for your personal use its annual yields and all that accrues in the future, from now for all time\u2019).<\/p>\n

The same phenomenon\u2014a hierarchy of verbs denoting ownership and those assigning the capacity to dispose\u2014is created whenever the verbs denoting ownership\u2014\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u1f73\u03c9, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03c9, \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9\u2014are supplemented by the expression \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9, \u2018to have authority to\u2019, which introduces an account of activities resulting from title: construction, demolition, transformation, sowing, selling, mortgaging, donating, leasing out, disposing by will, and others. This formulation [Type4]<\/strong><\/a> occurs from the second century onwards and is common throughout Egypt until late antiquity. See, e.g., BGU III 825.2-6, from 190\/1 Arsinoites, one of its earliest attestations: \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f00\u03c0\u1f78] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd | 3<\/sup> \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5[\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1]\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 | 4<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03be \u03b1[\u1f50\u03c4]\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 | 5<\/sup> \u1f34\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f10\u03be]\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9|6<\/sup>\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 [\u1f10\u03c0\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f43 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b1\u1f31\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u2018And from now on she shall dominate and own the house which, as stated earlier, was sold to her, shall collect all its yields for her personal use, and shall have the authority to sell them to others, administer them, and perform in their regard whatever legal act she see fit\u2019).<\/p>\n

The Byzantine evidence exhibits both formulations: a list of terms of ownership recorded paratactically [type1]<\/strong>, and the hierarchical account, in which following an account of the ownership the individual capacities are derived from the phrasing \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd [type4]<\/strong>. SB I 5114.24-34 (630-640 CE, Apollonopolis Magna) is paradigmatic of the former category: \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fd6\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 ?) \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0396\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 – ca.9 -] | 25<\/sup> \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u1f72\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf(\u03c5) \u03c4\u03c1\u03af[\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2] | 26<\/sup> \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u1f10\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u0323[\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd] | 27<\/sup> \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03be\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf[\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5] | 28<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9[\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u1fb6\u03bd] | 29<\/sup> \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd] | 30<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6[\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd] | 31<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9[\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2] | 32<\/sup> \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2039\u03cc\u03c7\u203a\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f01\u03c0\u03bb[\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd] | 33<\/sup> \u1f10\u03c0\u02bc \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7, \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 [\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] | 34<\/sup> \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 (\u2018So that you, the aforesaid Zacharia and [ – – ] will control forthwith and for all time, own, and dominate in accordance with every right of irrevocable ownership, that very one-third of a house of the late Tachymia from foundation to airspace together with all common rooms, entrance and exit, and upstairs and downstairs in the same proportion of one-third, and shall inhabit, administer, transform, build and rebuild, give away, surrender, let out, exchange, sell, donate, transfer to children, bequeath to heirs and possessors, and, in general, say and do whatever the laws afford to absolute proprietors authoritatively and without hindrance\u2019).<\/p>\n

Bibl.: Schwarz (1920): 170-184; Taubenschlag (1955): 326; L\u00fcddeckens (1960): 319-320; Zauzich (1968): 135; Kniepkamp (1970): 41-45; Draht (1970): 9-10; Wolff (1974): 83-92; Straus (2004): 145-147.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the following list, italics are reserved to cases in which the verb appears in the participle, and not in the infinitive or indicative mood.<\/p>\n

BGU<\/span> I<\/strong> 13.9-11 (289, ArsN) [1: exous.: pol., epitel., dioik.]; 71.16-18 (189, Kar) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik.]; 94.16-17 (289, PtolEu) [4: kyrieu.; exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 233.13-15 (161-169, ArsN) [2: oikonom.]; 234.18 (142, Kar); 241.36-38 (177, Kar) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., epitel.]; 282.32-36 (175-180, ArsN) [4: krat., kyr., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 316.20-21 (359, Askalon) [1: ech., ktas., chras., pol., dioik.]; 350.12-14 (103-15, Nilopolis) [2: kyr., eisod., exod., kathair., anoikod., episkeuaz., pol., hypoth.<\/em>]; II<\/strong> 422.18-20 (139\/40, ArsN) [men.: KYR., KRAT.]; 542.11-13 (165, Athenas Kome) [4: krat., kyr., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 666.23-26 (177, ArsN) [4: KYR, apopher.]; 667.15-17 (222, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu.<\/em>, apopher.*, exall.<\/em>, dioik., oikonom.]; III<\/strong> 709.17-18 (138-161, Kar) [2a: apopher., mesit., parach.<\/em>*]; 805.9-10 (138, SokN?); 825.1-6 (190\/1, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu.]; 859.13-15 (161-163, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., hypoth., oikonom.]; 901.4-5 (II\/III, ArsN) [2a: oikod., oikonom.<\/em>]; 906.5-9 (34\/5, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., prosdiair., misth., potiz., ekch., mesit., parach., dioik.<\/em>]; 917.14-17 (348, PtolEu) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: metapol., hypoth., tel.]; 1002. (55A<\/sup><\/span>, Herm); IV<\/strong> 1013.17-18 (41-68, ArsN) [3\/4: exous.: pol., hypoth., oikonom.]; 1037.34-37 (48, Kar) ]<\/span>kyrieu.]; 1049.17-20 (342, PtolEu) [1: kyrieu., tel., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 1059.9-12 (30A<\/sup><\/span>-14, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., parach.]; 1129.19-28 (13A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., parach., ekmisth., apopher., oikonom., epitel., tel.]; 1130.13-16 (4A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: krat., kyrieu., embat., epoikod., ekmisth., parach., chres., dioik., epitel.]; 1170.50-60, ll. 54-57 (10A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [1: exeinai: parad. (inf.aor.), enechyr., apopher., epitel.]; VII<\/strong> 1642.11-12 (II, Phil) [2: KRAT., KYR.: chra., oikonom.<\/em>]; VIII<\/strong> 1732.6-8 (80-30a<\/sup><\/span> Herak) [\u1f27\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 1733.9-11 (80-30a<\/sup><\/span> Herak); XI<\/strong> 2052.12-13 (II, Herakleia?) [2: kyrieu., apopher., hypotith., exall.<\/em>]; 2054.16-17 (184-192, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>]; 2113.11-13 (178\/9, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.]; 2478.12 (c. 90-96, Kar) [2: anoikod., enoik.<\/em>]; XVII<\/strong> 2698.16-20 (VII, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu.*, despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., ekmisth., metamisth., ktiz., epiktiz., pol., hypoth., charis., antikatal., poi., prat.]; XIX<\/strong> 2830.10-11 (309\/10, Herm) [NC]; 2831.6-14 (VIf<\/sup>, Herm) [1: kyrieu., despoz., chre., oikonom., dioik., anagag., parapemp., ekpoi., hypoth., antikatal., epidid.]; 2833.7 (249, Herm) [NC]; CPR<\/span> I<\/strong> 4.21-24 (52, Herakleia) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod.,<\/em> apopher., chr., hypoth., exall., oikonom.<\/em>]; 11.24-26 (108, PtolEu) [krat., kyrieu, oikonthes.]; 28.8-28, l. 18 (110, PtolEu) [ed.: \u1f21 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3{\u03b5}\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2;]; 104.16-17 (c. 190-192, ArsN) [men.: KRAT., KYR.]; 105.11 (II, ArsN) [1: kyrieu., krat.]; 146.1-2 (II, ArsN) [NC]; 148.1 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [NC]; 156.5-6 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [exous.: oikonthes.*]; 163.6 (IIIf<\/sup>, HerakN) [NC]; 168.8-9 (IIIf<\/sup>, ArsN) [KYR., KRAT.*]; 170.17-18 (103-117, ArsN) [2: oikonom.<\/em>*]; 175.22-24 (IIIf<\/sup>, PtolEu) [2: krat., oikonom.<\/em>]; 179.17 (I\/II, PtolEu?) [2: kyrieu., oikonom.<\/em>]; 186.11-12 (II, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 188.19-21 (106\/7, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu., ekch., mesiteu., parachor., dioik.]; 189.17-18 (II, ArsN) [2?: krat., hypoth., prat.<\/em>]; 191.8-9 (after 212, ArsN) [2: kyrieu.]; 192.7-10 (II, ArsN) [NC]; 198.5-6 (138, ArsN) [1: karpeia]; 204.7? (II, ArsN) [NC]; 206a.12-13 (138-161, PtolEu) [3: krat., kyrieu., apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 206b.12-14 [krat., kyrieu: apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., pol., oikonom.<\/em>]; 207.21-26 (II, ArsN) [1?] [3?: krat.]; 214.1-3 (II, ArsN) [2?: kyrieu, pol., hypotith., oikonom.]; 216.4-5 (I\/II, SokN) [NC]; 218.14-15 (II, SokN) [NC]; 223.20-23 (117-138, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., chr., apopher., pol., hypotith.<\/em>]; 226.3 (IV\/V, ArsN) [3?: krat., kyrieu.]; VII<\/strong> 14.13-14 (305, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.]; 44.24-26 (V\/VI, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., epipoi., antikal., oikod., epoikod.]; 46.21-23 (VI, Herm) [3?]; 47.8-13 (c. 645, HerakN) [4: krat., kyrieu., despoteu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., pol., parach., apochariz.]; XVIIa<\/strong> 17a.5-6 (321?, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; XVIIb<\/strong> 18 ll. 1-14, ll. 8-9 (217\/8, Panop) [NC];<\/span> M.Chr.<\/span><\/strong> 361.9-14 (355, Eleph) [nemes.]; P.Aberd.<\/span><\/strong> 53.10-11 (10\/1, UP) [NC]; P.Amh.<\/span> II<\/strong> 95.6-8 (109, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: karpiz., diamisth., apopher.]; 96.5-7 (213, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom., georg., diamisth., karpiz., apopher.]; 99a (179, Herm) [3]; P.Bing.<\/span><\/strong> 130.8-10 (526-548, Aphr) [1]; P.Ammon<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 48.a.4-5, b.16-17 (after 9.12.348) [1?: krat., kyrieu, despoteian echein]; P.Bas.<\/span> II<\/strong> 28.1-5 (II, ArsN) [2?: apopher.*, pol., hypotith., oikonom.*<\/em>]; P.Bingen<\/span><\/strong> 75.8-10 (IIIb<\/sup>, Ox?) [2?: apopher., hypotith.<\/em>]; 130.8-11 (526-548, Aphr) [1: ech., despoz., dioik., oikonom., neme., parapemp., chr.]; P.Bastianini<\/span><\/strong> 25.16 (V\/VI, Narmouthis) [2];<\/span><\/strong> P.Bodl.<\/span><\/strong> I 44.5-7 (310, UP) [4: epikr., kyrieu, exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 45.25-31 (c. 610, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik.*, dioik., oikonom., anoikod., ekchor., parachor., ekmisth., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., eip., prat.]; 68.2-4 (II\/IIIe<\/sup>, UP) [2: kyrieu., apopher., mesiteu., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; 169.15 (308?, Oasis Magna) [wet-nurse contract: exous.: dioik.]; P.Brem.<\/span><\/strong> 68.7-9 (99, Herm?) [1: metep., kta., chr., oikonom.]; P.Brook.<\/span><\/strong> 97.13-14 (II, UP) [NC]; P.Cair.Goodsp.<\/span><\/strong> 13.8-10 (341, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Cair.Isid.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0104.21-24 (297, Kar); 105.13-15 (297, Kar) [1: exous.: krat., kyrieu., dioik.]; P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> I<\/strong> 67097r<\/sup>.19-30 (571\/2?, Aphr) [4: krat., kyrieu., despoz., \u1f10\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: prat., neme., kte., parapemp., metapoi., ekpoi., chr., antikatal., chr.]; 67098.20-27 (490-565, Aphr?) [4?: kyrieu.]; 67120.7-13 (c. 567\/8, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f00\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd]; II<\/strong> 67151.149-156 (570, Antin) [4Byz: enkrateis: \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; 67169.20-23 (569, Antin) [1: ed.: \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9]\u03b1\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03ba\u0323\u03b1\u0323[\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3]\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9;]; P.Cair.Preis.<\/span><\/strong> 42.7 (III\/IV, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., dioik.]; P.Col.<\/span> VII<\/strong> 181.14-16 (342, Kar) [1: kra., kyrieu., apopher., dioik., oikonom., dieuthyn.]; 188.21-23 (320, Kar) [2: exous.: diair.]; X<\/strong> 254.1-7 (129, Ox ?) [1: kyrieu., oikonom.]; P.Coles<\/span><\/strong> 27.12-13 (IVb<\/sup>, UP) [3\/4: exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Coll.Youtie<\/span> I<\/strong> 19.23-26 (44, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., chr., apopher., dioik., hypotith., parach.<\/em>]; 50.10-12 (IIe<\/sup>, Ox) [KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.]; II<\/strong> 71.27-30 (281, Panop) [1: kyrieu., epikrat., oikonom., telousan<\/em>]; 75.6-8 (III, Herm) [3s: KYR, KRA, chr.<\/em>, anoikon.<\/em>]; 83.13-16 (353, Ox) [4: kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Corn.<\/span><\/strong> 12.26-30 (283, Antin) [3: krat., kyrieu., epitel.<\/em>]; P.Daris<\/span><\/strong> 27.14-15 (363, OxN) [4: oikonom.]; P.Diog.<\/span><\/strong> 32.11-13 (II\/III, Phil) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., parach.]; P.Dryton<\/span><\/strong> 3.19,\u00a031 (126a<\/sup><\/span>, Path) [ed.: \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u1f70 \u03b2 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u1f10\u03be \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ad\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd;]; 4.20 (126a<\/sup><\/span>, Path) [same as foregoing]; P.Dubl.<\/span><\/strong> 32.9-11 (512, ArsPol) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., belti., philokal, kathel., anoikod., metaschem., parapemp., ekpoi., apochariz.]; 33.10-13 (513, ArsPol) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., belt., philok., kathel., anoik<\/span>od., metaschem., parapemp., ekpoi., apochariz.]; P.Dura<\/span><\/strong> 26.14-18 (227, Sachare) [1: kta., chr., pol., dioik.]; P.Erl.<\/span><\/strong> 63.1 (III, UP) [apopher.]; P.Euphrates<\/span><\/strong> 6.16-19 (249, Markopolis) [1: ech., kta., pol., dioik.]; 8.21-24 (251, Beth Phuraia) [1: ech., kta., pol., dioik.]; 9.18-20 (252, Beth Phuraia) [1]; P.Flor.<\/span><\/strong> 47a.12-13 (217, Herm) [1: antilamb., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 47b.12-13 (217, Herm) [1: antilamb., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; III 324.9-10 (I\/II, HermN) [4: KYR.*, KRAT*., chr.<\/em>]; 380.4-5, 12-16 (203\/4, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom., karpiz., apopher., tel.<\/em>]; P.Fouad<\/span><\/strong> I 39.5-9 (244-249, Ox) [exeinai: chr., oikonom.]; P.Freib.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 8.14-17 (144, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; P.FuadUniv<\/span><\/strong>. 21.16-19 (253-260, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; P.Gen.<\/span> II<\/strong> 116.42-43 (247, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; IV<\/strong> 186.24-27 (473-490, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., parapemp.]; P.Giss.<\/span><\/strong> I 28.6-8 (142\/3, Herm) [3?]; 100.15-19 (272, OxN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Grenf.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 60.43-47 (582?, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., oikod., anoikod., ekchor.,* parach.*, charis<\/span>., metadid.*, katalimp., chr.]; 62.3 (535, Herm?) [1: \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9*, katech., diakatech.]; II<\/strong> 74.11-15 (302, Kysis) [3: KRAT., KYR., DESP., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Hamb.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 15.13-14 (209, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., exall., dioik., oikonom.<\/em>]; 30.20-24 (89, Phil) [1: enoik., enoikiz., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; III<\/strong> 217.10-11 (If<\/sup>, Ox?) [4]; 218.7-10 (29\/30, Oxyrhyncha) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., kathair., anoikod., enoik., enoikiz., apopher., hypotith., exall., dioik.]; P.Herm.<\/span><\/strong> 25.11-15 (V, Ta Memnoneia) [1:<\/span> epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oik., oikonom., oikod., pol., parach., charis.]; 28.12 (503, Ta Memnomeia) [enkrat., kyrieu.]; 32.1-8 (VI, UP); [krat., kyrieu.*, georg., karpou., misth., metamisth., phyt., ktis., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 62.6-8 (V, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu., speir., theriz.]; P.Ifao<\/span> I<\/strong> 29.11 (IIf<\/sup>, UP) [1]; P.Kell.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 8.7-9 (362, Kellis) [4]; 30.17-19 (363, Kellis) [1]; 34.10-14 (315, Kellis) [4]; 36.3-6 (308, Kellis) [4]; 38a.11-14 (333, Kellis) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., dioik., oikonom.<\/span>]; 39.11-14 (IV, Kellis) [4]; P.K\u00f6ln<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 141.18-19 (57\/8, OxN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.];<\/span><\/strong> 155.6-8 (VI, UP) [1]; IV<\/strong> 193.1-4 (V\/VI, Antin?) [1 (part.)]; V<\/strong> 232.10-11 (330\/338, Terenythis) [1]; VII<\/strong> 323.20-22 (VII, Papa Megale) [1]; XI<\/strong> 459.11 (436 ?, OxN); XIV<\/strong> 574.6-8 (II, ArsN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6*, KRAT., KYR.*] ; P.Laur.<\/strong><\/span> III<\/strong> 74.14-17 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Leid.Inst.<\/span><\/strong> 50.6-8 (210\/1, OxN) [prosphora]; 54.11-14 (272, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 104.11-12 (IV\/V, Ox?) [4?: exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Lips.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 3.4-5, 11-12 (256, Herm) [4: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom.] [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 4.22-26 (293, Herm) [3]; 6.2.10-11 (306, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 10.1.5-2.11, ll. 1.38 (178, Herm) [1, nomina actionis<\/em>: karpeia, diamisthosis]; 26.4-5, 9-11 (IVb<\/sup>, Herm?) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Lond.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 77.34-40 (c. 610, Herm\u03bfnthis) [1: kta., dioik., oikonom., philokal., oik., oikod., neme., ekmisth., pol., parach., antikatal., dor., charis., apocharis., prat., exodiaz.]; 140.19-21 (69-79, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., anoikod., pol., chr.<\/em>]; 154.15-16 (68, Kar) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., kataspa., anoikod., chr., hypotith., exall., chr.<\/em>]; III<\/strong> 870.14 (IV, Panop) [ed.: \u03b5\u1f30 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1[\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2] \u03c0\u03c1[\u03bf]\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9[\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2;]; 932.7 (211, Herm) [exestin: chr., oikonom.]; 951r<\/sup>.2-4, 6-7 (249, UP) [krat., kyrieu., tel.<\/em> (\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1)]; 977.30-34 (330, Antin) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., epitel.<\/em>]; 978.14-15 (331, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu*, chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 991.14-15 (481, UP) [4?: kyrieu., anoikod., dounai, chr.]; 1158.3-4 (226, Herm) [2: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 1164c.19-22 (212, Antin) [1]; 1164e.14-15 (212, Antin) [1]; 1164f.18-24 (212, Antin) [1]; 1298.4-5 (231, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; V<\/strong> 1686.32-36 (565, Aphr) [4: exeinai: ech., hex., chr.]; 1722.35-39 (530, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., pol., chariz., diatass., epitel.,]; 1724.51-55 (578, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., pol., metapol., oik., katoik., oikod., epoikod., kta., chra.]; 1727.29-38 (583\/4, Sy) [1: katakyrieu., despoz., dioik., oik., philokal., treph., himatiz. (aor.), kedeu. (aor.), ektel. (aor.)]; 1733.49-55 (594, Sy) [1: kyrieu, despoz., dioik., oikonom., oikod., pol., chariz., diatass.]; 1734.7 (578-582, Sy) [1: kta., chr.]; 1735.8-12 (VIl<\/sup>, Sy?) [exous.: krat., kyrieu., despot., metapol., charis., ekmisth., enoikiaz., katall., katatith.]; P.Lond. inv.<\/span><\/strong> 2917.5-6 (Vend<\/sup>\/VIb<\/sup>, Ta Memnonia) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., oikod., p.prat.]; P.Louvre<\/span><\/strong> I 15.20-22 (139, Psintanou) [4: exous.: metapol., epitel.]; II<\/strong> 109.9-11 (123\/4 or 136\/137, ArsN?) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., speir., apokarpiz., misiteu., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; P.Mert.<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 106.18-22 (285, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.*]; P.Mich.<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 186.22-24 (72, Bac) [4: kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 187.20-24 (75, Bac) [1: kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 262.25-28 (34\/5 or 35\/6, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., katergaz., kataspeir., misth., poi.:<\/em> potismoi, ekchyes, apopher., hypotith., parachor., dioik.<\/em>]; 322a.32 (46, Teb) [exous., pol., hypotith., exall., misth.]; 323.17-20 (47, Teb) [1: krat., despoz.]; 326.55-56 (48, ArsN) [1: krat., despoz.]; VI<\/strong> 428.9-10 (154, Kar) [2: kyrieu., eisod., exod., enoik., enoikiz., apopher., pol., hypotith., oikonom.]; IX<\/strong> 554.31-33 (before 93, PtolEu) [1?: exous.: enoik.]; X<\/strong> 583.17-20 (78, Bac) [2: kyrieu., despoz., eisod., exod., kataspa., anoikod., pol., hypotith., metadioik., chr.<\/span><\/em>]; 584.24-28 (84, Bac) [3: krat., kyrieu., kathair., anoikod., episkeuaz., syntel., hypotith., oikonom.]; 585.16-20 (87, Bac) [2: enoik., enoikiz., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; XII<\/strong> 635.17-19 (71, Bac) [2: enoik., apopher., chr.]; 636.13-15 (302, PtolEu) [4: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exsou.: dioik., oikonom.]; XIII<\/strong> 662.39-47 (615, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., epoikod., misth., metamisth., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 663.10-15 (VI, Aphr) [1: oik., dioik., oikonom., misth.*, metamisth.*, parapemp., chr., neme.]; 664.20-24, 24-27 (584\/5 or 600\/1, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz.: dioik., oikonom., parapemp., chr., neme.]; XIII<\/span><\/strong> 671.17-18 (VIm<\/sup>, Aphr) [ed.: [\u1f15\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f57] \u03b1\u0323\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9; exous., krat., exous., despoteian echein] ; XV<\/strong> 707.17-19 (185, Ox?) [2: KYR, KRAT, chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 719.15-17 (III, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; P.Michael.<\/span><\/strong> 40.29-37 (544\/559, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., georg., karpou., phorolog., ekpoi., metapoi., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 41.19-27 (539\/554, Aphr) [1: krat., despoz., kta., \u1f04\u03c1\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd]; 45.41-47 (540, Aphr) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoteu., dioik., oik., diabosk., diapol., parapemp., chr.]; 52.g.1-18 (VI\/VII, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., oikonom., oikod. exous.: chr., oikonom.*, ekmisth., metamisth., georg. parapemp., chr., neme., syntel. (aor.)]; P.Mil.Vogl.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 23.17-19 (108, Teb) [3: apopher., pol., hypotith., oikonom.<\/em>]; 26.10-13 (128, Teb) [4: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exous.: parach., epitel.]; P.Monts.Roca<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 80.15-17 (161-168, UP); P.M\u00fcnch.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 4.2.24-31 (581, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., chrematiz., metaschem.*, pol.*, metapol., allag., ekmisth., philokal., \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, chariz., diatass., chr., poi., prat.]; 8.20-26 (c. 540, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., exousiaz., epitel.; ed.: \u1f10<\/span>\u03be\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03af \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9;]; 9.72-76 (585, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., anoikod., pol., metapol., chariz., diatass., kta., chr.]; 10.14-15 (586, Sy) [ed.: \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac[\u03c1]\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af[\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1]\u03bf\u03c2 | 15<\/sup> \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f00\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba(\u03b1\u1f76) \u03b4\u03bf[\u1fe6\u03bd]\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f51[\u03c0\u1f72]\u03c1 \u1f10\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6;]; 11.47-51 (586, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., oikod., pol., chariz., metapol., allag,poi., \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c8\u03b1\u03b9, prat.]; 12.37-40 (590\/1, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., oikod., pol., parach., dor., parapemp., chr.]; 13.40-51 (594, Sy) [4: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikonom., anoikod., ekmisth., allag,poi., pol., metapol., metaschem., dor., chor., parachor., chariz., diatass., katalimp., kta., chr., prat.]; 15.4-8 (493, Sy) [1: kyrieu.*, despoz., dioik., oikod., epoikod.*, pol.*, chariz., epitel.]; 16.28-33 (Vl<\/sup>, Sy) [1: kyrieu., despoz., dioik., oikod., epoikod., pol., chariz., epitel., \u03b8\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c2; kamar.(aor.), epitel.]; 84.18-21 (211, ArsN) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Neph.<\/span><\/strong> 29.16? (III\/IV, HerakN) [NC]; 33.14-15 (c. 330-340, HerakN) [1: dioik., oikonom., despoz.<\/em>]; P.NYU<\/span> II<\/strong> 16.13-15 (Ia<\/span>s<\/sup>\/If<\/sup>) [\u1f35\u03bd\u02bc \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9]; P.Oslo<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 31.19-21, 23 (138-161, UP) [1: krat., kyrieu.];<\/u> P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 272.13-19 (66, OxN) [ed.: \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3[\u03bf]\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af[\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5]\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0[\u03b1\u03af]|\u03c4\u03b7[\u03c3]\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9;]; 273.24-26 (95, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; 372.19-24 (74\/5, Ox) [3: kyrieu., hyparch., exous.: oikonom.]; III<\/span><\/strong> 503.18-20 (118, Kerkethyris, OxN) [1: exesti: \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, dioik., krat., kyrieu.]; 505.11-13 (179, Ox) [1?: chr.]; IV<\/strong> 719.25-26 (193, Ox) [1: exous.: parach., dioik., epitel.]; VIII <\/span><\/strong>1123.8-13 (158\/9, Ox) [4: kyrieu., hyparch., exous: oikon.]; <\/span>IX<\/strong> 1200.24-28 (266, Ox) [4]; 1208.17-19 (291, Ox) [4]; X<\/strong> 1270.45-46 (159, Ox); 1276.12-14 (249, Ox) [1]; 1278.18-22 (214, Ox) [NC]; XII<\/strong> 1475.27-28 (267, Ox) [4]; XIV<\/strong> 1634.14-15 (222, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 1635.8-10 (44-37A<\/sup><\/span>, Ox) [\u1f35\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9]; 1638.22-24 (282, Ox) [1: kyrieu.*, chr., oikonom., \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; 1696.11-14 (197, Ox) [1: krat.*, kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 1697.18-22 (242, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 1698.13-17 (269, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., apopher., chr., oikonom.*]; 1699.12-15 (240-280, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 1700.9-13 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., exous.: pol.]; 1702.5-8 (290, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu.*, exous.: chr.*, oikonom.*]; 1704.10-14 (298, Ox) [4: krat., exous.*, chr., oikonom., apopher., tel<\/em>.]; 1705.13-16 (298, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., ekmisth., pol.]; XIX<\/strong> 2236.21-27 (IIIe<\/sup>, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; XX<\/strong> 2270.4-7 (V\/VI?, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.];<\/strong> XXXIV<\/strong> 2723.19-22 (III, Ox) [1: krat.*, kyrieu., chr.*, oikonom.]; XLI<\/strong> 2972.33-36 (72, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; 2989.10-13 (III, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu.*, dioik., oikonom.]; XLIV<\/strong> 3197.16-18 (111, Ox) [1: kyrieu., dioik.]; XLIX<\/strong> 3498.22-25 (274, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., exous.*: chr.*, oikonom.]; LXVII<\/strong> 4586.18-22 (III, Nesmimis) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., epitel.]; LXXIII<\/strong> 4966.15-17 (371, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; LXXV<\/strong> 5058.24-27 (257\/8, Ox) [1: oikonom.]; P.Oxy.Hels.<\/span><\/strong> 44.19-22 (324, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.] ; P.Palau\u00a0Rib.<\/span><\/strong> 27.6 (VI\/VII, UP) [1?: kyrieu.]; P.Par.<\/span><\/strong> 21.29-34 (616, This) [1]\/[4: kyrieu., epikrat., despoteian echein, belt., oikod., pol., metapol., kataleip.(aor.)]; 21 bis.15-18 (592, This) [1]\/[4: kyrieu., epikrat., despoteian echein, belt., oikod., pol., metapol., kataleip.(aor.),<\/strong> charis., chr.]; P.Petaus<\/span><\/strong> 17.24-34, ll. 31-32 (184, PtolEu) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 18.21-33, ll. 29-31 (185, ArsN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRA<\/span>T., KYR.]; 22.26-40 ll. 35-37 (after 9.8.185, Syron Kome) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 23.17-21 (185\/6, Pharbaithos) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; P.Phil.<\/span> I<\/strong> 11.17-21 (141, Berenikis Aigialou) [1: krat., kyrieu., apographesthai, oikonom.]; P.Pintaudi<\/span><\/strong> 35.13-15 (III, Ox) [chras., oikonom.]; P.Prag.<\/strong><\/span> II<\/strong> 156.6-8 (V, HermN?) [1: chariz., diair.]; III<\/strong> 216.23-24 (IIIf<\/sup>, PtolEu) [4: exous., dioik., oikonom.*]; P.Ross.Georg.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 23.5 (156, Memphites) [menein: KRAT., KYR.]; 30.7-19 (130\/1 or 151\/2 or 174\/5, Memphis\/Delta) [menein: KRAT., KYR.]; P.Ryl.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 156.16-17 (I, Ox) [1]; 162.23-30 (159, SokN) [3: kyrieu., pol., hypotith., metadid., apopher.*<\/em>]; 163.8-9 (140, HermN) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; 165.21-22 (266, HermN) [3: krat., oikonom.<\/em>]; 312.15 (82-96, SokN) [2: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz<\/em>.]; 313.16-17 (82-96, SokN) [2: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz<\/em>.]; IV<\/strong> 709.9 (294-296, UP) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Sakaon<\/span><\/strong> 59.13-14 (305, PtolEu) [2: apopher., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 60.13-14 (306, PtolEu) [1: kyrieu., apopher., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Sijp.<\/span><\/strong> 46.3-5 (332, Herm) [KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Stras<\/strong>.<\/span> I<\/strong> 14.b18-21 (211, PtolEu) [1]; 79.12? (16\/5A<\/sup><\/span>, Sy) [NC]; III<\/strong> 144.9-12 (245, HermN) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom., karpou., diamisth., apopher.<\/em>]; 151.19-23 (100, SokN) [2: kyrieu., apogr., exall., dioik.<\/em>]; IV<\/strong> 284.17-18 (176-180, PtolEu) [4: exous.]; V<\/strong> 331.16-18 (98-117, UP) [2: parach.*, dioik.]; 370.23 (175-180, ArsN) [men.: KYR., KRAT.]; VI<\/strong> 543.11 (IIf<\/sup>, SokN) [NC]; 555.14-16 (289, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom., dioik.]; 556.12-13 (289, Herm) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.*, dioik.]; 583.15-17 (115\/6, ArsN) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., eisod<\/em>., exod<\/em>., chr<\/em>.]; 585.8-9 (153, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr<\/em>., oikonom.<\/em>]; VII<\/strong> 670.1-2 (III, Alex) [2?: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.]; 672.21-22 (289, Herm) [1: chres., oikonom., dioik., ekmisth.]; IX<\/strong> 831.18-19 (162\/3, Teb) [2: kyrieu., apopher., mesiteu., parach., dioik.<\/em>]; 861.7-9 (I, UP) [2: parach.<\/em>, dioik.<\/em>]; P.Tebt.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 319.18-27 (248, Teb) [1: krat., kyrieu., dioik., epitel., exous.]; 381.18 (123, Teb) [will]; 383.35-37 (46, Teb) [1: krat., despoz.]; 407.23 (199, Teb) [NC]; P.Tebt.Wall<\/span><\/strong>. 12.23 (101, Teb) [NC]; P.Thomas<\/span><\/strong> 28.11-15 (c. 514-538, Aphr) [1: ech., despoteu., neme., parapemp., chres.]; P.Turner<\/span><\/strong> 40.14-17 (215, UP) [1: krat., dioik., epitel.]; P.Ups.Frid<\/span><\/strong> 1.19-20 (48, Dionysias) [1?: pol., hypotith., metadiatith., oikonom.]; P.Vat.Aphrod.<\/span><\/strong> 4.1-6 (VIs<\/sup>, Aphr) [1: oik., dioik., oikonom., epoikod.*, ekmisth.*, metamisth.*, parapemp.*]; 5.b.5-6 (VI, Aphr) [1\/4: krat., kyrieu.*, dioik., oikonom., oikod.]; 7.14-20 (546\/7, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; P.Vind.Bosw.<\/span><\/strong> 6.5-6 (250, Herm) [3: KYR, KRAT., chr., oikonom.<\/em>]; P.Vind.Tand.<\/span><\/strong> 26.13-15 (143, SokN) [3: kyrieu., eisod., exod.]; P.Vindob. G<\/span><\/strong> 15300.3-10 (575-599, Herm) [kyrieu., despoz., oikonom., dioik.]; P.Wash.Univ.<\/span><\/strong> I 9.1-2 (IV, OxN) [3\/4: dioik., oikonom.]; 12.1-2 (IV, UP) [4: exous., dioik., oikonom.]; P.Wisc.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 58.14-16 (298, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., apopher., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 59.14-16 (298, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu<\/em>., apopher.*, exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; P.Yadin.<\/span><\/strong> 19.20-25 (scr.ext.) (128, Maoza) [1]; PSI<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 66.13-19 (V?, HermN) [3: KYR, KRAT: chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; IV<\/strong> 300.19-20 (324, Ox) [kyrieu.]; VI<\/strong> 704.24-27 (II, ArsN ?) [3: \u03bc\u1f73\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd: KRAT., KYR., dioik.<\/em>]; 705.12 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1?, krat., kyrieu.] ; VII<\/strong> 771.18? (321, Ox) [NC]; VIII<\/strong> 909.10-11 (44, Teb) [unique]; 946.28-32 (III, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., oikonom.]; X<\/strong> 1117.31-32 (138, Teb) [4: KRAT., KYR., exous., apograph.]; 1119.34-37 (156, Ox) [1: exeinai: chr., dioik.]; XII<\/strong> 1228.15-18 (188, OxN?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 1239.13-16 (430, Antin) [3: krat., kyrieu., despoteu.: despoz., chr., dioik., oikonom., epitel.<\/em>]; XIII<\/strong> 1320.13 (82-88, SokN) [3: anoikod., epitel., episkeuaz., within bebaiosis]; 1341.12-14 (Vb<\/sup>, Antin) [krat., kyrieu., despoteu., despoz., chr., dioik., oikonom., epitel., anepod.<\/em>]; XIV<\/strong> 1438.32-36 (II\/III, UP) [NC]; XV<\/strong> 1533.29 (IIIe<\/sup>?, OxN) [apopher.]; PSI Congr.<\/span><\/strong> XX<\/strong> 16.16-18 (330-340?, Ox?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., dioik., oikonom.]; SB<\/span> I<\/strong> 4661.8-11 (VI\/VII, ArsN) [4: krat.*, kyrieu.*, exous.: dioik., oikonom., epitel., prat., karpou.]; 4682.1-5 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; 4698.1-3 passim<\/em> (IV-VII, ArsN) [1] [4: kyrieu., krat.]; 4751.2-3 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.]; 4777.1-3 (IV-VII, ArsN) [NC]; 5112.44-51 (618, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikod., anoikod., ekxor., parachor., metaschem., ekmisth., enallat., neme., pol., charis., metadid., chr.]; 5113.25-31 (VI, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., metachremat., oikod., anoikod., ekchor., parach., ekmisth., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., p.eip., prat.]; 5114.24-34 (630-640, Apol) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., metachremat., oikod., anoikod., ekchor., parach., ekmisth*., enalla., pol., charis., metadid., katalimp., p.eip.] ; 5267.1-6 (IV-VII, ArsN) [4]; 5268.1-7 passim<\/em> (IV-VII, UP) [4: exous.: oikonom., epitel., belt., prosod., apochariz., p.prat.]; 5320.16-21 (VI\/VII, ArsN) [1: oikod., metaschem., chariz., p.prat. (aor.)]; 5673.16-18 (147, HermN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KRAT., KYR.]; 5679.15-17 (307, Oasis Magna) [1?: exeinai: apopher., despoz.]; III<\/strong> 6612.16-17 (365, OxN) [2: krat., kyrieu.]; V<\/strong> 7573.19-22 (116, Upper Egypt) [of mandatary: oikonom.]; 8007.7-8 (IVf<\/sup>, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom.]; 8946.8-11 (50\/1 ?, UP) [NC]; VI<\/strong> 8971.11 (284\/5, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; 8987.18-21 (644\/5, Ox) [1: ech., krat., kyrieu., despoz.]; 9145.17-19 (184-192, ArsN) [\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd* \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd]; 9219.16-17 (319, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr.*, oikonom.]; 9402.11-15 (VI\/VII, Kerkesis) [1: exous.: krat., kyrieu.]; 9569.8-11 (91, UP) [unique]; 9590.10-11 (VI\/VII, Herak) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz.*]; 9618.18-19 (192, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., prosdiair., mesiteu., parach., oikonom.<\/em>]; VIII<\/strong> 9642.1.14-16 (c. 112, Teb) [1: exous.: oikonom.]; 9831.9 (Il<\/sup>, ArsN) [NC]; 9906.21-23 (193\/4, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.]; X<\/strong> 10571.17-19 (194, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., hypotith., exall., oikonom.]; 10728.15-16 (318, Ox) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr.*, oikonom.]; XII<\/strong> 10784.11-14 (330-340, Oasis Magna?) [4: epikrat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; 11225.4-7 (425-450) [exous.: chr.]; 11229.8 (161-168 or 177-179, Ox) [NC]; XIV<\/strong> 11277.19-20 (225, Nilopolis) [1: kyrieu., enkrat., dioik.*, epitel.]; 11410.20- (106A<\/sup><\/span>, Haueris); 11578.6-12 (V?, UP) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., epitel., belt., philokal., kathel., anoikod., metaschemat., ekpoi.]; 11877.19-21 (348, Phil) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoteu.]; 12021.14-15 (377, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu.]; XVI<\/strong> 12263.10-11 (41-54 or 54-68, Teb) [3, in bebaiosis: chr., enoik., enoikiz., apopher.]; 12333.14-15 (189-193, Ox?) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., oikonom.]; 12758.15-16 (88, PtolEu) [2: exall., oikonom.]; 12946r<\/sup>.11-13 (474, Antin) [4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: chr., kta., dioik., oikonom.]; 12957.13-16 (103-114, SokN) [3: kyrieu., eisodeu., exodeu., apograph., kathair., anoikodom., episkeuaz., pol., hypotith., metadid., chr.<\/em>]; XVIII<\/strong> 13173.47-67 (629\/644, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., kta., neme., chr., oikonom., dioik., pol., hypoth., charis., antikatall., dor.did.(aor.), kataleip.(aor.), parapemp., poi., prat.]; 13320.67-78 (613-641, Aphr) [1: krat., kyrieu., despoz., oik., dioik., oikonom., oikodom., epoikod., ekmisth., metamisth., parapemp., chr., neme.]; 13764.21-23 (148-161, ArsN) [2: kyrieu., apopher., chr.<\/em>]; XX<\/strong> 14199.13 (179, Ox) [NC]; 14285.27-31 (59, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik.]; 14379.25 (320, Kar) [4: exous.: diair.(aor.)]; 14448.7-13 (VI\/VII, UP) [1: DESP.: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr.]; 14681.15-18 (IIIl<\/sup>, Ox) [1: krat., kyrieu., chr., dioik., epitel.]; 14974.19-25 (190, OxN) [\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6: KYR., KRAT.]; XXII<\/strong> 15326.13-14 (222-235, Kar) [2?: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>*]; 15472.16-18 (134, PtolEu) [2: apopher.*, exall., oikonom.<\/em>]; 15096.15-16 (363, OxN) [oikonom.]; 15472.16-18 (134, PtolEu) [2: apopher., exall., oikonom.]; 15618.9-13 (427\/8?, Alabastrine) [krat., kyrieu., teloun., exous.: chr., georg., dioik.,<\/em> parachor.]; 15965.18-19 (III\/IV, Kar) [kyrieu., oikonom.]; 15969.22-26 (491-518, Herm) [1: epikrat., kyrieu., despoz., chr., oikonom., dioik., parapemp.]; XXIV<\/strong> 16001.15-16 (168, Kar) [exous.]; 16002.15-18 (186-190, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher.<\/em>, dioik., oikonom.]; XXVIII<\/strong> 16895.15-18 (IVf<\/sup>, HermN) [oikonom.<\/em>]; 16986.5-7 (V, UP) [4: , kyrieu., exous.: chr., kta., dioik., oikonom.]; XXVIII<\/strong> 17049.8 (II, Teb) [4: chr., oikonom., dioik.]; XXX<\/strong>\u00a017623.13-15 (293, Herm);\u00a0SPP<\/span> I<\/strong> pp. 7-8.15-21 (454, Antin) [1: \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1: chr., despoz., kyrieu., dioik., oikonom., belt., parapemp., diapol.];<\/strong> XX<\/strong> 1.17-20 (83\/4, PtolEu) [2: kyrieu., apopher., eisod., exod., potiz., ekcheon., mesiteu., parachor., dioik<\/em>.]; 10.5-11 (168, ArsN) [4: , kyrieu., apopher., exous.: pol., dioik., epitel.]; 29.30-35 (227, HerakN) [4: , kyrieu., despoz., exous.: epitel.]; 50.19-20 (168\/9, Aphrodite Berenike) [2: kyrieu.*, apopher., dioik., oikonom.]; 71.12-14 (269\/70, Herm) [3: oikonom<\/em>.]; 72.11-13 (271\/2, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT.: chr., oikonom.]; 74.5-6 (after 23\/6\/276?, Herm) [3\/4 : KYR, KRAT]; 110.15-19 (408-422 or 425-450, Herm) [3: DESP., KYR. KRAT., chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; 117.8-11 (411, Koba) [4: kyrieu., exous.: oikonom., epitel., parach.]; 121.20-25 (439, Herm) [3: KYR., KRAT., chr., oikonom., dioik.<\/em>]; 145.2-5 (VIs<\/sup>, ArsPol) [4: , kyrieu., exous.: belti., philok., paralimp., pol., prat.(aor.)]; 269.10-14 (VI\/VII, Ars?) [1: exous.: karpou., pol.]; 290r<\/sup> passim<\/em> (IV-VIII, UP) [4: exous.: epitel., belt., prosodeu., chariz., prat.] ; T.Varie<\/span><\/strong> 2.6-7 (VII, UP) [1: , kyrieu., chr., oikonom., chariz., pol., metapol., neme., chr.(aor).].<\/p>\n

\n

2. Capacities of Pledgee<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity, Security, Remuneration<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

In 11 Byzantine loan documents that record a security by hypotheke<\/em>, the creditor is allowed to acquire some right\u2014legal, actual, or both\u2014in the mortgaged item. Three documents stem from Middle Egypt, and four from Upper Egypt. In Middle Egypt [Type1]<\/strong>, the verb \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, with the pledgee as its subject, introduces an enumeration of the rights. In SB I 5285.33-36 (607 CE, Panopolites): \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd |34<\/sup><\/span> \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03af\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 35<\/sup> \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 | 36<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u2018So that you have the right to use and inhabit them, in return for the interest on said debt\u2019). In P.K\u00f6ln VIII 322.11-13, the same clause is developed further: \u2020 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9 (l<\/em>. \u03c4\u1f78) \u2039\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u203a \u03c3\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03c1\u0323\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u0323\u1f70\u0323 \u03c4\u0323[\u03bf]\u03b9\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u1fe6\u0323\u03c4\u03b1 | 12<\/sup> \u1f00\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u2039\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1f70\u203a \u03ba[\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0]\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4(\u1ff6\u03bd) \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1[\u03bf]\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f10\u0323\u03be\u0323\u03bf[\u03c5]\u03c3\u0323\u03af\u0323\u03b1\u0323\u03bd | 13<\/sup> \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u1fc3\u03b4(\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u0323\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f34\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7\u0323\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b7\u03c2 (\u2018So that you, said Gerontios and your heirs and all types of successors, will possess the immovables of this type with all their accruing rights in accordance with the aforementioned account and will have authority over the land to annually sow, extract the fruits, and receive the revenues, should you wish\u2019). In Upper Egyptian documentation, the term despoteia<\/em> is fundamental to the wording [Type2]<\/strong>. This is the case in P.Lond.<\/span> V 1737.16-18 (613 CE, Syene): \u1f10[\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7] \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd | 17<\/sup> \u03c3\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af[\u03b1]\u03bd \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u0323[\u03c0]\u03bf\u0323\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03b5\u03c9\u0323[\u03c2] | 18<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u0323\u03ad\u0323\u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03c5\u0323 \u03c7\u03c1[\u03c5]\u03c3\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 \u1f10\u0323\u03bd\u03b5\u0323\u03c7\u0323\u03b5\u03c1\u1ff3\u0323 (l<\/em>. \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03cd\u03c1\u1ff3) \u03b5\u0323\u03b9\u0323\u03c1\u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 (\u2018So that these assets become subject to your capacity as a pledge until the settlement and complete payment of the recorded gold\u2019). Cf. also P.Lond. V 1719.15-17 (556 CE, Thebes). The clause does not record the nature of the despoteia<\/em>. In both of the last-mentioned cases, however, the object is chattel: articles of bronze in P.Lond. 1737 and an armlet in P.Lond. V 1719; thus, a pledge seems very likely. The term despoteia<\/em> is also used in Upper Egypt in the case of land. Here the scribe details the nature of the mastership. In P.Lond. V 1723.15-18 (577 CE, Syene) he does so rather succinctly: [\u1f65]\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc[\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1] | 16<\/sup> [\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51]\u03c0\u0323\u1f78 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f51\u03bc\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u0323[\u03bd \u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf[\u03c4\u03b5\u03af]\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd (l<\/em>. \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd) | 17<\/sup> [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f51\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b1\u0323\u1f50\u0323\u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fd6\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03c7]\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f04\u03c7[\u03c1]\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u0323[\u03c3\u03b5]\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff6[\u03bd \u03c0]\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd | 18<\/sup> [\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af]\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 (l<\/em>. \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 (l<\/em>. \u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd) \u1f30\u03b4[\u03af]\u1ff3 \u03bc\u03bf(\u03c5) \u03ba[\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd]\u03bd\u1ff3 (\u2018So that all the aforementioned assets shall be under your authority, dominion, and absolute sway and that you will use them until full payment of the aforesaid four gold solidi<\/em> is made at my own risk\u2019.) In P.Michael. 42a.21-26 (566 CE, Aphrodite) the account is much more extensive and bases itself on the terminology of the capacity clause: \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u1f10\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u1fe6\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f24\u03b4\u03b7 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd | 22<\/sup> \u03c4\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u0323\u03c4\u0323[\u03c9]\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 23<\/sup> \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323[\u03bc]\u03ae\u0323\u03bd\u0323, | 24<\/sup> \u1f04\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf |25<\/sup>\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd | 26<\/sup> \u03b5\u1f50\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3 \u1f10\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 (\u2018So that you already and from now on hold all dominion, authority, and complete sway to inhabit, manage, and administer them, and that their possession will be subject to you as a pledge until the settlement and complete payment of all the aforementioned gold of the same accurately measured thirty solidi<\/em> is made\u2019). An equally detailed account, embedded in the Middle Egyptian formulation, is used in P.K\u00f6ln VII 322 (see above). As shown by the list of verbs attested in the context of this clause\u2014\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u1f77\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u1f7b\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c7\u03c1\u1f75\u03c3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u2014the pledgee is awarded utilization and cultivation, but never the power to dispose of the object. Effectively, this is a case of antichresis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Bibl.: Wolff (1974): 90.<\/span><\/p>\n

P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> III<\/strong> 67309.30-33, 48-51 (569, Antin) [2: oikesis, chresis], [1]; P.Edfou<\/span><\/strong>I<\/strong> 2.9-10 (619, Apol) [1]; P.K\u00f6ln<\/span><\/strong>VII<\/strong> 322.11-14 (VII, Herak) [1: \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1; exous.: speir., karpou., prosodeu.]; P.Lond.<\/span><\/strong>V<\/strong> 1719.15-17 (556, Thebes) [2]; 1723.15-18 (577, Sy) [2: exous., despot., authent.: chras.]; 1737.16-18 (613, Sy) [2]; P.Michael.<\/span><\/strong> 42a.21-26 (566, Aphr) [1: exous.: oik., dioik., oikonom.] [2: \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae]; P.Monts.Roca<\/span><\/strong>IV<\/strong> 78.11-14 (49-54, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, objects, in dative, \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; SB<\/span> I<\/strong> 5285.33-36 (607, PanopN) [2: oikesis, chresis]; XVIII<\/strong> 13167.4-15 (IIm<\/sup>, UP) [2]; XXX<\/strong> 17667.14-17 (603, HerakN).<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

3. Capacities of Lessee<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

This clause gives the lessee the capacity to dispose of the object, within the limits of the rental contract. The clause is best attested in the context of house leases, with two key components, both attested in P.Mert. II 76.18-23 (181 CE, Oxyrhynchos): (1) \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u0323\u02bc [\u03b1\u1f50]\u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6 [\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 19<\/sup> \u03c4\u0323\u03cc\u0323\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2\u0323 \u03b5\u0323\u1f30\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u03c4\u0323\u1f78\u0323\u03bd [\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd, (2) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76] \u1f14\u0323\u03c7[\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd] | 20<\/sup> [\u03b5]\u1f30\u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bf\u0323\u1f53\u0323\u03c2\u0323 \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03b2\u0323[\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9] (\u2018having, together with his household, the use of [said] site for the period without hindrance [and the right] to bring in to live with him whomsoever he chooses\u2019). The clause is derived from its counterpart in the sale contract, but here the lessee\u2019s freedom of disposal is curtailed.<\/p>\n

Bibl.: Taubenschlag (1955): 366; M\u00fcller (1985): 241-242; Hengstl (1992): 121-139.<\/span><\/p>\n

BGU<\/span> IV<\/strong> 1116.15-20 (13A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, apopher., exous.: enoikiz., exoikiz., metamisth.]; 1117.20-21 (3A<\/sup><\/span>, Alex) [<\/span>\u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2, apopher.]; P.Bingen <\/strong>1<\/span>32.18-19 (541, Aphr) [\u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u1f01\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f40\u03c8\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u1fb6]; P.Cair.Masp.<\/span> III<\/strong> 67299.12-15 (527-565, Antin) [echein: diekdik.]; 67303.15-17 (553, Aphr) [\u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u0323\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd]; P.Daris<\/span><\/strong> 25.3-4 (after 161, UP) [apopher.]; P.Genov.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 22.20-21 (345, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Giss.<\/span><\/strong> I<\/strong> 49.26-28 (IIIm<\/sup>, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Hamb.<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 265.6-7 (VIl<\/sup>, Aphr) [\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u02bc \u1f10\u03bc\u1f72 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd] ; P.Laur. IV<\/strong> 163.5-6 (279, UP)<\/span> [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Lond.<\/strong><\/span> II<\/strong> 483.38-47, 71-83 (615\/6, ApolHept) [oik., dioik., ekpoi.(v), metapoi.(v), philok.(v) (aor.), \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03be\u03b1\u03b9, p.pratt., parapemp., \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9]; P.Mert.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 76.18-20 (181, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; P.Mich.<\/span><\/strong> XIV<\/strong> 678.9-11 (98, UP) [exous.: epitel.]; XVIII<\/strong> 788.13-16 (173, Ox) [exous.: synchr.]; P.Mil.<\/span> I<\/strong> 55.16-17 (307, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Oslo<\/span><\/strong> III<\/strong> 138.13-15 (323, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9]; P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> VI<\/strong> 912.16-19 (235, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; VII<\/strong> 1036.25-28 (272, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; VIII<\/strong> 1127.14-17 (183, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; XIV<\/strong> 1695.27-28 (360, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; XVII<\/strong> 2109.38-41 (261, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2]; 2136.10-12 (291, PtolEu) [capacity4: krat., kyrieu., exous.: dioik., oikonom.]; P.Ross.Georg.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 19.21-25 (141, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u1f7b\u03c2]; P.Tebt.<\/span><\/strong> III.1<\/strong> 815.cv<\/sup>.1.25-32, ll. 29-30 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.er<\/sup>.10-27, ll. 24-25 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.fr<\/sup>.2.13-30, ll. 21-23 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb); 815.gr<\/sup>.1-7, ll. 4-7 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1f41\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9]; 815.gr<\/sup>.41-45, l. 44 (223\/2A<\/sup><\/span>, Teb) [\u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd]; P.Val.Sal.<\/span><\/strong> 8.13-15 (323, HermN) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2]; SB<\/span><\/strong> IV<\/strong> 7444.10-11 (327, Ox) [\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c9\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2].<\/p>\n

\n

4. Capacities of Lessor<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

In the sharecropping contract P.Harr. I 137.13-17 (II CE, Oxyrhynchos), the lessor is given an opportunity to purchase wine as well as other yields of the estate: \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f54\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03c9\u03ba\u03c5\u03af\u1fb3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 14<\/sup> \u1f60\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f60\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (l<\/em>. \u03bf\u1f34\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5) \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd[ -ca.?- ] \u03c4o\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 | 15<\/sup> \u03c0\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 \u0323 | 16 <\/sup>\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03ba|17<\/sup>\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (\u2018The lessor is entitled to purchase the wine harvest as well as the yields of the orchard, the palm groves, and all other things belonging to them, both the supplementary payments and those fixed by an agreement\u2019). In P.Michael. 19.21 (III CE, Oxyrhynchites), he is allowed to produce bricks (\u03c0\u03bb\u0323\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u0323\u03cd\u0323\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u1ff3).<\/p>\n

Bibl.: Herrmann (1957); Kloppenborg (2006): 500.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

5. Rights of Widow<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

Widows are mentioned in wills in different formulaic contexts: the widow is in charge of settling the testator\u2019s debts<\/a>, arranging his burial rites<\/a>, and settling guardianship<\/a> of underage children. (See the respective entries). But widows are also accorded rights to dispose of some of the testator\u2019s estate: the wife may be accorded the right of residence (\u03bf\u1f34\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c1\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2) and disposal of house implements (\u1f10\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b1, \u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae); the right to claim the yields (\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1) of agricultural land; and to employ the services (\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 and \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u1f77) of slaves. Alternatively, the wife is accorded a maintenance quota in cash or in kind. Some documents protect her from a challenge by others: so, possibly, in SB VIII 9642.4.12-13 (117-137, Tebtynis): [ – -] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u00a0\u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323 [ – – ] | 13<\/sup>\u00a0[ – – ] \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd (\u2018The said children shall not have power on the strength of this document to manage anything . . . of their mother\u2019). The text of P.Mich. XVIII 785a and b ll. 11-17 (47\/61 CE, Ptolemais Euergetis), cited paradigmatically here, records, besides the enoikesis,<\/em> the right of the widow to dispose of the land, the duty to pay the debts, and the right to assign the product to the children: \u00a0(\u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9) \u03c4\u1fc6\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u0323\u1fe6\u0323 \u1f41\u0323\u03bc\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03bb\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u0323\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f76 | 12<\/sup>\u00a0[\u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc(\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u03bf\u1f30\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f03] \u1f10\u1f70\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u1fc3 \u03c3\u0323\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd[\u03b1] \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u02bc \u1f43 \u03b4\u03ae |13<\/sup>[\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc]\u03b5\u0323\u03bd\u03b1 \u1f67\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u0323\u03b3\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u1fd6 \u1f41 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u0323\u03ba\u0323 [\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6] \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 | 14<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03b7 (\u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2)\u00b7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5]\u03bd\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03bc\u0323\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u1f21\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u0323\u03bd\u03b7{\u03b9} \u03a4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd [\u1f67\u03bd] \u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f41 \u1f41\u03bc\u0323\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u1ff6\u03bd | 15<\/sup> [\u1f40\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd -ca.?- ]\u00a0 \u0323\u00a0 \u0323\u03c3\u0323\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd\u0323 \u03c4\u0323\u03bf\u0323\u03cd\u03c4\u0323\u03c9\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u2039\u03b5\u203a\u03af\u03b1\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u0323\u03bd\u0323 \u03bc\u0323\u03b5\u0323\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 16<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03c4\u03ad\u03ba\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 -ca.?- ]\u03ba\u0323\u03b5\u0323 \u03a0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u2039\u03b5\u203a\u03b9 \u1f21 \u03a4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u1fd6\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4{\u03b1}\u03af\u03b1\u03bd [\u03ba\u03b1]\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd | 17<\/sup>\u00a0[\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 -ca.?- ]\u03bc\u0323\u03c5\u03b8\u0323\u03c9\u0323\u03c2\u00b7 (\u2018And to the aforementioned wife of the acknowledging party he assigns the right to occupy the aforementioned house and whatever he may leave in the way of utensils and furniture and sums owed to him in any way whatsoever and the revenues of the parcels of catoecic land that the acknowledging party shall have cultivated from the present 8th year on. In exchange for the resulting revenues, his wife Tapetsiris will settle all kinds of debts that the acknowledging party has in whatever way, having(?) the usufruct of them. The products and the revenues of the goods divided among the children will go to Tapetsiris after having been collected by(?) Petaus, which goods Tapetsiris will hand over after a period of five years, free of all public charges and every expense – – -\u2019).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bibl.: Kreller (1919): 354-357; Montevecchi (1935): 100-101,105; (1936): 69-75; (1939): 20; Hengstl (1992): 121-139; Rupprecht (1985): 292-295, (1998) 233-234; Yiftach (2006b): 153-166.<\/p>\n

BGU I<\/strong> 86.14-17 (155, SokN) [maintenance quota]; CPR VI<\/strong> 1.8-10 (125, PtolEu) [right to furniture, clothing and residence]; P.Bas. II<\/strong> 28.7-10 (II, ArsN); P.Cfcair.Masp. II<\/strong> 67151.168-182 (570, Antin); P.Diog.<\/strong> 9.11-18 (186-210?, Phil?) [disposal of furniture; support of underage children; right to the dowry]; 10.11-12 (211, PtolEu) [disposal of furniture]; P.Lond.<\/strong> II<\/strong> 294.33-60.51-57 (109, PtolEu) [disposal of slaves]; P.Mich.<\/strong> V<\/strong> 325.14-17 (47, Tebt) [disposal of a slave]; XVIII<\/strong> 785a and b, ll. 11-14 (47\/61, PtolEu) [disposal of a house + furniture; land; settlement of debts; child support]; P.M\u00fcnch.<\/strong> III<\/strong> 80.20-23 (103-114, SokN) [management of the estate]; P.Oxy.<\/strong> I<\/strong> 104.14-17 (96, Ox) [right of residence, maintenance quota]; III<\/strong> 489.5-9 (117, Ox) [disposal of a house, slaves]; 494.13-16 (156, Ox) [disposal of slaves]; P.Ryl.<\/strong> II<\/strong> 153.27-33 (169, Herm) [right of residence without rent]; P.Sijp.<\/strong> 43.8-11 (119\/20, OxN) [disposal of a female slave]; P.Vat.Aphrod.<\/strong> 7.b (546\/7, Aphr) [residence]; PSI Congr.<\/strong> XI<\/strong> 5.7-10 (II, Teb) [denial of the right to the yields; right to implements]; SB VIII<\/strong> 9642.4.8-13 (117-137, Teb) [right of residence, disposal of slaves, maintenance of children]; XVIII<\/strong> 13308.41-44 (81-96, PtolEu?) [maintenance quota].<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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6. Usufruct in Marriage<\/h2>\n

Category: Capacity<\/p>\n

Link to Synallagma<\/a><\/p>\n

Documents recording the conveyance of prosphora<\/em> specify the husband\u2019s rights of cultivation. The clause follows the symbiosis<\/em> and the \u2018maintenance in marriage\u2019 clauses and is introduced by \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 + the present infinitive. The verb that denotes the act is \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, with the object in the accusative. CPR<\/span> I 27.11-16 (189, PtolEu): \u03c3]\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd [\u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae]\u03bb\u0323\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b5 \u1f38\u03c3\u03af|12<\/sup>[\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21] \u0398\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bc\u03ad\u0323\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f38\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 [\u1f10]\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u1fe6[\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2] \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f31\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f04\u03bb|13<\/sup>[\u03bb\u03b1 \u1f45\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba]\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u1f76 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 [\u03b2\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba]\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50[\u03c4]\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u0398\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f04[\u03bc\u03b5]\u03bc\u0323\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7|14<\/sup>[\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1]\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd (l<\/em>. [\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1]\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1fa7 [\u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03af]\u03b6\u03b5\u03c3[\u03b8\u03b1]\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f38\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u02bc \u1f43\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 | 15<\/sup> [\u1f21 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae]\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f51\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc7 \u0398\u03b1[\u03ca\u03c3\u03b1]\u03c1\u0323\u03af\u0323\u1ff3\u0323 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 [\u03ba\u03ce]\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03a3\u03b5\u03b2\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 | 16<\/sup> [\u1f00\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd] \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f40\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce (\u2018Let the couple Isidoros and Thaisarion live together irreproachably, Isidorus providing her with all necessities, clothing, and everything else befitting a wedded wife in accordance with the ability of his means, and Thaisarion herself conducting herself without reproach and blame in the course of the marriage, on the condition that Isidoros enjoy the fruits, for as long as their joint cohabitation persists, of the fourth share belonging to her of a palm grove of ten arouras<\/em>\u2019). The clause is developed further in P.Ryl. II 154.20-24 (66, Bacchias), where it gives a detailed account of the husband’s duties\/rights. The terms are those used in leases to denote the duties of a lessee (see: \u2018duties in lease<\/a>\u2019). Different from the lessee\u2019s position, however, is the husband\u2019s duty to pay taxes (compare: \u2018taxes in lease<\/a>\u2019) and consign yields to the joint household \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03a7[\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1]\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f04\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14[\u03c4\u03bf]\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03ae[\u03c1]\u03bf\u03c5 | 21<\/sup> [\u1f00\u03c1\u03bf]\u03c5\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u1f21\u03bc\u03af\u03c3[\u03bf]\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd[\u03b1] \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4[\u03bf\u03cd]|22<\/sup>[\u03c4\u03c9]\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0[\u1f78] \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6[\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2] \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b5[\u1f30]\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1[\u03bf\u03bd]\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 | 23<\/sup> [\u03b5\u1f30\u03c2] \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 [\u03c3]\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f36\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1[\u1f76 \u03c4]\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (l<\/em>. [\u03c4]\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f51\u03c0\u1f72\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u02bc \u1f14\u03c4[\u03bf]\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 [\u03c0\u03ac]\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 | 24<\/sup> [\u03c3\u03b9]\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9[\u03ba]\u1f70 \u1f00\u03c0\u1f78 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (…\u2018Chairemon carrying out all yearly work of cultivation connected with the holding of ten and three quarters arouras<\/em> delivered under the title of prosphora<\/em>, sowing them, gathering the future annual produce and surplus resulting from them from said present year onward, and carrying it to the home of their common wedded life, paying thereon all yearly public charges both of corn and money from said present year\u2019) (transl.: with slight modifications, editio princeps<\/em>, pp. 159-160).<\/p>\n

Bibl.: H\u00e4ge (1968): 267-268; Yiftach (2003): 168.<\/span><\/p>\n

CPR<\/span> I<\/strong> 27.14-16 (189, PtolEu); P.Oxy.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 265.5-9 (81-96, Ox); P.Ryl.<\/span><\/strong> II<\/strong> 154.20-24 (66, Bac); SB<\/span> VI<\/strong> 8974.25-28 (IbA<\/span><\/sup>, Bousiris).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-34","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":25,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":101,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2578,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/revisions\/2578"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/25"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/e-publish.uliege.be\/taxonomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}